Mechanical Loads Test Report

for the U.S. Department of

Energy 1.5-Megawatt Wind
Turbine
R. Santos
Santos Wind Engineering Technologies, Inc.

J. van Dam
National Renewable Energy Laboratory

NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy

Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy
Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC
This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy
Laboratory (NREL) at [Link]/publications.

Technical Report
NREL/TP-5000-63679
July 2015

Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308

 Mechanical Loads Test Report
for the U.S. Department of
Energy 1.5-Megawatt Wind
Turbine
R. Santos
Santos Wind Engineering Technologies, Inc.

J. van Dam
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Prepared under Task No. WE15.1A02

NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy

Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy
Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC
This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy
Laboratory (NREL) at [Link]/publications.

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Technical Report

15013 Denver West Parkway NREL/TP-5000-63679
Golden, CO 80401 July 2015
303-275-3000 • [Link]
Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308
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 Mechanical Loads Test Report
for the

DOE 1.5-MW Wind Turbine

in

Golden, Colorado, USA

Conducted for

U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Wind and Water Power Program
Forrestal Building
1000 Independence Avenue, SW
Washington, DC 20585

Conducted by

National Wind Technology Center

National Renewable Energy Laboratory
15013 Denver West Parkway
Golden, Colorado 80401

Rick Santos and Jeroen van Dam

September 2014

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 1 of 383

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 2 of 383
Table of Contents
1 Background ......................................................................................................................................... 12
2 Test Objective ..................................................................................................................................... 14
3 Test Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 15
4 Test Turbine Configuration ............................................................................................................... 16
5 Test Site Description .......................................................................................................................... 18
6 Test Instrumentation .......................................................................................................................... 20
6.1 Met Tower Signals ...................................................................................................................... 22
6.2 Blade Signals ............................................................................................................................... 25
6.3 Tower Signals .............................................................................................................................. 25
6.4 Main Shaft Signals ...................................................................................................................... 27
6.5 Other Signals ............................................................................................................................... 28
7 Calibrations ......................................................................................................................................... 30
7.1 Blade Signals ............................................................................................................................... 30
7.2 Tower Signals .............................................................................................................................. 31
7.3 Main Shaft Signals ...................................................................................................................... 33
7.4 Yaw Position ............................................................................................................................... 35
8 Data Processing Procedure............................................................................................................... 37
8.1 Data Filtering............................................................................................................................... 37
8.2 Calculated Channels .................................................................................................................... 37
8.3 Data Validation ........................................................................................................................... 37
8.4 Post-Processing ........................................................................................................................... 38
9 Results ................................................................................................................................................. 41
9.1 Power Production ........................................................................................................................ 41
9.2 Transients .................................................................................................................................... 42
9.3 Parked/Idling ............................................................................................................................... 42
9.4 Turbine Dynamic Analysis.......................................................................................................... 43
10 Uncertainty .......................................................................................................................................... 48
11 Exceptions........................................................................................................................................... 55
11.1 Exceptions to the Test Plan ......................................................................................................... 55
11.2 Exceptions to the Standard .......................................................................................................... 55
11.3 Exceptions to NWTC Quality Assurance System ....................................................................... 55
References ................................................................................................................................................. 56
Appendix A. Result Plots and Tables ..................................................................................................... 57
Turbulence Intensity ............................................................................................................................. 57
Wind Speed Trend Detection ............................................................................................................... 58
Power Production Data ......................................................................................................................... 61
Transient Events ................................................................................................................................. 250
Parked or Idling (Online).................................................................................................................... 286
Appendix B. Pictures of Test Site ......................................................................................................... 304
Appendix C. Blade Slow Roll Results ................................................................................................... 308
Appendix D. Main Shaft Slow Roll Results........................................................................................... 323
Appendix E. Yaw Sweeps ....................................................................................................................... 327
Appendix F. Shunt Calibrations ............................................................................................................ 336
Appendix G. Instrument Calibration Sheets......................................................................................... 365
Appendix H. Coordinate System ........................................................................................................... 378
Blade Coordinate System ................................................................................................................... 378
Rotor Coordinate System ................................................................................................................... 378
Nacelle Coordinate System ................................................................................................................ 378
Tower Coordinate System .................................................................................................................. 378
Yaw Error ........................................................................................................................................... 379
Appendix I. Post-Test Calibration Sheets............................................................................................. 380

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 3 of 383

List of Tables
Table 1. Test Turbine Configuration and Operational Data ....................................................................... 16
Table 2. Neighboring Turbines and Obstacles ............................................................................................ 18
Table 3. Results of Site Assessment ........................................................................................................... 19
Table 4. Summary of Instrumentation; Nonload Channels ......................................................................... 20
Table 5. Summary of Instrumentation for Loads Channels ........................................................................ 21
Table 6. Map Between Signals and DAQ Module...................................................................................... 22
Table 7. Blade Overhang Moments Used for Calibration of Blade Bending ............................................. 30
Table 8. Blade Sensitivity Matrices ............................................................................................................ 31
Table 9. Blade Offset Values ...................................................................................................................... 31
Table 10. Tower Properties Used for Calculation of Tower Calibration Coefficients ............................... 31
Table 11. Nacelle Overhang Moment Use for Tower Bending Calibrations .............................................. 32
Table 12. Tower Offset Values ................................................................................................................... 32
Table 13. Comparison of Tower Calibrations ............................................................................................. 32
Table 14. Inputs Used for Analytical Shaft Calibration .............................................................................. 33
Table 15. Calculation of Overhang Moment at Main Shaft Strain Gage Location ..................................... 33
Table 16. Comparison of Main Shaft Calibrations ..................................................................................... 34
Table 17. Main Shaft Offset Values............................................................................................................ 35
Table 18. Verification of Slope and Offset for Yaw Position ..................................................................... 35
Table 19. Analysis of 10-Minute Blocks .................................................................................................... 39
Table 20. Capture Matrix for Normal Transients........................................................................................ 42
Table 21. Capture Matrix for Parked/Idling................................................................................................ 42
Table 22. Turbine Structural Natural Frequencies ...................................................................................... 43
Table 23. Uncertainty Analysis for Blade 1 Flap Bending ......................................................................... 48
Table 24. Uncertainty Analysis for Blade 2 Flap Bending ......................................................................... 48
Table 25. Uncertainty Analysis for Blade 3 Flap Bending ......................................................................... 49
Table 26. Uncertainty Analysis for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending ................................................................... 49
Table 27. Uncertainty Analysis for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending ................................................................... 50
Table 28. Uncertainty Analysis for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending ................................................................... 50
Table 29. Main Shaft Bending 0 Uncertainty ............................................................................................. 51
Table 30. Main Shaft Bending 90 Uncertainty ........................................................................................... 51
Table 31. Uncertainty Analysis for Main Shaft Torque .............................................................................. 52
Table 32. Uncertainty Analysis for Tower-Top Torque ............................................................................. 52
Table 33. Uncertainty Analysis for Tower-Top Bending 1 ........................................................................ 53
Table 34. Uncertainty Analysis for Tower-Top Bending 2 ........................................................................ 53
Table 35. Uncertainty Analysis for Tower-Base Bending 1 ....................................................................... 54
Table 36. Uncertainty Analysis for Tower-Base Bending 2 ....................................................................... 54
Table 37. Binned Data for Electric Power .................................................................................................. 63
Table 38. Binned Data for Rotor Speed ...................................................................................................... 67
Table 39. Binned Data for Generator Speed ............................................................................................... 71
Table 40. Binned Data for Blade 1 Pitch Position ...................................................................................... 75
Table 41. Binned Data for Blade 2 Pitch Position ...................................................................................... 79
Table 42. Binned Data for Blade 3 Pitch Position ...................................................................................... 83
Table 43. Binned Data for Tower-Top Normal Acceleration ..................................................................... 89
Table 44. Binned Data for Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration ...................................................................... 94
Table 45. Binned Data for Blade 1 Flap Bending ....................................................................................... 99
Table 46. Binned Damage Equivalent Load (DEL) Data for Blade 1 Flap Bending ................................ 103
Table 47. Binned Data for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending ............................................................................... 109
Table 48. Binned DEL Data for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending ...................................................................... 113
Table 49. Binned Data for Blade 2 Flap Bending ..................................................................................... 119

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 4 of 383

Table 50. Binned DEL Data for Blade 2 Flap Bending ............................................................................ 123
Table 51. Binned Data for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending ............................................................................... 129
Table 52. Binned DEL Data for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending ...................................................................... 133
Table 53. Binned Data for Blade 3 Flap Bending ..................................................................................... 139
Table 54. Binned DEL Data for Blade 3 Flap Bending ............................................................................ 143
Table 55. Binned Data for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending ............................................................................... 149
Table 56. Binned DEL Data for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending ...................................................................... 153
Table 57. Binned Data for Main Shaft Bending 0 .................................................................................... 159
Table 58. Binned DEL Data for Main Shaft Bending 0 ............................................................................ 163
Table 59. Binned Data for Main Shaft Bending 90 .................................................................................. 169
Table 60. Binned DEL Data for Main Shaft Bending 90 .......................................................................... 173
Table 61. Binned Data for Main Shaft Torque ......................................................................................... 179
Table 62. Binned DEL Data for Main Shaft Torque ................................................................................. 183
Table 63. Binned Data for Tower-Top Normal Bending .......................................................................... 189
Table 64. Binned DEL Data for Tower-Top Normal Bending ................................................................. 193
Table 65. Binned Data for Tower-Top Lateral Bending ........................................................................... 198
Table 66. Binned DEL Data for Tower-Top Lateral Bending .................................................................. 202
Table 67. Binned Data for Tower-Top Torque ......................................................................................... 207
Table 68. Binned DEL Data for Tower-Top Torque ................................................................................ 211
Table 69. Binned Data for Tower-Base Normal Bending......................................................................... 216
Table 70. Binned DEL Data for Tower-Base Normal Bending ................................................................ 220
Table 71. Binned Data for Tower-Base Lateral Bending ......................................................................... 225
Table 72. Binned DEL Data for Tower-Base Lateral Bending ................................................................. 229
Table 73. Binned Data for Hub-Height Wind Speed ................................................................................ 234
Table 74. Binned Data for Wind Speed at 87 m ....................................................................................... 238
Table 75. Binned Data for Air Pressure .................................................................................................... 242
Table 76. Binned Data for Temperature ................................................................................................... 246
Table 77. Binned Data for Turbine Yaw Error ......................................................................................... 249
Table 78. Brief Statistical Description for Normal Start at 6.6 m/s .......................................................... 250
Table 79. Brief Statistical Description for Normal Start at 14.0 m/s ........................................................ 256
Table 80. Brief Statistical Description for Normal Start at 23.5 m/s ........................................................ 262
Table 81. Brief Statistical Description for Normal Stop at 7.0 m/s .......................................................... 268
Table 82. Brief Statistical Description for Normal Stop at 12.2 m/s ........................................................ 274
Table 83. Brief Statistical Description for Normal Stop at 16.1 m/s ........................................................ 280
Table 84. Brief Statistical Description for Parked at 4.2 m/s.................................................................... 286
Table 85. Brief Statistical Description for Parked at 13.5 m/s.................................................................. 292
Table 86. Brief Statistical Description for Parked at 27.6 m/s.................................................................. 298
Table 87. Blade 1 Flap Bending Shunt Calibration Results...................................................................... 337
Table 88. Blade 1 Leadlag Bending Shunt Calibration Results ................................................................ 339
Table 89. Blade 2 Flap Bending Shunt Calibration Results...................................................................... 341
Table 90. Blade 2 Leadlag Bending Shunt Calibration Results ................................................................ 343
Table 91. Blade 3 Flap Bending Shunt Calibration Results...................................................................... 345
Table 92. Blade 3 Leadlag Bending Shunt Calibration Results ................................................................ 347
Table 93. Main Shaft Bending 0 Shunt Calibration Results ..................................................................... 349
Table 94. Main Shaft Bending 90 Shunt Calibration Results ................................................................... 351
Table 95. Main Shaft Torque Shunt Calibration Results .......................................................................... 353
Table 96. Tower-Top 1 Bending Shunt Calibration Results ..................................................................... 355
Table 97. Tower-Top 2 Bending Shunt Calibration Results ..................................................................... 357
Table 98. Tower-Top Torque Bending Shunt Calibration Results ........................................................... 359
Table 99. Tower-Base 1 Bending Shunt Calibration Results ................................................................... 361
Table 100. Tower-Base 2 Bending Shunt Calibration Results ................................................................. 363

