Engineering Drawing I
EGM221
SECTIONING
Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson learners will be able to:
• Describe the purpose of sectioning in technical
• drawings
• Define cutting plane lines, direction of sight,
section lining etc
• Mention and explain the different kinds of
sectioning
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1. Introduction
• Sectioning is a process of passing an imaginary
plane through an object in order to reveal its
internal features.
• The view obtained is called a section view
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Terminologies and common
Section practices
CUTTING PLANE
Cutting plane is a plane that imaginarily cuts
the object to reveal the internal features.
Cutting
plane Cutting plane line
Section lines
CUTTING PLANE LINE
Cutting plane line is an edge view of the cutting
plane.
Indicate the path
of cutting plane.
CUTTING PLANE LINESTYLES
Thick line
ANSI
Viewing
standard direction
Thick line
Viewing
direction
JIS & ISO Thin line
standard
Viewing
direction
SECTION LINING
Section lines or cross-hatch lines are used to
indicate the surfaces that are cut by the cutting
plane.
Section
lines
Drawn with 4H pencil.
SECTION LINES SYMBOLS
The section lines are different for each of
material’s type.
For practical purpose, the cast iron symbol is
used most often for any materials.
Cast iron, Steel Concrete Sand Wood
Malleable iron
SECTION LINING PRACTICE
It should not be drawn parallel or perpendicular
to contour of the view.
COMMON MISTAKE
Kinds of Sections
KIND OF SECTIONS
1. Full section
2. Offset section
3. Half section
4. Broken-out section
5. Revolved section (aligned section)
6. Removed section (detailed section)
FULL SECTION VIEW
The view is made by passing the straight cutting
plane completely through the part.
OFFSET SECTION VIEW
The view is made by passing the bended cutting
plane completely through the part.
Do not show the edge views
of the cutting plane.
TREATMENT OF HIDDEN LINES
Hidden lines are normally omitted from section
views.
HALF SECTION VIEW
The view is made by passing the cutting plane halfway
through an object and remove a quarter of it.
HALF SECTION VIEW
A center line is used to separate the sectioned half
from the unsectioned half of the view.
Hidden line is omitted in unsection half of the view.
BROKEN-OUT SECTION VIEW
The view is made by passing the cutting plane normal
to the viewing direction and removing the portion of an
object in front of it.
BROKEN-OUT SECTION VIEW
A break line is used to separate
the sectioned portion from the
unsectioned portion of the view.
Break line is a thin continuous
line (4H) and is drawn freehand.
There is no cutting plane line.
EXAMPLE : Comparison among several section techniques
REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
Revolved sections show cross-sectional
features of a part.
No need for additional orthographic views.
This section is especially helpful when a
cross-section varies.
REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
Basic concept
REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
Basic concept
REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
Steps in construction
Given
Edge view of
cross-section
Step 1
a. Assign position of cutting plane.
b. Draw axis of rotation in front view.
REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
Steps in construction
Given
Step 2
a. Transfer the depth dimension to
the front view.
REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
Steps in construction
Given
Step 3
a. Draw the revolved section.
b. Add section lines.
REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
Steps in construction
Given
FINAL PICTURE
REVOLVED SECTION VIEW
Placement of revolved section
1. Superimposed to orthographic view.
2. Break from orthographic view.
Break Superimposed
REMOVED SECTION VIEW
6. Removed section
Removed section is revolved section.
Section view is shown outside the view.
Used where space does not enough for
revolved section
Can be located elsewhere on a drawing
with properly labeled
REMOVED SECTION VIEW
Example : Revolved vs. removed sections.
Revolved section Removed section
CONVENTIONAL PRACTICE
Omit the section lines on the section view
of
Rib, Web and Lug, if the cutting plane is
passed flatwise through.
Spoke, if the cutting plane is passed
longwise
through.
EXAMPLE : RIB
Normal multiview drawing
Normal section view
Section view drawing with
convention
EXAMPLE : WEB : flatwise cut
Normal multiview drawing
Normal section view
Section view drawing with
convention
EXAMPLE : WEB : crosswise cut
EXAMPLE : SPOKE
Misleading impression
EXAMPLE : LUG
Exercises
Pictorial views of an object is shown in Fig. a. Using first angle projection, draw
the following views;
a) Full sectional front view,
b) Top view
c) Sectional A-A side view.
Fig. a
Pictorial views of an object is shown in Fig. b. Using third angle projection, draw
the following views;
a) Full sectional front view in the direction of the arrow,
b) Top view
c) Side view.
Fig. b
THE
END