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 5 of 383

List of Figures
Figure 1. Model validation capture matrix.................................................................................................. 15
Figure 2. The DOE 1.5 wind turbine at Site 4.0. ........................................................................................ 17
Figure 3. Map of the test site ...................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 4. Met tower schematic showing measurement heights .................................................................. 23
Figure 5. Met tower..................................................................................................................................... 24
Figure 6. Example of blade strain gage locations ....................................................................................... 25
Figure 7. Example of tower-base strain gages ............................................................................................ 26
Figure 8. Example of strain gage location at the tower top ........................................................................ 27
Figure 9. Main shaft gaging. ....................................................................................................................... 28
Figure 10. Main shaft torque calibration ..................................................................................................... 34
Figure 11. Regression of measured versus predicted yaw position ............................................................ 36
Figure 12. Tower normal natural frequency during shutdown ................................................................... 44
Figure 13. Tower lateral natural frequency during shutdown ..................................................................... 44
Figure 14. Tower normal natural frequency during normal operation ........................................................ 45
Figure 15. Tower lateral natural frequency during normal operation ......................................................... 45
Figure 16. Drivetrain natural frequency after normal stop ......................................................................... 46
Figure 17. Blade 1 flap natural frequency normal operation ...................................................................... 46
Figure 18. Blade 1 leadlag natural frequency during normal operation...................................................... 47
Figure 19. Turbulence intensity .................................................................................................................. 57
Figure 20. Indication of presence of wind speed trending in data set ......................................................... 58
Figure 21. Scatterplot versus wind speed for air density ............................................................................ 59
Figure 22. Global capture matrix with all loads channels operating........................................................... 60
Figure 23. Capture matrix for electric power .............................................................................................. 61
Figure 24. Scatterplot for electric power .................................................................................................... 62
Figure 25. Time series for the first 60 seconds of electric power ............................................................... 64
Figure 26. Capture matrix for rotor speed................................................................................................... 65
Figure 27. Scatterplot for rotor speed ......................................................................................................... 66
Figure 28. Time series for first 60 seconds of rotor speed .......................................................................... 68
Figure 29. Capture matrix for generator speed ........................................................................................... 69
Figure 30. Scatterplot for generator speed .................................................................................................. 70
Figure 31. Time series for the first 60 seconds of generator speed............................................................. 72
Figure 32. Capture matrix for blade 1 pitch position .................................................................................. 73
Figure 33. Scatterplot for blade 1 pitch position ......................................................................................... 74
Figure 34. Time series for the first 60 seconds of blade 1 pitch position ................................................... 76
Figure 35. Capture matrix for blade 2 pitch position .................................................................................. 77
Figure 36. Scatterplot for blade 2 pitch position ......................................................................................... 78
Figure 37. Time series for the first 60 seconds of blade 2 pitch position ................................................... 80
Figure 38. Capture matrix for blade 3 pitch position .................................................................................. 81
Figure 39. Scatterplot for blade 3 pitch position ......................................................................................... 82
Figure 40. Time series for the first 60 seconds of blade 3 pitch position ................................................... 84
Figure 41. Capture matrix for nacelle yaw angle ........................................................................................ 85
Figure 42. Vector average for nacelle yaw angle........................................................................................ 86
Figure 43. Capture matrix for tower-top normal acceleration .................................................................... 87
Figure 44. Scatterplot for tower-top normal acceleration ........................................................................... 88
Figure 45. Time series for the first 60 seconds of tower-top normal acceleration ...................................... 90
Figure 46. Power spectral density of tower-top normal acceleration.......................................................... 91
Figure 47. Capture matrix for tower-top lateral acceleration ...................................................................... 92
Figure 48. Scatterplot for tower-top lateral acceleration ............................................................................ 93
Figure 49. Time series for the first 60 seconds of tower-top lateral acceleration ....................................... 95

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 6 of 383

Figure 50. Power spectral density of tower-top lateral acceleration ........................................................... 96
Figure 51. Capture matrix for blade 1 flap bending .................................................................................... 97
Figure 52. Scatterplot for blade 1 flap bending .......................................................................................... 98
Figure 53. Time series for the first 60 seconds of blade 1 flap bending ................................................... 100
Figure 54. Damage equivalent load (DEL) (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 1 flap bending ..................... 101
Figure 55. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 1 flap bending ................................................... 102
Figure 56. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for blade 1 flap bending .................................................. 104
Figure 57. Azimuth binning for blade 1 flap bending ............................................................................... 105
Figure 58. Power spectral density of blade 1 flap bending ....................................................................... 106
Figure 59. Capture matrix for blade 1 leadlag bending ............................................................................ 107
Figure 60. Scatterplot for blade 1 leadlag bending ................................................................................... 108
Figure 61. Time series for the first 60 seconds of blade 1 leadlag bending .............................................. 110
Figure 62. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 1 leadlag bending .......................................................... 111
Figure 63. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 1 leadlag bending.............................................. 112
Figure 64. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for blade 1 leadlag bending............................................. 114
Figure 65. Azimuth binning for blade 1 leadlag bending ......................................................................... 115
Figure 66. Power spectral density of blade 1 leadlag bending .................................................................. 116
Figure 67. Capture matrix for blade 2 flap bending .................................................................................. 117
Figure 68. Scatterplot for blade 2 flap bending ........................................................................................ 118
Figure 69. Time series for the first 60 seconds of blade 2 flap bending ................................................... 120
Figure 70. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 2 flap bending ............................................................... 121
Figure 71. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 2 flap bending ................................................... 122
Figure 72. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for blade 2 flap bending .................................................. 124
Figure 73. Azimuth binning for blade 2 flap bending ............................................................................... 125
Figure 74. Power spectral density of blade 2 flap bending ....................................................................... 126
Figure 75. Capture matrix for blade 2 leadlag bending ............................................................................ 127
Figure 76. Scatterplot for blade 2 leadlag bending ................................................................................... 128
Figure 77. Time series for the first 60 seconds of blade 2 leadlag bending .............................................. 130
Figure 78. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 2 leadlag bending .......................................................... 131
Figure 79. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 2 leadlag bending.............................................. 132
Figure 80. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for blade 2 leadlag bending............................................. 134
Figure 81. Azimuth binning for blade 2 leadlag bending ......................................................................... 135
Figure 82. Power spectral density of blade 2 leadlag bending .................................................................. 136
Figure 83. Capture matrix for blade 3 flap bending .................................................................................. 137
Figure 84. Scatterplot for blade 3 flap bending ........................................................................................ 138
Figure 85. Time series for the first 60 seconds of blade 3 flap bending ................................................... 140
Figure 86. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 3 flap bending ............................................................... 141
Figure 87. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 3 flap bending ................................................... 142
Figure 88. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for blade 3 flap bending .................................................. 144
Figure 89. Azimuth binning for blade 3 flap bending ............................................................................... 145
Figure 90. Power spectral density of blade 3 flap bending ....................................................................... 146
Figure 91. Capture matrix for blade 3 leadlag bending ............................................................................ 147
Figure 92. Scatterplot for blade 3 leadlag bending ................................................................................... 148
Figure 93. Time series for the first 60 seconds of blade 3 leadlag bending .............................................. 150
Figure 94. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 3 leadlag bending .......................................................... 151
Figure 95. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 3 leadlag bending.............................................. 152
Figure 96. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for blade 3 leadlag bending............................................. 154
Figure 97. Azimuth binning for blade 3 leadlag bending ......................................................................... 155
Figure 98. Power spectral density of blade 3 leadlag bending .................................................................. 156
Figure 99. Capture matrix for main shaft bending 0 ................................................................................. 157
Figure 100. Scatterplot for main shaft bending 0...................................................................................... 158

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 7 of 383

Figure 101. Time series for the first 60 seconds of main shaft bending 0 ................................................ 160
Figure 102. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for main shaft bending 0............................................................. 161
Figure 103. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for main shaft bending 0 ................................................ 162
Figure 104. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for main shaft bending 0 ............................................... 164
Figure 105. Azimuth binning for main shaft bending 0 ............................................................................ 165
Figure 106. Power spectral density of main shaft bending 0 .................................................................... 166
Figure 107. Capture matrix for main shaft bending 90 ............................................................................. 167
Figure 108. Scatterplot for main shaft bending 90.................................................................................... 168
Figure 109. Time series for the first 60 seconds of main shaft bending 90 .............................................. 170
Figure 110. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for main shaft bending 90........................................................... 171
Figure 111. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for main shaft bending 90 .............................................. 172
Figure 112. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for main shaft bending 90 ............................................. 174
Figure 113. Azimuth binning for main shaft bending 90 .......................................................................... 175
Figure 114. Power spectral density of main shaft bending 90 .................................................................. 176
Figure 115. Capture matrix for main shaft torque..................................................................................... 177
Figure 116. Scatterplot for main shaft torque ........................................................................................... 178
Figure 117. Time series for first 60 seconds of main shaft torque ............................................................ 180
Figure 118. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for main shaft torque .................................................................. 181
Figure 119. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for main shaft torque ...................................................... 182
Figure 120. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for main shaft torque..................................................... 184
Figure 121. Azimuth binning for main shaft torque ................................................................................. 185
Figure 122. Power spectral density of main shaft torque .......................................................................... 186
Figure 123. Capture matrix for tower-top normal bending ....................................................................... 187
Figure 124. Scatterplot for tower-top normal bending.............................................................................. 188
Figure 125. Time series for the first 60 seconds of tower-top normal bending ........................................ 190
Figure 126. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-top normal bending .................................................... 191
Figure 127. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-top normal bending ........................................ 192
Figure 128. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for tower-top normal bending ....................................... 194
Figure 129. Power spectral density of tower-top normal bending ............................................................ 195
Figure 130. Capture matrix for tower-top lateral bending ........................................................................ 196
Figure 131. Scatterplot for tower-top lateral bending ............................................................................... 197
Figure 132. Time series for the first 60 seconds of tower-top lateral bending ......................................... 199
Figure 133. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-top lateral bending ...................................................... 200
Figure 134. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-top lateral bending ......................................... 201
Figure 135. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for tower-top lateral bending ........................................ 203
Figure 136. Power spectral density of tower-top lateral bending ............................................................. 204
Figure 137. Capture matrix for tower-top torque ...................................................................................... 205
Figure 138. Scatterplot for tower-top torque ............................................................................................ 206
Figure 139. Time series for the first 60 seconds of tower-top torque ....................................................... 208
Figure 140. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-top torque ................................................................... 209
Figure 141. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-top torque ....................................................... 210
Figure 142. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for tower-top torque ...................................................... 212
Figure 143. Power spectral density of tower-top torque ........................................................................... 213
Figure 144. Capture matrix for tower-base normal bending ..................................................................... 214
Figure 145. Scatterplot for tower-base normal bending............................................................................ 215
Figure 146. Time series for the first 60 seconds of tower-base normal bending ...................................... 217
Figure 147. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-base normal bending .................................................. 218
Figure 148. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-base normal bending ...................................... 219
Figure 149. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for tower-base normal bending ..................................... 221
Figure 150. Power spectral density of tower-base normal bending .......................................................... 222
Figure 151. Capture matrix for tower-base lateral bending ...................................................................... 223

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 8 of 383

Figure 152. Scatterplot for tower-base lateral bending ............................................................................. 224
Figure 153. Time series for the first 60 seconds of tower-base lateral bending ....................................... 226
Figure 154. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-base lateral bending .................................................... 227
Figure 155. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-base lateral bending ....................................... 228
Figure 156. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for tower-base lateral bending ...................................... 230
Figure 157. Power spectral density of tower-base lateral bending ........................................................... 231
Figure 158. Capture matrix for hub-height wind speed ............................................................................ 232
Figure 159. Scatterplot for hub-height wind speed ................................................................................... 233
Figure 160. Time series for the first 60 seconds of hub-height wind speed ............................................. 235
Figure 161. Capture matrix for wind speed at 87 m ................................................................................. 236
Figure 162. Scatterplot for wind speed at 87 m ........................................................................................ 237
Figure 163. Time series for the first 60 seconds of wind speed at 87 m ................................................... 239
Figure 164. Capture matrix for air pressure .............................................................................................. 240
Figure 165. Scatterplot for air pressure ..................................................................................................... 241
Figure 166. Time series for the first 60 seconds of air pressure ............................................................... 243
Figure 167. Capture matrix for temperature ............................................................................................. 244
Figure 168. Scatterplot for temperature .................................................................................................... 245
Figure 169. Time series for the first 60 seconds of temperature ............................................................... 247
Figure 170. Scatterplot versus time for turbine yaw error ........................................................................ 248
Figure 171. Normal start at 6.6 m/s—met quantities ................................................................................ 251
Figure 172. Normal start at 6.6 m/s—wind turbine operational quantities ............................................... 252
Figure 173. Normal start at 6.6 m/s—blade loads .................................................................................... 253
Figure 174. Normal start at 6.6 m/s—shaft and tower-top loads .............................................................. 254
Figure 175. Normal start at 6.6 m/s—tower-base loads............................................................................ 255
Figure 176. Normal start at 14.0 m/s—met quantities .............................................................................. 257
Figure 177. Normal start at 14.0 m/s—wind turbine operational quantities ............................................. 258
Figure 178. Normal start at 14.0 m/s—blade loads .................................................................................. 259
Figure 179. Normal start at 14.0 m/s—shaft and tower-top loads ............................................................ 260
Figure 180. Normal start at 14.0 m/s—tower-base loads.......................................................................... 261
Figure 181. Normal start at 23.5 m/s—met quantities .............................................................................. 263
Figure 182. Normal start at 23.5 m/s—wind turbine operational quantities ............................................. 264
Figure 183. Normal start at 23.5 m/s—blade loads .................................................................................. 265
Figure 184. Normal start at 23.5 m/s—shaft and tower-top loads ............................................................ 266
Figure 185. Normal start at 23.5 m/s—tower-base loads.......................................................................... 267
Figure 186. Normal stop at 7.0 m/s—met quantities ................................................................................ 269
Figure 187. Normal stop at 7.0 m/s—wind turbine operational quantities ............................................... 270
Figure 188. Normal stop at 7.0 m/s—blade loads..................................................................................... 271
Figure 189. Normal stop at 7.0 m/s—shaft and tower-top loads .............................................................. 272
Figure 190. Normal stop at 7.0 m/s—tower-base loads ............................................................................ 273
Figure 191. Normal stop at 12.2 m/s—met quantities .............................................................................. 275
Figure 192. Normal stop at 12.2 m/s—wind turbine operational quantities ............................................. 276
Figure 193. Normal stop at 12.2 m/s—blade loads................................................................................... 277
Figure 194. Normal stop at 12.2 m/s—shaft and tower-top loads ............................................................ 278
Figure 195. Normal stop at 12.2 m/s—tower-base loads .......................................................................... 279
Figure 196. Normal stop at 16.1 m/s—met quantities .............................................................................. 281
Figure 197. Normal stop at 16.1 m/s—wind turbine operational quantities ............................................. 282
Figure 198. Normal stop at 16.1 m/s—blade loads................................................................................... 283
Figure 199. Normal stop at 16.1 m/s—shaft and tower-top loads ............................................................ 284
Figure 200. Normal stop at 16.1 m/s—tower-base loads .......................................................................... 285
Figure 201. Parked at 4.2 m/s—met quantities ......................................................................................... 287
Figure 202. Parked at 4.2 m/s—wind turbine operational quantities ........................................................ 288

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 9 of 383

Figure 203. Parked at 4.2 m/s—blade loads ............................................................................................. 289
Figure 204. Parked at 4.2 m/s—shaft and tower-top loads ....................................................................... 290
Figure 205. Parked at 4.2 m/s—tower-base loads..................................................................................... 291
Figure 206. Parked at 13.5 m/s—met quantities ....................................................................................... 293
Figure 207. Parked at 13.5 m/s—wind turbine operational quantities ...................................................... 294
Figure 208. Parked at 13.5 m/s—blade loads ........................................................................................... 295
Figure 209. Parked at 13.5 m/s—shaft and tower-top loads ..................................................................... 296
Figure 210. Parked at 13.5 m/s—tower-base loads................................................................................... 297
Figure 211. Parked at 27.6 m/s—met quantities ....................................................................................... 299
Figure 212. Parked at 27.6 m/s—wind turbine operational quantities ...................................................... 300
Figure 213. Parked at 27.6 m/s—blade loads ........................................................................................... 301
Figure 214. Parked at 27.6 m/s—shaft and tower-top loads ..................................................................... 302
Figure 215. Parked at 27.6 m/s—tower-base loads................................................................................... 303
Figure 216. View towards the west. Photo by Ismael Mendoza, NREL ................................................... 304
Figure 217. View towards the northwest. Photo by Ismael Mendoza, NREL ........................................... 304
Figure 218. View towards the north. Photo by Ismael Mendoza, NREL .................................................. 305
Figure 219. View towards the northeast. Photo by Ismael Mendoza, NREL ............................................ 305
Figure 220. View towards the east. Photo by Ismael Mendoza, NREL..................................................... 306
Figure 221. View towards the southeast. Photo by Ismael Mendoza, NREL ............................................ 306
Figure 222. View towards the south. Photo by Ismael Mendoza, NREL .................................................. 307
Figure 223. View towards the southwest. Photo by Ismael Mendoza, NREL ........................................... 307
Figure 224. Blade 1 leadlag slow roll calibration ..................................................................................... 308
Figure 225. Blade 1 flap slow roll calibration .......................................................................................... 308
Figure 226. Blade 1 leadlag crosstalk correction ...................................................................................... 309
Figure 227. Blade 1 flap crosstalk correction ........................................................................................... 310
Figure 228. Blade 2 leadlag slow roll calibration ..................................................................................... 311
Figure 229. Blade 2 flap slow roll calibration .......................................................................................... 311
Figure 230. Blade 2 leadlag crosstalk correction ...................................................................................... 312
Figure 231. Blade 2 flapwise crosstalk correction .................................................................................... 313
Figure 232. Blade 3 leadlag slow roll calibration ..................................................................................... 314
Figure 233. Blade 3 flapwise slow roll calibration ................................................................................... 314
Figure 234. Blade 3 leadlag crosstalk correction ...................................................................................... 315
Figure 235. Blade 3 flapwise crosstalk correction .................................................................................... 316
Figure 236. Blade 1 flap pitch sweep calibration results .......................................................................... 317
Figure 237. Blade 1 leadlag pitch sweep calibration results ..................................................................... 318
Figure 238. Blade 2 leadlag pitch sweep calibration results ..................................................................... 319
Figure 239. Blade 2 flap pitch sweep calibration results .......................................................................... 320
Figure 240. Blade 3 leadlag pitch sweep calibration results ..................................................................... 321
Figure 241. Blade 3 flap pitch sweep calibration results .......................................................................... 322
Figure 242. Main shaft bending 0 slow roll calibration ............................................................................ 323
Figure 243. Main shaft bending 0 crosstalk correction ............................................................................. 324
Figure 244. Main shaft bending 90 slow roll calibration .......................................................................... 325
Figure 245. Main shaft bending 90 crosstalk correction ........................................................................... 326
Figure 246. Tower-top nacelle 360 sweep calibration .............................................................................. 327
Figure 247. Tower-top 1 crosstalk calibration .......................................................................................... 328
Figure 248. Tower-top 1 nonlinear gain correction .................................................................................. 329
Figure 249. Tower-top 2 crosstalk calibration .......................................................................................... 330
Figure 250. Tower-top 2 nonlinear gain correction .................................................................................. 331
Figure 251. Tower-top nacelle validation original.................................................................................... 332
Figure 252. Tower-base nacelle validation nonlinear correction .............................................................. 333
Figure 253. Tower-base nacelle yaw sweep calibration ........................................................................... 334

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 10 of 383

Figure 254. Tower-base nacelle validation ............................................................................................... 335
Figure 255. Blade 1 flap bending shunt calibration .................................................................................. 338
Figure 256. Blade 1 leadlag bending shunt calibration ............................................................................. 340
Figure 257. Blade 2 flap bending shunt calibration .................................................................................. 342
Figure 258. Blade 2 leadlag bending shunt calibration ............................................................................. 344
Figure 259. Blade 3 flap bending shunt calibration .................................................................................. 346
Figure 260. Blade 3 leadlag bending shunt calibration ............................................................................. 348
Figure 261. Main shaft bending 0 shunt calibration ................................................................................. 350
Figure 262. Main shaft bending 90 shunt calibration ............................................................................... 352
Figure 263. Main shaft torque shunt calibration ....................................................................................... 354
Figure 264. Tower-top 1 bending shunt calibration .................................................................................. 356
Figure 265. Tower-top 2 bending shunt calibration .................................................................................. 358
Figure 266. Tower-top torque shunt calibration ....................................................................................... 360
Figure 267. Tower-base 1 bending shunt calibration ................................................................................ 362
Figure 268. Tower-base 2 bending shunt calibration ................................................................................ 364
Figure 269. Calibration sheet for reference anemometer .......................................................................... 365
Figure 270. Calibration sheet for primary anemometer ............................................................................ 366
Figure 271. Calibration sheet of wind vane K16689 ................................................................................ 367
Figure 272. Calibration sheet for pressure transducer .............................................................................. 368
Figure 273. Calibration sheet for temperature sensor ............................................................................... 369
Figure 274. Calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 158B4F4 .................................................. 370
Figure 275. Calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 158B478 .................................................. 371
Figure 276. Calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 12BD192 ................................................. 372
Figure 277. Calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 12E9CD3 ................................................. 373
Figure 278. Calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 1342666 ................................................... 374
Figure 279. Calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 1357162 ................................................... 375
Figure 280. Calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 1357177 ................................................... 376
Figure 281. Calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 136D7A2 ................................................. 377
Figure 282. Blade coordinate system [1] .................................................................................................. 378
Figure 283. Rotor, nacelle, and tower coordinate systems [1] .................................................................. 379
Figure 284. Yaw error [1] ......................................................................................................................... 379
Figure 285. Post-test calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 136D7A2 ................................... 380
Figure 286. Post-test calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 1357177 ..................................... 381
Figure 287. Post-test calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 1357162 ..................................... 382
Figure 288. Post-test calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 1342666 ..................................... 383

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 11 of 383

1 Background
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) acquired and installed a 1.5-megawatt (MW) wind
turbine at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) at the National Renewable Energy
Laboratory. This turbine (hereafter referred to as the DOE 1.5) is envisioned to become an
integral part of the research initiatives for the DOE Wind Program, such as Atmosphere to
Electrons (A2e). A2e is a multiyear DOE research initiative targeting significant reductions in
the cost of wind energy through an improved understanding of the complex physics governing
wind flow into and through wind farms. For more information, visit
[Link]

To validate new and existing high-fidelity simulations, A2e must deploy several experimental
measurement campaigns across different scales. Proposed experiments include wind tunnel tests,
scaled field tests, and large field measurement campaigns at operating wind plants. Data of
interest includes long-term atmospheric data sets, wind plant inflow, intra-wind plant flows (e.g.,
wakes), and rotor loads measurements. It is expected that new, high-fidelity instrumentation will
be required to successfully collect data at the resolutions required to validate the high-fidelity
simulations.

The large-scale field measurement campaigns are expected to use the DOE 1.5 as it is of
sufficient enough size to represent current technology, and turbines of this size are widely
deployed in U.S. wind plants.

Expected future use of the DOE 1.5 at the NWTC may include the following (leading up to the
large files measurement campaigns at operating plants):

• Deployment and validation of high-fidelity instrumentation prior to large-scale

deployment at a wind plant

• Deployment of advanced controls algorithms

• Characterization of inflow, aerodynamics, turbine loads, and wake propagation on an

unwaked turbine.

A series of tests were conducted to characterize the baseline properties and performance of the
DOE 1.5 to enable research model development and quantify the effects of future turbine
research modifications.

The tests included:

• Power performance per International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61400-12-1

• Power quality per IEC 61400-21

• Acoustic noise per IEC 61400-11

• Mechanical loads per IEC 61400-13

• Modal testing.

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 12 of 383

The DOE 1.5 is built on the platform of GE’s 1.5-MW SLE commercial wind turbine model. It
was installed in a nonstandard configuration at the NWTC with the objective of supporting DOE
Wind Program research initiatives such as A2e. Therefore, the test results may not represent the
performance capabilities of other GE 1.5-MW SLE turbines.

This report describes the test setup and results of the mechanical loads test.

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 13 of 383

2 Test Objective
The objective of the test was to obtain a baseline characterization of the mechanical loads of the
DOE 1.5 wind turbine located at NREL. The test was conducted in accordance with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Technical Specification, IEC 61400-13 Wind
Turbine Generator Systems – Part 13: Measurement of mechanical loads; First Edition 2001-06
[1].

The National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) at NREL conducted this test in accordance with
its quality system procedures so that the final test report meets the full requirements of its
accreditation by the American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA). NREL’s
quality system requires that all applicable requirements specified by A2LA and International
Standards Organization/IEC 17025 be met or to note any exceptions in the test report.

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 14 of 383

3 Test Summary
This test commenced on March 3 and ended on March 25, 2011. According to the Standard [1],
enough data was collected to meet the capture matrix requirements for model validation (Figure
1); however, this is not the case if only files are counted with all load channels being valid
simultaneously.

Figure 1. Model validation capture matrix

NREL kept a logbook, a copy of which is available on request. No special maintenance activities
that could impact the test results were observed by or reported to NREL.

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 15 of 383

4 Test Turbine Configuration
The DOE 1.5 is based on a GE 1.5 SLE wind turbine. The test turbine was a horizontal axis,
three-bladed upwind wind turbine with full span pitch control. Table 1 provides the key
descriptive information on the test turbine. Figure 2 shows the test turbine. As the wind turbine
manufacturer was not actively engaged in the test campaign, values for several critical turbine
parameters had to be estimated based on either the measurement of dimensions, parameters from
prior field tests, or dimensions of a dynamometer test article.

Table 1. Test Turbine Configuration and Operational Data

Turbine Manufacturer and Address GE Energy

300 Garlington Rd., P.O. Box 648
Greenville, SC 29602-0648
Model GE 1.5 SLE
Serial Number Nacelle head # W79227A
Rated Power (kW) 1500
Number of Blades 3
Blade Tip Pitch Angle (deg) Variable
Blade Make, Type, Serial Number GE37c, S00028,S00029,S00030
Variable or Constant Speed Variable
Hub Height 80
Nominal Rotor Diameter 77
Rated Wind Speed (rpm) 14
Rated Rotor Speed (rpm) 18.3
Rotor Speed Range (rpm) 10-25
Rated Generator Speed (rpm) 1436
Gearbox Ratio 1:78.472
Cut-In Wind Speed (m/s) 3.5
Cut-Out Wind Speed (m/s) 25
Control Philosophy Full span pitch control
Description of Control System (Device) ESS
Design Lifetime (Years) 20
Type Class IEC IIa

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 16 of 383

Figure 2. The DOE 1.5 wind turbine at Site 4.0. Photo by Jeroen van Dam, NREL

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 17 of 383

5 Test Site Description
The turbine is located at Test Site 4.0 of the NWTC, approximately 8 miles south of Boulder,
Colorado. Figure 3 shows the turbine and meteorological (met) tower locations. This figure also
shows nearby obstructions and topographical features of the site. To minimize the influence of
obstructions and terrain during this test (Table 2), NREL has established a measurement sector
from 243° to 310°. Only data from inside the measurement sector is used for this report.

NREL also completed a site assessment per Annex A of the IEC 61400-12-1 standard for power
performance [3]. The results are given in Table 3. The terrain does not meet all the requirements
due to a small gulley south of the turbine and would thus require a site calibration for the purpose
of power performance testing. It was decided not to perform a site calibration.

Table 2. Neighboring Turbines and Obstacles

Obstacle or Relative to: Distance Bearing Equiv. Obstructed Sector

Turbine Dia.
Start End
(m) (deg T) (m) (deg T) (deg T)
Controls Test Turbine 557 211 40 194 227
Advanced
Research Turbine
(CART)-2
CART-3 Test Turbine 422 214 43 195 233
Siemens Test Turbine 718 199.5 101 177 222
Alstom Test Turbine 219 203 101 164 242
Test Turbine Met Tower 153.4 96 77 46 146
CART-2 Met Tower 513 195 40 177 212
CART-3 Met Tower 376 193 43 172 213
Siemens Met Tower 699 187 101 165 210
Alstom Met Tower 228 163 101 124 201

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 18 of 383

 Met tower

CART-2
CART-3

Siemens

Figure 3. Map of the test site

Table 3. Results of Site Assessment

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 19 of 383

6 Test Instrumentation
The data acquisition (DAQ) system used for this test is based on the National Instruments
EtherCAT hardware. DAQ modules were distributed over the turbine as indicated in Table 6.
Synchronization occurs through the use of EtherCAT protocol, which is a deterministic Ethernet
protocol. The data is stored in 100-Hz 10-minute long files.

The data channels that were collected by the DAQ system are listed in Table 4 and Table 5.
Table 6 maps the signals to the DAQ signal conditioning modules. Instrumentation details for
tower-top acceleration and rotor azimuth were not documented.

For all sensors, end-to-end checks were performed to verify proper installation.

Table 4. Summary of Instrumentation; Nonload Channels

Signal Sensor Make/Model Serial Number Cal Due Date

Primary Wind Speed Thies Clima First Class 0909219 December 20, 2011
Wind Speed 87 m MetOne SS 201 K16689 January 19, 2012
Wind Direction MetOne SD 201 K16689 December 10, 2011
Air Pressure Vaisala, PTB101B B2130018 December 22, 2011
Air Temperature MetOne T200 0673552 December 22, 2011
Supervisory control and data NA NA
Availability
acquisition (SCADA)
Pitch Angle Blade 1 SCADA NA NA
Pitch Angle Blade 2 SCADA NA NA
Pitch Angle Blade 3 SCADA NA NA
Generator Speed SCADA NA NA
Generator Torque SCADA NA NA
Yaw Position SCADA NA NA
Operational Status SCADA NA NA
State Fault SCADA NA NA
Turbine Power SCADA NA NA
Nacelle Wind Speed SCADA NA NA
Tower-Top Lateral NA
NA NA
Acceleration
Tower-Top NA
NA NA
Acceleration Normal
Rotor Azimuth NA NA NA

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 20 of 383

 Table 5. Summary of Instrumentation for Loads Channels

Signal Sensor Make/Model Gage Calibration Method

Factor
Tower-Base Bending 1 Vishay LWK-06-W250D-350 2.02 Yaw Sweep/
Theoretical
Tower-Base Bending 2 Vishay LWK-06-W250D-350 2.02 Yaw Sweep/
Theoretical
Tower-Top Torque Vishay CEA-06-125UW-350 2.02 Theoretical/Shunt
Tower-Top Bending 1 Vishay LWK-06-W250D-350 2.02 Yaw Sweep/
Theoretical
Tower-Top Bending 2 Vishay LWK-06-W250D-350 2.02 Yaw Sweep/
Theoretical
Blade 1 Flap Bending Vishay WK-09-250MQ-10C/w 2.05 Slow Roll/Pitch Sweep
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending Vishay WK-09-250MQ-10C/w 2.05 Slow Roll/Pitch Sweep
Blade 1 Flap Bending Vishay WK-09-250MQ-10C/w 2.05 Slow Roll/Pitch Sweep
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending Vishay WK-09-250MQ-10C/w 2.05 Slow Roll/Pitch Sweep
Blade 3 Flap Bending Vishay WK-09-250MQ-10C/w 2.05 Slow Roll/Pitch Sweep
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending Vishay WK-09-250MQ-10C/w 2.05 Slow Roll/Pitch Sweep
Main Shaft Bending 0 Vishay LWK-06-250D-350 2.02 Theoretical/Slow Roll
Main Shaft Bending 90 Vishay LWK-06-250D-350 2.0 Theoretical/Slow Roll
Main Shaft Torque Vishay LEA-06-W125F-350/3R 2.03 Theoretical/Shunt

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 21 of 383

 Table 6. Map Between Signals and DAQ Module

Module
Signal Name Chassis/Location
Type SN Slot Cal Due Date
Primary Wind Speed
Reference Wind Speed
9205 12E9CD3 August 21, 2011
Wind Direction Network Split
Air Pressure
Air Temperature 9217 12BD192 August 21, 2011
Tower_base_bending_1
February 19, Chassis 0 - Tower
Tower_base_bending_2 9237 1342666 1
2010 Base
Tower_base_torque
Tower_top_bending_1
Tower_top_bending_2 9237 1357162 1 March 26, 2009
Chassis 1 - Tower
Tower_top_torque
Top
Tower_top_accel_x January 10,
9239 158B4F4 2
Tower_top_accel_y 2012

Main_shaft_azimuth
Main_shaft_bending_0 January 10,
9239 158B478 1 Chassis 2 - Nacelle
Main_shaft_bending_90 2012

Main_shaft_torque
Blade 1 Flap Bending
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending
9237 1357177 1 March 26, 2009
Blade 2 Flap Bending
Chassis 3 - Hub
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending
Blade 3 Flap Bending
9237 136D7A2 2 May 14, 2009
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending

Note that in some of the plots in the appendices, leadlag bending is sometimes referred to as edge
bending.

6.1 Met Tower Signals

The met tower was located 153 m from the turbine at a bearing of 276° relative to true north.
Figure 4 shows the met tower configuration; the wind vane and MetOne reference anemometer
are mounted off the same boom, side by side (Figure 5). All booms are pointing in the 278°
direction. Air temperature was measured in a radiation shield mounted off the met tower. The air
pressure sensor was mounted in an enclosure on the tower and connected to the outside air
through a perforated pipe to measure static pressure.

An in-situ comparison was performed on the anemometers which showed that the primary
anemometer maintained its calibration over the test period.

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 22 of 383

Figure 4. Met tower schematic showing measurement heights. Illustration by Ismael Mendoza,
NREL

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 23 of 383

 Wind direction and
reference wind speed

Primary wind speed

Figure 5. Met tower. Photo by Jeroen van Dam, NREL

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 24 of 383

6.2 Blade Signals
All blade-bending moments were measured using nontemperature-compensated, full bridges
with matching strain gages for each leg. Flap and leadlag bending gages were mounted on the
inside of the root. The leadlag gages were mounted at a distance of 500 mm from the blade
flange to the gage center, along the chord line. The flap gages were mounted at a distance of 500
mm from the blade flange to the gage center, 90 degrees from the chord line. The chord line is
defined by the indicator glued to the inside surface of the blade root for each blade. An example
of a blade strain gage is given in Figure 6.

Figure 6. Example of blade strain gage locations. Photo by Garth Johnson, NREL

6.3 Tower Signals

The tower was instrumented at two levels. These are referred to as: base and top.

6.3.1 Tower Base

All tower-base moments were temperature-compensated, full bridges (“T” configuration) with
matching strain gages on each leg. Tower-base gages were mounted 4.95 m above the top of the
tower-base flange (Figure 7). The bridges were placed at 276°–96°N and 6°–186°N.

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 25 of 383

 Figure 7. Example of tower-base strain gages. Photo by Mark Murphy, NREL

6.3.2 Tower Top

All tower-top bending moments were measured using temperature-compensated, full bridges
(“T” configuration) with matching strain gages on each leg. Tower-top gages were mounted 457
mm above the upper work platform (Figure 8). The bridges were placed at 276°–96°N and 6°–
186°N. Tower-top torque was measured using a full torque bridge with elements under a 45-
degree angle from vertical.

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 26 of 383

 Figure 8. Example of strain gage location at the tower top. Photo by Mark Murphy, NREL

6.4 Main Shaft Signals

The main shaft was instrumented with two bending signals and a full torque bridge. All main-
shaft loads were measured using nontemperature-compensated, full bridges with matching strain
gages for each leg. Gages were installed 0.80 m downwind of the main shaft upwind bearing.
The 0° bending gages were installed in line with Blade 2, whereas the second bridge was placed
at 90°. Main shaft torque gages were placed at 45° from the 0° bending gages at the same shaft
cross section (Figure 9).

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 27 of 383

 Torque Bending Gages

Figure 9. Main shaft gaging. Photo by Jerry Hur, NREL

6.5 Other Signals

6.5.1 Controller Signals
Several GE controller signals were used for this test and were provided digitally to the NREL
DAQ system using the NI Publish-Subscribe Protocol (PSP). The following signals were used:

• Availability
• Pitch Angle Blade 1
• Pitch Angle Blade 2
• Pitch Angle Blade 3
• Generator Speed
• Gen Torque
• Yaw Position
• Operational Status
• State Fault

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 28 of 383

 • Turbine Power
• Nacelle Wind Speed.

6.5.2 Rotor Azimuth

The rotor azimuth was measured using four targets per revolution on the high-speed shaft
connected to a quadrature encoder and a once-per-revolution reset on the main shaft. Blade
azimuth is zero when blade 1 is pointing up.

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 29 of 383

7 Calibrations
For the load channels, the calibration method is indicated in Table 5 and described in this
section. Calibration sheets for the DAQ system and the sensors can be found in Appendix G and
Appendix I.

Several turbine signals were provided through the GE supervisory control and data acquisition
(SCADA) system. For these signals, NREL does not have traceable calibration sheets. End-to-
end calibrations were performed from the point of interconnection.

7.1 Blade Signals

Shunt calibrations were performed to check the DAQ functionality by putting a 174.65 kOhm
resistor in parallel with Signal+ and Excitation+, and Signal- and Excitation+, respectively. The
results of the shunt calibration are shown in Figure 255 through Figure 260 and Table 87 through
Table 92 in Appendix F. The measured results of the shunt calibrations correlated well with the
predictions.

The blade signals were calibrated by using the overhang moments provided in Table 7. The
provided overhang moments were not corrected for the blade mass inboard of the strain gages.

Table 7. Blade Overhang Moments Used for Calibration of Blade Bending

Serial Number Blade Overhang

Moment [kgm]
S00028 69,128
S00029 69,041
S00030 69,027

Slow rolls were performed with -1° and 85° pitch angles to obtain the slope of the flap and
leadlag bending. A slow roll with a pitch angle at 65° was performed to verify crosstalk.

Additionally, pitch sweeps were performed with the blade at 3 o’clock and 9 o’clock (blade
horizontal on both sides of the nacelle), with each blade being pitched from 0 to 90 degrees in 5-
degree increments.

The blade zero calibrations were performed throughout the testing period. In low winds (below 3
m/s), the data files were searched for startup sequences where the pitch settles at 65 degrees for
several rotor revolutions and the turbine torque converter is not yet engaged. The zero
calibrations used for the test campaign are given in Table 9.

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 30 of 383

 Table 8. Blade Sensitivity Matrices

Blade 1 Blade 2 Blade 3

Nm/V/V Nm/V/V Nm/V/V Nm/V/V Nm/V/V Nm/V/V
Flap Leadlag Flap Leadlag Flap Leadlag

Flap 2.7956E+6 -20.3611 2.5039E+6 -1.444E+3 2.5433E+E6 -521.161

Moment
Leadlag -2.07771E+3 -2.4677E+6 10.4622 -2.2337E+E6 1.1223E+E3 -2.4078E+E6
Moment

Table 9. Blade Offset Values

Mean Gage Stdev of Gage Number

Offset Offsets of Type-B Uncertainty
Comparison (V) (V/V) Zeroes (kNm)
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending 8.5053E-4 2.0623E-5 219 3.77
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending -4.1341E-6 6.4426E-6 126 1.41
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending -4.7054E-4 4.6535E-6 102 1.24
Blade 1 Flap Bending -1.5273E-5 5.7485E-6 219 3.90
Blade 2 Flap Bending -5.7944E-4 5.2036E-6 126 1.43
Blade 3 Flap Bending -2.0409E-4 6.8447E-6 102 1.14

7.2 Tower Signals

For the tower signals, the signal sensitivities were calculated using a yaw sweep and the nacelle
overhang moment in Table 10. For the tower torque and validation of the calibration of the
bending moments the tower properties given in Table 11 were used. Shunt calibrations were
performed on all tower gages (Table 96 through Table 100 and Figure 264 through Figure 268).

Table 10. Tower Properties Used for Calculation of Tower Calibration Coefficients

Level Inner Outer E Modulus Poisson’s

Diameter Diameter Ratio
[mm] [mm] [N/mm2] [-]
Base 4255 4297 2.1E+5 0.3
Top 2540 2564 2.1E+5 0.3

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 31 of 383

 Table 11. Nacelle Overhang Moment Use for Tower Bending Calibrations

Component Mass CG Location Mass Moment Overhang

(kg) From Yaw Axis (kg-m) Moment (kNm)
(m)
Nacelle and Rotor 87,000 -1.107 -9.63E+04 -943.83

The tower-top gages appeared to be placed too high in the tower and may have picked up some
nonlinear strain from yaw-bearing deflection. Figure 246 shows the nacelle 360 rotation and the
relative placement of the tower-top strain gages. As the rotor-side of the nacelle passes over the
gage locations, the stress starts out higher than expected and then drops as the nacelle front sits
over the gage. As the nacelle continues to yaw, the strain increases again and exceeds the
expected value. This is an unfortunate situation and although the tower-top calibration can be
corrected by using a gain multiplier that is a function of yaw position, the resulting calibration is
highly uncertain.

The tower-top and tower-base offset values were taken whenever the turbine was idle or parked
while facing the wind in winds less than 3 m/s. The used values are given in Table 12.

Table 12. Tower Offset Values

Mean Gage Stdev of Gage Number

Offset Offsets of Type-B Uncertainty
Comparison (V) (V/V) Zeroes (kNm)
Tower-Top 1 Bending 5.7452E-5 1.9776E-5 207 11.36
Tower-Top 2 Bending 9.8383E-5 9.2502E-6 207 7.39
Tower-Top Torque 3.1135E-5 7.7567E-6 207 5.25
Tower-Base 1 Bending 3.2487E-5 3.8648E-6 207 13.26
Tower-Base 2 Bending 3.0446E-4 3.5900E-6 207 12.99

Table 13. Comparison of Tower Calibrations

Comparison Nacelle 360 Analytical % Diff Comments

(kNm/V/V) (kNm/V/V)
Tower-Top 1 Nacelle 360 used because of a lack of
Bending 8.27E+06 9.77E+06 15.4% tower mechanical properties.

Tower-Top 2 Nacelle 360 used because of a lack of

Bending 1.15E+07 9.77E+06 18.1% tower mechanical properties.

Tower-Top Torque - 9.77E+06 - Only one method of calibration used.

Tower-Base 1 Nacelle 360 used because of a lack of

Bending 5.08E+07 4.80E+07 5.8% tower mechanical properties.

Tower-Base 2 Nacelle 360 used because of a lack of

Bending 5.27E+07 4.80E+07 9.7% tower mechanical properties.
*Values in green are used for conversions.

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 32 of 383

7.3 Main Shaft Signals
Analytical calibrations of the shaft signals were carried out using the main shaft properties listed
in Table 14. Those properties were compared to the values obtained from the estimated overhang
moments (Table 15) during slow rolls. Shunt calibrations were performed to verify the overall
DAQ functionality (Figure 261 through Figure 263 and Table 93 through Table 95).

Main shaft torque was calibrated by using a time series of normal power production near rated
power. The main shaft theoretical torque is calculated by dividing the rotor power (electric
power divided by the drivetrain efficiency) by the main shaft rotational speed. To remove noise
from the signal, a low-pass filter is applied to both rotor power and the main shaft torque gage.
The result is given in Figure 10.

Table 16 and Table 17 show the calibration slopes and offsets that were used.

Table 14. Inputs Used for Analytical Shaft Calibration

Shaft Dimensions at Measurement Plane

D 0.581 [m] Outer Diameter
d 0.040 [m] Inner Diameter
k 2.02 [-] Gage Factor
2
E 2.1E+11 [N/m ] Young's Modulus
nhu 0.3 [-] Poisson's Ratio
2
G 8.08.E+10 [N/m ] Shear Modulus

Table 15. Calculation of Overhang Moment at Main Shaft Strain Gage Location

Rotor Overhang Calculation

Distance from Y-axis to Hub Center of Gravity (CG) -3.96 m
Distance from Y-axis to Hub Flange -2.57 m
Distance from Hub CG to Hub Flange -1.39 m
Distance from Hub Flange to Bearing -0.51 m
Distance from CG to Upwind (UW) Bearing -1.90 m
Overhang Moment from Hub to UW Bearing -622.32 kNm
Gage Location
Distance from UW Bearing to Gage 0.84 m
Distance from Center of Bear to Mark 0.21 m
Distance from Center of Bearing to Gage 1.04 m
Distance from Mark to Gearbox 1.53 m
Moment at Gage
Moment at Gage -198.0 kNm

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 33 of 383

 Figure 10. Main shaft torque calibration

Table 16. Comparison of Main Shaft Calibrations

Comparison External Analytical % Diff Comments

Calibration Calibration
(kNm/V) (kNm/V)
Analytical calibration values used
Main Shaft Bending
6.66E+02 667.88 -0.3% because of uncertain boundary
0 conditions on slow rolls.
Analytical calibration values used
Main Shaft Bending
6.68E+02 667.88 0.0% because of uncertain boundary
90 conditions on slow rolls.
External calibration used because of
Main Shaft Torque 1.31E+03 1022.45 27.8% large error in analytical calibration.
*Values in green are used for conversions.

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 34 of 383

 Table 17. Main Shaft Offset Values

Mean Gage Stdev of Gage Number

Offset Offsets of Type-B Uncertainty
Comparison (V) (V) Zeroes (kNm)
Main Shaft Bending 0 1.1866 0.0124 213 0.56
Main Shaft Bending 90 1.6184 0.0148 214 0.67
Main Shaft Torque 1.4900 0.0154 226 1.34

7.4 Yaw Position

Yaw position was calibrated by pointing the nacelle at two distant landmarks and the met tower.
A slope and offset were then calculated and applied. The nacelle was then pointed at the three
landmarks again for verification. Figure 11 and Table 18 show the results of the verification. The
yaw position signal had a 1-degree resolution.

Table 18. Verification of Slope and Offset for Yaw Position

Measured
Target Bearing Bearing Residual
[°T] [°T] [°]
Coal Creek Peak 248 247 1
Shirttail Peak 293 292 1
Met Tower 281 281 0

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 35 of 383

 DOE/GE 1.5 - Yaw Position Calibration
295
Shirttail Peak

290

285

Met Tower
280
Calibrated DAS Value (deg)

275

270

265

260

255

250
Coal Creek Peak
245
245 250 255 260 265 270 275 280 285 290 295
Target Value (deg)

Figure 11. Regression of measured versus predicted yaw position

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 36 of 383

8 Data Processing Procedure
Test data was collected continuously. For all data files, the following steps were followed in the
processing procedure:

1. Filtering
2. Adding calculated channels
3. Validation (including spike detection)
4. Post-process data to results.
8.1 Data Filtering
Data was removed for:

1. Any obvious problems with the DAQ (dropouts, flat lined)

2. Wind direction outside the measurement sector
3. Observations of icing on the blades or anemometer impacted by icing.

8.2 Calculated Channels

In addition to the signal coming from the DAQ, additional measurement quantities were
calculated for:

• Air density
• Tower-top lateral bending moment
• Tower-top normal bending moment
• Tower-base lateral bending moment
• Tower-base normal bending moment.
The coordinate system used in this report is given in Appendix H.

8.3 Data Validation

All of the measured signals were checked for validity. An automated system was used to give a
first-pass evaluation as to whether the data was valid or not. These automated checks were as
follows:

1. Maximum of measured signal must be below acceptable predetermined maximum for

that channel.
2. Minimum of measured signal must be above acceptable predetermined minimum for that
channel.
3. The standard deviation for measured signal must be above threshold for that channel
(detects frozen signal).
4. The running standard deviation of 10-second width, must be above a predetermined
threshold (detects frozen signal for only part of the measured time series).

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 37 of 383

 5. Signals were investigated for spikes.
6. Mean blade in-plane loads were compared to the main shaft torque.
7. Main shaft torque was compared to electrical power divided by shaft speed.
8. Main shaft torque was compared to tower lateral bending.
9. Tower normal bending was compared to summation of the out-of-plane blade bending.
10. Power spectral densities of blade loads were used to check for crosstalk.
11. Data collected when the turbine was idling data at low wind speeds was used to quantify
gage drift.

8.4 Post-Processing
The following post-processing was performed.

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 38 of 383

 Table 19. Analysis of 10-Minute Blocks

Scatterplots Bin, Azimuth PSD Rainflow Damage

All TI Binning Counting Equivalent
Load
Electrical Power  
Rotor Speed  
Generator Speed  
Blade 1 Flap Bending      
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending      
Blade 2 Flap Bending      
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending      
Blade 3 Flap Bending      
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending      
Main Shaft Torque      
Main Shaft Bending 0      
Main Shaft Bending 90      
Tower-Top Normal Bending     
Tower-Top Lateral Bending     
Tower-Top Torque     
Tower-Base Normal Bending     
Tower-Base Lateral Bending     
Blade Pitch Angle #1  
Blade Pitch Angle #2  
Blade Pitch Angle #3  
Wind Speed at 87m  
Hub-Height Wind Speed  
Air Pressure  
Air Temperature  

8.4.1 Ten-Minute Record Statistics

For each 10-minute data file the mean, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation of all
channels were calculated.

8.4.2 Azimuth Averaging Analysis

A process similar to the bin averaging was used to compute the azimuth averaging. Thirty-six
separate bins were used for the analysis.

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 39 of 383

8.4.3 Power Spectral Density Analysis
The power spectral density (PSD) was estimated via Welch’s method that returns the PSD
estimate, Pxx, of a discrete-time signal vector X using Welch’s averaged, modified periodogram
method. By default, X was divided into eight sections with 50% overlap; each section was
windowed with a Hamming window and eight modified periodograms were computed and
averaged.

If the length of X was such that it could not be divided exactly into eight sections with 50%
overlap, then X was truncated accordingly. Pxx is the distribution of power per-unit frequency.
For real signals, such as those measured during this test, the one-sided PSD was returned. Note
that a one-sided PSD contains the total power of the input signal.

8.4.4 Cycle Counting Analysis

Load data cycles were counted using a version of ASTM E 1049-85 [2] rainflow count
algorithm. The results of the cycle counting analysis are displayed on semi-logarithmic plots for
all of the load channels. The following settings were used:

• 128 rainflow cycle bins

• Half-cycles count as 0.5; full-cycles count as 1.0.

8.4.5 Damage Equivalent Loads

Damage equivalent loads (DELs) were calculated for all load channels for each 10-minute data
file. The DELs were calculated in accordance with the IEC 61400-13 for slopes with values of 3,
6, 9, and 10.

The 10-minute rainflow counts were left as raw cycles for the computation.

8.4.6 Lifetime Fatigue Spectra

The lifetime fatigue spectra for the loads channels were computed as follows:

1. All valid data sets were binned by wind speed only.

2. For each wind speed bin, all files were rainflow counted as described above.
3. For each wind speed bin, the rainflow cycles were summed and scaled to 20 years for
IEC Class II and Class III wind speed distributions.
The scaled cycles for each wind speed were then added to achieve the lifetime fatigue
spectra.

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 40 of 383

9 Results
Graphical and tabular results are given in Appendix A. The results are divided in three sections:

1. Normal power production

2. Transients
3. Parked/idling.

9.1 Power Production

For normal power production, the 10-minute data files were filtered to meet the following
criteria:

1. Mean wind direction within the measurement sector

2. Minimum rotor speed >10.5
3. Maximum of blade pitch angle 1 <50
4. Mean of power >0.

For power production, the capture matrix is provided in Figure 22 and Figure 1.

For each signal, the following information is provided:

• Scatterplot of 10-minute statistics as a function of hub-height wind speed

• Table with binned data versus wind speed
• Example time series at a four different wind speeds.

In addition to the information listed above for the loads channels, the following things are added:

• Plots of DELs as a function of wind speeds for several m values

• Plots of binned DELs as a function of wind speed for several m values
• Table with binned DELs versus wind speed
• Plot of 20-year fatigue load spectra for IEC Class II and III
• Plots of azimuth binned loads for four different wind speeds
• PSDs at four different wind speeds.

The four wind speed files used for time series, azimuth averaging, and PSDs are as follows:

• 7.4 m/s: FastWaveforms 2011_03_08 19_30_38 100Hz

• 14.0 m/s: FastWaveforms 2011_03_09 12_46_23 100Hz
• 18.3 m/s: FastWaveforms 2011_03_09 14_56_33 100Hz
• 19.8 m/s: FastWaveforms 2011_03_11 08_37_17 100Hz.

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 41 of 383

9.2 Transients
The capture matrices for the transient events are provided below in Table 20.

Transients are identified by applying the following filters to the data:

1. Wind direction inside measurement sector

2. Turbine goes from producing power to not generating power (stop) or vice versa (start).

Plots and tables with results of example transients are provided in Figure 171 through Figure 200
and Table 78 through Table 83.

Table 20. Capture Matrix for Normal Transients

Event Wind Speed Range Duration Required Obtained

Normal Startup 3‒12 m/s Transient 3 57

12‒16 m/s Transient 3 4
>16 m/s Transient 2 3
Normal 3‒12 m/s Transient 3 72
Shutdown
12‒16 m/s Transient 3 5
>16 m/s Transient 2 2

9.3 Parked/Idling
The capture matrix for parked/idling is provided in Table 21.

For parked/idling, 10-minute data files were used that met the following criteria:

1. Wind direction inside measurement sector

2. Maximum of power <0.

Table 21. Capture Matrix for Parked/Idling

Event Wind-Speed Range Duration Required Obtained

[2-min files] [10-min
files]
Parked/Idling 3‒12 m/s 2 min 10 7
12‒16 m/s 2 min 10 3
>16 m/s 2 min 10 39

Plots and tables with results of example transients are provided in Table 84 through Table 86 and
Figure 201 through Figure 215.

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 42 of 383

9.4 Turbine Dynamic Analysis
As per the Standard, a simple analysis of the turbine natural frequencies was performed. The
results for major structural components are presented in Table 22 and Figure 12 through Figure
16 below. For each component, a particular test case was identified that would allow the best
opportunity to isolate that component’s natural frequency.

Table 22. Turbine Structural Natural Frequencies

Mode Frequency Test Condition Notes File

(Hz)
First Tower 0.35 Normal Stop at Taken from ringing of tower-base 2011_03_11_14_27_45
Normal 10.4 m/s normal bending after normal stop
First Tower 0.36 Normal Stop at Taken from ringing of tower-base 2011_03_03_16_28_03
Lateral 12.5 m/s lateral bending after normal stop
First Tower 0.36 Normal Operation Taken from tower-base normal 2011_03_09 14_56_33
Normal at 18.3 m/s bending signal during normal
operation above rated
First Tower 0.35 Normal Operation Taken from tower-base lateral 2011_03_09 14_56_33
Lateral at 18.3 m/s bending signal during normal
operation above rated
First Drivetrain 2.15 Normal Stop at Taken from ringing of shaft torque 2011_03_09_12_46_23
14.0 m/s after normal-stop, condition is
considered free-free
First Blade Flap 0.61 Normal Operation Taken from blade 1 flap-bending 2011_03_09_12_46_23
at 14.0 m/s signal during normal operation
above rated
First Blade 1.22 Normal Operation Taken from blade 1 leadlag 2011_03_09_12_46_23
Leadlag at 14.0 m/s bending signal during operation
above rated

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 43 of 383

 Tower Base Normal Bending - Natural Frequency During Shutdown
8000

7000

6000
Predicted Tower Normal Frequency is 0.35 Hz.
Tower Base Normal Bending (kNm)

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
E-stop time series
-1000 Tower normal ringing
Turning points
-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
Figure 12. Tower normal natural frequency during shutdown

Tower Base Lateral Bending - Natural Frequency During Shutdown

4000

3000
Tower Base Lateral Bending (kNm)

2000

1000

-1000

-2000 E-stop time series Predicted Tower Lateral Frequency is 0.36 Hz.
Tower lateral ringing
Turning points
-3000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 13. Tower lateral natural frequency during shutdown

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 44 of 383

 Tower Base Normal Bending - Natural Frequency During Operation

1/rev 3/rev 6/rev 9/rev

8
10
PSD of Tower Base Normal Bending

7
10 Tower Normal Frequency =0.36Hz

6
10

5
10

4
10

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Frequency (Hz)
Figure 14. Tower normal natural frequency during normal operation
Tower Lateral Bending - Natural Frequency During Operation

1/rev 3/rev 6/rev 9/rev

8
10
Tower Lateral Frequency =0.35Hz
PSD of Tower Base Lateral Bending

7
10

6
10

5
10

4
10

3
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 15. Tower lateral natural frequency during normal operation

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 45 of 383

 1/rev 3/rev 6/rev 9/rev 12/rev
7
10

6
10

5
10

4
10 1st Collective Edge =3.60Hz
st
1 Drivetrain =2.15Hz
3
10

2
10

1
10

0
10

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Frequency (Hz)

Figure 16. Drivetrain natural frequency after normal stop

Blade Flapwise Natural Frequency During Operation

10
8 1/rev 3/rev 6/rev 9/rev

7
10
PSD of B1 Flapwise Bending

6
10

Blade Flapwise Frequency =0.61Hz

5
10

4
10

3
10

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Frequency (Hz)

Figure 17. Blade 1 flap natural frequency normal operation

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 46 of 383

 Blade Leadlag Natural Frequency During Operation

1/rev 3/rev 6/rev 9/rev

8
10

7
10

6
10
PSD of B1 Leadlag Bending

5
10

4
10

Blade Leadlag Frequency =1.22Hz

3
10

2
10

1
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 18. Blade 1 leadlag natural frequency during normal operation

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 47 of 383

10 Uncertainty
The uncertainty for the loads channels has been estimated based on the calibration uncertainties
and variations found in the offset values. For each loads channel the inputs and assumptions are
given in Table 23 through Table 36. It should be noted that these uncertainties do not include all
uncertainties associated with estimating some of the turbine properties.

Table 23. Uncertainty Analysis for Blade 1 Flap Bending

Estimated Distribution/D Sensitivity Degrees of Distribution Standard

Uncertainty Source Uncertainty Units Type
Value ivisor Coefficient Freedom Divisor Uncertainty

Mass of blade 5800.0 50 kg Rectangular 1.03E+02 B inf 1.73 3.0

CG location of blade 10.6 0.1 m Rectangular 5.66E+04 B inf 1.73 3.3

tilt angle 5.0 0.2 deg Rectangular 5.25E+04 B inf 1.73 6.1

pitch angle 90.0 0.2 deg Rectangular 3.68E-11 B inf 1.73 0.0

Zero Calibration -1.539-05 1.399-06 V/V Normal 6.00E+05 A 30 1.00 0.8

Effective Degrees of Freedom 2.00E+05

Coverage factor (95% Confidence) 1.98

Combined Standard Uncertainty 8 kNm

Expanded Uncertainty 15 kNm

Table 24. Uncertainty Analysis for Blade 2 Flap Bending

Estimated Distribution/Divis Sensitivity Degrees of Distribution Standard

Uncertainty Source Uncertainty Units Type
Value or Coefficient Freedom Divisor Uncertainty

Mass of blade 5800 50 kg Rectangular 1.03E+02 B inf 1.73 3.0

CG location of blade 10.6 0.1 m Rectangular 5.66E+04 B inf 1.73 3.3

tilt angle 5 0.2 deg Rectangular 5.25E+04 B inf 1.73 6.1

pitch angle 90 0.2 deg Rectangular 3.68E-11 B inf 1.73 0.0

Zero Calibration -5.799-04 5.729-07 V/V Normal 6.00E+05 A 29 1.00 0.3

Effective Degrees of Freedom 6.66E+07

Coverage factor (95% Confidence) 1.98

Combined Standard Uncertainty 8 kNm

Expanded Uncertainty 15 kNm

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 48 of 383

 Table 25. Uncertainty Analysis for Blade 3 Flap Bending

Estimated Distribution/Divis Sensitivity Degrees of Distribution Standard

Uncertainty Source Uncertainty Units Type
Value or Coefficient Freedom Divisor Uncertainty

Mass of blade 5800 50 kg Rectangular 1.03E+02 B inf 1.73 3.0

CG location of blade 10.6 0.1 m Rectangular 5.66E+04 B inf 1.73 3.3

tilt angle 5 0.2 deg Rectangular 5.25E+04 B inf 1.73 6.1

pitch angle 90 0.2 deg Rectangular 3.68E-11 B inf 1.73 0.0

Zero Calibration -5.799-04 5.729-07 V/V Normal 6.00E+05 A 29 1.00 0.3

Effective Degrees of Freedom 6.66E+07

Coverage factor (95% Confidence) 1.98

Combined Standard Uncertainty 8 kNm

Expanded Uncertainty 15 kNm

Table 26. Uncertainty Analysis for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending

Estimated Distribution/D Sensitivity Degrees of Distribution Standard

Uncertainty Source Uncertainty Units Type
Value ivisor Coefficient Freedom Divisor Uncertainty

Mass of blade 5800.0 50 kg Rectangular 1.03E+02 B inf 1.73 3.0

CG location of blade 10.6 0.1 m Rectangular 5.66E+04 B inf 1.73 3.3

tilt angle 5.0 0.2 deg Rectangular 5.25E+04 B inf 1.73 6.1

pitch angle 0.0 0.2 deg Rectangular 0.00E+00 B inf 1.73 0.0

Zero Calibration 8.51E-04 1.39E-06 V/V Normal 6.00E+05 A 28 1.00 0.8

Effective Degrees of Freedom 1.88E+05

Coverage factor (E5% Confidence) 1.E8

Combined Standard Uncertainty 8 kNm

Expanded Uncertainty 15 kNm

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 49 of 383

 Table 27. Uncertainty Analysis for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending

Estimated Distribution/D Sensitivity Degrees of Distribution Standard

Uncertainty Source Uncertainty Units Type
Value ivisor Coefficient Freedom Divisor Uncertainty

Mass of blade 5800.0 50 kg Rectangular 1.03E+02 B inf 1.73 3.0

CG location of blade 10.6 0.1 m Rectangular 5.66E+04 B inf 1.73 3.3

tilt angle 5.0 0.2 deg Rectangular 5.25E+04 B inf 1.73 6.1

pitch angle 0.0 0.2 deg Rectangular 0.00E+00 B inf 1.73 0.0

Zero Calibration -4.13E-06 5.73E-07 V/V Normal 6.00E+05 A 27 1.00 0.3

Effective Degrees of Freedom 6.15E+06

Coverage factor (E5% Confidence) 1.E8

Combined Standard Uncertainty 8 kNm

Expanded Uncertainty 15 kNm

Table 28. Uncertainty Analysis for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending

Estimated Distribution/D Sensitivity Degrees of Distribution Standard

Uncertainty Source Uncertainty Units Type
Value ivisor Coefficient Freedom Divisor Uncertainty

Mass of blade 5800.0 50 kg Rectangular 1.03E+02 B inf 1.73 3.0

CG location of blade 10.6 0.1 m Rectangular 5.66E+04 B inf 1.73 3.3

tilt angle 5.0 0.2 deg Rectangular 5.25E+04 B inf 1.73 6.1

pitch angle 0.0 0.2 deg Rectangular 0.00E+00 B inf 1.73 0.0

Zero Calibration -4.71E-04 4.58E-07 V/V Normal 6.00E+05 A 2E 1.00 0.3

Effective Degrees of Freedom 1.62E+07

Coverage factor (E5% Confidence) 1.E8

Combined Standard Uncertainty 8 kNm

Expanded Uncertainty 15 kNm

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 50 of 383

 Table 29. Main Shaft Bending 0 Uncertainty

Estimated Distribution/D Sensitivity Degrees of Distribution Standard

Uncertainty Source Uncertainty Units Type
Value ivisor Coefficient Freedom Divisor Uncertainty

Mass of blade 5800 50 kg Rectangular 103.48 B inf 1.73 3.0

CG location of blade 10.6 0.1 m Rectangular 56621.55 B inf 1.73 3.3

tilt angle 5 0.2 deg Rectangular 52509.68 B inf 1.73 6.1

pitch angle 0.5 0.2 deg Rectangular 5237.7651 B inf 1.73 0.6

Zero Calibration 8.519-04 2.069-05 V/V Normal 600188.44 A 219 1.00 12.4

Effective Degrees of Freedom 411 Mean Load at Rated (kNm) 298

Coverage factor (95% Confidence) 1.98 Standard Uncertainty at Rated 5%

Combined Standard Uncertainty 14.5 kNm Expanded Uncertainty at Rated 10%

Expanded Uncertainty 28.7 kNm

Table 30. Main Shaft Bending 90 Uncertainty

Estimated Distribution/D Degrees of Distribution Standard

Uncertainty Source Uncertainty Units Sensitivity Coefficient Type
Value ivisor Freedom Divisor Uncertainty

Modulus of Elasticty 2.1E+11 2.10E+10 Pa Rectangular 4.78E-06 B inf 1.73 58.0

Outer Diameter 0.581 0.001 m Rectangular 5.19E+06 B inf 1.73 3.0

Inner Diameter 0.04 0.001 m Rectangular 2.26E+03 B inf 1.73 0.0

Gage Factor 2.02 0.01 - Rectangular 1.00E+06 B inf 1.73 5.8

Gage Resistance 350 3.5 Ohms Rectangular 2.86E+03 B inf 1.73 5.8

Shunt Resistance 1.74E+05 1.74E+02 Ohms Rectangular 5.76E+00 B inf 1.73 0.6

Zero Calibration 1.629+00 0.0148 V/V Normal 6.68E+02 A 214 1.00 9.9

Effective Degrees of Freedom 443 Mean Load at Rated (kNm) 152

Coverage factor (95% Confidence) 1.98 Standard Uncertainty at Rated 8%

Combined Standard Uncertainty 11.9 kNm Expanded Uncertainty at Rated 15%

Expanded Uncertainty 23.5 kNm

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 51 of 383

 Table 31. Uncertainty Analysis for Main Shaft Torque

Estimated Distribution/D Degrees of Distribution Standard

Uncertainty Source Uncertainty Units Sensitivity Coefficient Type
Value ivisor Freedom Divisor Uncertainty

Modulus of Elasticty 2.1E+11 5.91E+09 Pa Rectangular 7.30E-06 B inf 1.73 24.9

Poisson Ratio 0.3 5.77E-03 m Rectangular 6.85E+05 B inf 1.73 2.3

Outer Diameter 0.581 0.001 m Rectangular 7.91E+06 B inf 1.73 4.6

Inner Diameter 0.04 0.001 m Rectangular 2.24E+03 B inf 1.73 0.0

Gage Factor 2.03 0.01 - Rectangular 4.38E+03 B inf 1.73 0.0

Gage Resistance 350 1 Ohms Rectangular 4.37E+03 B inf 1.73 2.5

Shunt Resistance 1.75E+05 1.75E+02 Ohms Rectangular 3.50E+01 B inf 1.73 3.5

Zero Calibration 1.499+00 1.549-02 V/V Normal 1.31E+03 A 75 1.00 20.2

Effective Degrees of Freedom 5.08E+03

Coverage factor (95% Confidence) 2.01

Combined Standard Uncertainty 33 kNm

Expanded Uncertainty 65 kNm

Table 32. Uncertainty Analysis for Tower-Top Torque

Estimated Degrees of Distribution Standard

Uncertainty Source Uncertainty Units Distribution/Divisor Sensitivity Coefficient Type
Value Freedom Divisor Uncertainty

2.1E+11 5.91E+09 Pa Rectangular 2.86E-05 B inf 1.73 97.5

Modulus of Elasticty

0.3 5.77E-03 m Rectangular 2.64E+07 B inf 1.73 87.9

Poisson Ratio

2.858 1.00E-03 m Rectangular 2.52E+08 B inf 1.73 145.7

Outer Diameter

2.810 1.00E-03 m Rectangular 1.58E+08 B inf 1.73 91.5

Inner Diameter

2.02 0.000202 - Rectangular 3.43E+04 B inf 1.73 0.0

Gage Factor

350 1.4 Ohms Rectangular 3.42E+04 B inf 1.73 27.7

Gage Resistance

Shunt Resistance 1.75E+05 1.75E+01 Ohms Rectangular 2.74E+02 B 69 1.73 2.8

4.369-06 7.969-06 V/V Normal 2.44E+07 A 69 1.00 194.2

Zero Calibration

Effective Degrees of Freedom 286

Coverage factor (95% Confidence) 1.96

Combined Standard Uncertainty 277 kNm

Expanded Uncertainty 543 kNm

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 52 of 383

 Table 33. Uncertainty Analysis for Tower-Top Bending 1

Estimated Distribution/D Degrees of Distribution Standard

Uncertainty Source Uncertainty Units Sensitivity Coefficient Type
Value ivisor Freedom Divisor Uncertainty

Nacelle + Rotor Mass 87000 2.50E+03 Pa Rectangular 7.83E-01 B inf 1.73 1.1

Nacelle + Rotor
Center of Gravity 1.107 0.1 m Rectangular 6.15E+04 B inf 1.73 3.6

Yaw Angle
Measurement 45 2 deg Rectangular 6.81E+04 B inf 1.73 78.6

Zero Calibration 3.25E-05 1.93E-06 V/V Normal 5.08E+07 A 217 1.00 E8.2

Effective Degrees of Freedom 586 Mean Load at Rated (kNm) 12000

Coverage factor (E5% Confidence) 1.E8 Standard Uncertainty at Rated 1%

Combined Standard Uncertainty 125.8 kNm Expanded Uncertainty at Rated 2%

Expanded Uncertainty 24E.6 kNm

Table 34. Uncertainty Analysis for Tower-Top Bending 2

Estimated Distribution/D Degrees of Distribution Standard

Uncertainty Source Uncertainty Units Sensitivity Coefficient Type
Value ivisor Freedom Divisor Uncertainty

Nacelle + Rotor Mass 87000 2.50E+03 Pa Rectangular 7.83E-01 B inf 1.73 1.1

Nacelle + Rotor
Center of Gravity 1.107 0.1 m Rectangular 6.15E+04 B inf 1.73 3.6

Yaw Angle
Measurement 45 2 deg Rectangular 6.81E+04 B inf 1.73 78.6

Zero Calibration 3.04E-04 1.80E-06 V/V Normal 5.27E+07 A 217 1.00 E4.6

Effective Degrees of Freedom 622 Mean Load at Rated (kNm) 12000

Coverage factor (E5% Confidence) 1.E8 Standard Uncertainty at Rated 1%

Combined Standard Uncertainty 123.1 kNm Expanded Uncertainty at Rated 2%

Expanded Uncertainty 244.2 kNm

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 53 of 383

 Table 35. Uncertainty Analysis for Tower-Base Bending 1

Estimated Distribution/D Degrees of Distribution Standard

Uncertainty Source Uncertainty Units Sensitivity Coefficient Type
Value ivisor Freedom Divisor Uncertainty

Nacelle + Rotor Mass 87000 2.50E+03 Pa Rectangular 7.83E-01 B inf 1.73 1.1

Nacelle + Rotor
Center of Gravity 1.107 0.1 m Rectangular 6.15E+04 B inf 1.73 3.6

Yaw Angle
Measurement 45 2 deg Rectangular 6.81E+04 B inf 1.73 78.6

Zero Calibration 3.04E-04 1.80E-06 V/V Normal 5.27E+07 A 217 1.00 E4.6

Effective Degrees of Freedom 622 Mean Load at Rated (kNm) 12000

Coverage factor (E5% Confidence) 1.E8 Standard Uncertainty at Rated 1%

Combined Standard Uncertainty 123.1 kNm Expanded Uncertainty at Rated 2%

Expanded Uncertainty 244.2 kNm

Table 36. Uncertainty Analysis for Tower-Base Bending 2

Estimated Distribution/D Degrees of Distribution Standard

Uncertainty Source Uncertainty Units Sensitivity Coefficient Type
Value ivisor Freedom Divisor Uncertainty

Nacelle + Rotor Mass 87000 2.50E+03 Pa Rectangular 7.83E-01 B inf 1.73 1.1

Nacelle + Rotor
Center of Gravity 1.107 0.1 m Rectangular 6.15E+04 B inf 1.73 3.6

Yaw Angle
Measurement 45 2 deg Rectangular 6.81E+04 B inf 1.73 78.6

Zero Calibration 3.25E-05 1.93E-06 V/V Normal 5.08E+07 A 217 1.00 E8.2

Effective Degrees of Freedom 586 Mean Load at Rated (kNm) 12000

Coverage factor (E5% Confidence) 1.E8 Standard Uncertainty at Rated 1%

Combined Standard Uncertainty 125.8 kNm Expanded Uncertainty at Rated 2%

Expanded Uncertainty 24E.6 kNm

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 54 of 383

11 Exceptions
11.1 Exceptions to the Test Plan
The exceptions to the test plan include the following:

• Power signal is taken from the SCADA not from the NREL sensor.
• Main shaft gages upwind of main bearing were not used in analysis because of poor
signal quality. Only results from the gages downwind of the bearing are shown.
• Tower-top gages were placed at a different location than what was specified.
• Loads channels were recorded at 100 Hz instead of 50 Hz.

11.2 Exceptions to the Standard

None.

11.3 Exceptions to NWTC Quality Assurance System

Four signal conditioning modules (sn: 1342666, 1357162, 1357177, and 136D7A2) were used
past their calibration due date. Post-test calibrations were performed and the modules were found
to be within tolerance. The post-test calibration sheets are included in Appendix I.

• Details of sensor used for rotor speed and azimuth not documented
• Details on lot or batch number for strain gages not documented.

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 55 of 383

References
1. “Wind Turbine Generator Systems – Part 13: Measurement of Mechanical Loads.” TS
IEC 61400-13 first edition, 2001-06.
2. “ASTM E 1049-85 (Reapproved 1997), Standard practices for cycle counting in fatigue
analysis.” Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Vol. 03.01, Philadelphia, PA. 1999; pp. 710-
718.
3. “Wind turbines – Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity producing
wind turbines,” TS IEC 61400-13 First edition, 2005-12

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 56 of 383

Appendix A. Result Plots and Tables
Turbulence Intensity
50

45

40

35

30
Turbulence Intensity (%)

25

20

15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 19. Turbulence intensity

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 57 of 383

Wind Speed Trend Detection
Turbulence Intensity

60
Baseline
De-Trended
50

40
Turbulence Intensity (%)

30

20

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

20
De-Trended Turbulence Intensity (%)

15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Turbulence Intensity (% )

Figure 20. Indication of presence of wind speed trending in data set

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 58 of 383

Air Density
1.04

1.03

1.02

1.01
Air Density (kg/m3)

0.99

0.98

0.97

0.96

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)
Figure 21. Scatterplot versus wind speed for air density

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 59 of 383

Global Capture Matrix with All Loads Channels Operating
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 22. Global capture matrix with all loads channels operating

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 60 of 383

Power Production Data
Electric Power
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 23. Capture matrix for electric power

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 61 of 383

 1800

1600

1400

1200
Electric Power (kW)

1000

800

600

400 Min
Mean
200
Max
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

500

450
Standard Deviation for Electric Power (kW)

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 24. Scatterplot for electric power

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 62 of 383

 Table 37. Binned Data for Electric Power

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 -9.79 66.25 225.65
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 -12.18 106.94 517.22
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 -10.13 210.57 1,317.44
4 6.0 7.0 6.6 25 -39.33 339.20 1,191.74
5 7.0 8.0 7.4 28 -11.68 485.76 1,847.05
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 19 23.94 720.79 1,626.33
7 9.0 10.0 9.5 24 160.79 947.77 1,843.93
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 16 327.61 1,187.95 1,850.85
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 26 158.81 1,269.56 1,860.77
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 24 270.11 1,412.08 1,856.71
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 31 581.65 1,471.84 1,857.82
12 14.0 15.0 14.5 32 850.05 1,485.22 1,863.80
13 15.0 16.0 15.3 14 824.09 1,507.02 1,861.46
14 16.0 17.0 16.6 14 935.38 1,509.50 1,873.11
15 17.0 18.0 17.5 11 1,201.41 1,508.14 1,872.26
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 17 1,202.73 1,514.55 1,895.27
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 13 1,205.37 1,512.38 1,892.58
18 20.0 21.0 20.4 10 1,194.92 1,508.22 1,883.35
19 21.0 22.0 21.4 3 1,205.34 1,497.59 1,870.25
20 22.0 23.0 22.8 4 1,206.54 1,503.80 1,880.97
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 63 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Electric Power at V=7.4m/s
300

250
Electric Power(kW)

200

150

100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Electric Power at V=14.0m/s
1600

1400
Electric Power(kW)

1200

1000

800
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Electric Power at V=18.3m/s
2000

1800
Electric Power(kW)

1600

1400

1200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Electric Power at V=19.8m/s
2000

1800
Electric Power(kW)

1600

1400

1200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 25. Time series for the first 60 seconds of electric power

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 64 of 383

Rotor Speed
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 26. Capture matrix for rotor speed

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 65 of 383

 19

18

17
Rotor Speed (rpm)

16

15

14

13 Min
12 Mean
Max
11
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

2.5
Standard Deviation for Rotor Speed (rpm)

1.5

0.5

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 27. Scatterplot for rotor speed

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 66 of 383

 Table 38. Binned Data for Rotor Speed

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 11.01 11.47 13.55
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 10.94 11.81 17.90
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 10.73 12.95 18.78
4 6.0 7.0 6.6 25 10.86 14.97 18.77
5 7.0 8.0 7.4 28 10.75 16.49 19.14
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 19 11.02 17.79 18.82
7 9.0 10.0 9.5 24 11.96 18.14 19.13
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 16 15.38 18.27 19.24
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 26 11.89 18.28 19.31
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 24 13.92 18.33 19.19
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 31 17.43 18.34 19.26
12 14.0 15.0 14.5 32 17.24 18.33 19.33
13 15.0 16.0 15.3 14 16.95 18.34 19.46
14 16.0 17.0 16.6 14 17.47 18.34 19.69
15 17.0 18.0 17.5 11 17.30 18.34 19.47
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 17 17.02 18.33 19.72
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 13 16.74 18.32 19.74
18 20.0 21.0 20.4 10 16.96 18.32 19.81
19 21.0 22.0 21.4 3 16.75 18.31 19.58
20 22.0 23.0 22.8 4 16.90 18.31 19.66
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 67 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Rotor Speed at V=7.4m/s
14
Rotor Speed(rpm)

13

12

11
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Rotor Speed at V=14.0m/s
19

18.8
Rotor Speed(rpm)

18.6

18.4

18.2

18
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Rotor Speed at V=18.3m/s
19.5

19
Rotor Speed(rpm)

18.5

18

17.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Rotor Speed at V=19.8m/s
19.5

19
Rotor Speed(rpm)

18.5

18

17.5

17
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 28. Time series for first 60 seconds of rotor speed

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 68 of 383

Generator Speed
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 29. Capture matrix for generator speed

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 69 of 383

 1500

1400
Generator Speed (m/s)

1300

1200

1100

1000 Min
Mean
900 Max

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)
Standard Deviation for Generator Speed (m/s)

200

150

100

50

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 30. Scatterplot for generator speed

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 70 of 383

 Table 39. Binned Data for Generator Speed

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 865.03 899.82 1,061.93
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 859.37 926.92 1,405.25
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 842.67 1,016.34 1,470.99
4 6.0 7.0 6.6 25 853.26 1,174.66 1,471.56
5 7.0 8.0 7.4 28 844.42 1,293.91 1,500.82
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 19 865.89 1,396.05 1,477.11
7 9.0 10.0 9.5 24 938.25 1,423.13 1,500.32
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 16 1,206.48 1,433.37 1,508.48
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 26 933.37 1,434.42 1,518.60
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 24 1,117.66 1,437.86 1,505.47
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 31 1,369.41 1,438.76 1,514.34
12 14.0 15.0 14.5 32 1,349.41 1,438.56 1,520.02
13 15.0 16.0 15.3 14 1,333.95 1,439.21 1,533.76
14 16.0 17.0 16.6 14 1,366.13 1,438.79 1,542.22
15 17.0 18.0 17.5 11 1,356.20 1,438.66 1,533.13
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 17 1,332.81 1,438.39 1,551.20
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 13 1,311.71 1,437.64 1,562.34
18 20.0 21.0 20.4 10 1,324.28 1,437.68 1,557.21
19 21.0 22.0 21.4 3 1,310.50 1,436.28 1,548.40
20 22.0 23.0 22.8 4 1,323.80 1,436.96 1,546.62
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 71 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Generator Speed at V=7.4m/s
1100

1050
Generator Speed(m/s)

1000

950

900

850
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Generator Speed at V=14.0m/s
1480
Generator Speed(m/s)

1460

1440

1420

1400
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Generator Speed at V=18.3m/s
1550
Generator Speed(m/s)

1500

1450

1400

1350
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Generator Speed at V=19.8m/s
1550

1500
Generator Speed(m/s)

1450

1400

1350

1300
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 31. Time series for the first 60 seconds of generator speed

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 72 of 383

 Blade 1 Pitch Position
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 32. Capture matrix for blade 1 pitch position

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 73 of 383

 30
Min
25 Mean
Max
Blade 1 Pitch Position (deg)

20

15

10

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)
Standard Deviation for Blade 1 Pitch Position (deg)

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 33. Scatterplot for blade 1 pitch position

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 74 of 383

 Table 40. Binned Data for Blade 1 Pitch Position

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 -2.05 -1.33 -0.94
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 -2.13 -1.33 -0.84
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 -2.12 -1.70 5.89
4 6.0 7.0 6.6 25 -2.20 -1.91 17.01
5 7.0 8.0 7.4 28 -2.29 -1.90 15.12
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 19 -2.13 -1.89 1.84
7 9.0 10.0 9.5 24 -2.35 -1.49 10.30
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 16 -2.24 0.21 14.62
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 26 -2.25 1.60 18.86
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 24 -2.26 4.12 22.79
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 31 -2.29 6.84 17.43
12 14.0 15.0 14.5 32 -2.29 9.35 18.87
13 15.0 16.0 15.3 14 -2.18 10.82 19.74
14 16.0 17.0 16.6 14 -2.14 13.11 22.66
15 17.0 18.0 17.5 11 2.41 14.85 23.28
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 17 2.91 16.63 25.62
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 13 1.05 17.99 28.86
18 20.0 21.0 20.4 10 7.40 19.24 30.82
19 21.0 22.0 21.4 3 10.85 20.99 28.73
20 22.0 23.0 22.8 4 13.39 22.30 30.50
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 75 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Blade 1 Pitch Position at V=7.4m/s
-1
Blade 1 Pitch Position(deg)
-1.5

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 1 Pitch Position at V=14.0m/s
4
Blade 1 Pitch Position(deg)

-2

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 1 Pitch Position at V=18.3m/s
20
Blade 1 Pitch Position(deg)

15

10

5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 1 Pitch Position at V=19.8m/s
30
Blade 1 Pitch Position(deg)

25

20

15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 34. Time series for the first 60 seconds of blade 1 pitch position

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 76 of 383

 Blade 2 Pitch Position
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 35. Capture matrix for blade 2 pitch position

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 77 of 383

 30
Min
25 Mean
Max
Blade 2 Pitch Position (deg)

20

15

10

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)
Standard Deviation for Blade 2 Pitch Position (deg)

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 36. Scatterplot for blade 2 pitch position

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 78 of 383

 Table 41. Binned Data for Blade 2 Pitch Position

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 -2.13 -1.38 -0.97
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 -2.13 -1.37 -0.82
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 -2.15 -1.68 5.88
4 6.0 7.0 6.6 25 -2.21 -2.00 16.89
5 7.0 8.0 7.4 28 -2.26 -1.98 15.09
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 19 -2.11 -1.99 1.83
7 9.0 10.0 9.5 24 -2.31 -1.50 10.41
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 16 -2.19 0.21 14.59
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 26 -2.19 1.60 18.85
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 24 -2.25 4.12 22.79
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 31 -2.30 6.84 17.43
12 14.0 15.0 14.5 32 -2.25 9.34 18.81
13 15.0 16.0 15.3 14 -2.20 10.81 19.72
14 16.0 17.0 16.6 14 -2.14 13.11 22.65
15 17.0 18.0 17.5 11 2.40 14.85 23.29
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 17 2.99 16.63 25.61
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 13 1.02 17.99 28.86
18 20.0 21.0 20.4 10 7.36 19.24 30.95
19 21.0 22.0 21.4 3 10.79 20.99 28.69
20 22.0 23.0 22.8 4 13.36 22.30 30.40
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 79 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Blade 2 Pitch Position at V=7.4m/s
-1
Blade 2 Pitch Position(deg)
-1.5

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 2 Pitch Position at V=14.0m/s
4
Blade 2 Pitch Position(deg)

-2

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 2 Pitch Position at V=18.3m/s
20
Blade 2 Pitch Position(deg)

15

10

5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 2 Pitch Position at V=19.8m/s
30
Blade 2 Pitch Position(deg)

25

20

15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 37. Time series for the first 60 seconds of blade 2 pitch position

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 80 of 383

Blade 3 Pitch Position
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 38. Capture matrix for blade 3 pitch position

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 81 of 383

 30
Min
25 Mean
Max
Blade 3 Pitch Position (deg)

20

15

10

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)
Standard Deviation for Blade 3 Pitch Position (deg)

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 39. Scatterplot for blade 3 pitch position

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 82 of 383

 Table 42. Binned Data for Blade 3 Pitch Position

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 -2.04 -1.30 -0.89
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 -2.10 -1.37 -0.88
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 -2.15 -1.69 5.86
4 6.0 7.0 6.6 25 -2.23 -2.03 16.96
5 7.0 8.0 7.4 28 -2.26 -1.99 15.07
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 19 -2.11 -1.87 1.84
7 9.0 10.0 9.5 24 -2.31 -1.48 10.25
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 16 -2.20 0.21 14.60
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 26 -2.26 1.60 18.84
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 24 -2.24 4.13 22.83
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 31 -2.31 6.84 17.43
12 14.0 15.0 14.5 32 -2.25 9.34 18.79
13 15.0 16.0 15.3 14 -2.15 10.82 19.71
14 16.0 17.0 16.6 14 -2.10 13.11 22.65
15 17.0 18.0 17.5 11 2.41 14.85 23.30
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 17 2.91 16.63 25.59
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 13 1.00 17.99 28.82
18 20.0 21.0 20.4 10 7.37 19.24 30.91
19 21.0 22.0 21.4 3 10.77 20.99 28.69
20 22.0 23.0 22.8 4 13.37 22.30 30.41
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 83 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Blade 3 Pitch Position at V=7.4m/s
-1
Blade 3 Pitch Position(deg)
-1.5

-2

-2.5

-3

-3.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 3 Pitch Position at V=14.0m/s
4
Blade 3 Pitch Position(deg)

-2

-4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 3 Pitch Position at V=18.3m/s
20
Blade 3 Pitch Position(deg)

15

10

5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 3 Pitch Position at V=19.8m/s
30
Blade 3 Pitch Position(deg)

25

20

15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 40. Time series for the first 60 seconds of blade 3 pitch position

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 84 of 383

Nacelle Yaw Angle
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 41. Capture matrix for nacelle yaw angle

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 85 of 383

 310

300

290

280
Nacelle Yaw Angle (deg)

270

260

250

240

230
min
mean
220
max

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s)
Figure 42. Vector average for nacelle yaw angle

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 86 of 383

Tower-Top Normal Acceleration
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 43. Capture matrix for tower-top normal acceleration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 87 of 383

 8
Min
6 Mean
Tower-Top Normal Acceleration (g)

Max
4

-2

-4

-6

-8

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)
Standard Deviation for Tower-Top Normal Acceleration (g)

0.08

0.07

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 44. Scatterplot for tower-top normal acceleration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 88 of 383

 Table 43. Binned Data for Tower-Top Normal Acceleration

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 -0.10 -0.00 0.20
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 -0.13 -0.00 0.15
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 -0.21 0.00 0.17
4 6.0 7.0 6.6 25 -0.15 -0.00 3.86
5 7.0 8.0 7.4 26 -6.87 0.00 7.91
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 17 -8.31 -0.00 9.04
7 9.0 10.0 9.5 24 -7.90 0.00 9.28
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 16 -8.19 0.00 9.20
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 25 -2.48 -0.00 9.22
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 24 -5.26 -0.00 7.91
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 30 -7.90 -0.00 7.93
12 14.0 15.0 14.5 29 -9.52 0.00 1.30
13 15.0 16.0 15.2 13 -0.52 -0.00 1.23
14 16.0 17.0 16.6 14 -7.89 0.00 1.26
15 17.0 18.0 17.5 11 -1.28 0.00 8.94
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 17 -0.21 0.00 1.30
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 13 -6.53 -0.00 5.26
18 20.0 21.0 20.4 10 -3.79 -0.00 1.24
19 21.0 22.0 21.4 3 -0.22 -0.00 9.20
20 22.0 23.0 22.8 4 -2.61 -0.00 7.93
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 89 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Normal Acceleration at V=7.4m/s
0.04
Tower-Top Normal Acceleration(g)

0.02

-0.02

-0.04
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Normal Acceleration at V=14.0m/s
0.1
Tower-Top Normal Acceleration(g)

0.05

-0.05

-0.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Normal Acceleration at V=18.3m/s
0.2
Tower-Top Normal Acceleration(g)

0.1

-0.1

-0.2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Normal Acceleration at V=19.8m/s
0.1
Tower-Top Normal Acceleration(g)

0.05

-0.05

-0.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 45. Time series for the first 60 seconds of tower-top normal acceleration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 90 of 383

 -2
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Normal Acceleration at V=7.4m/s
10
Tower-Top Normal Acceleration(g)
-4
10

-6
10

-8
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
-3
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Normal Acceleration at V=14.0m/s
10
Tower-Top Normal Acceleration(g)

-4
10

-5
10

-6
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
-2
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Normal Acceleration at V=18.3m/s
10
Tower-Top Normal Acceleration(g)

-4
10

-6
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
-2
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Normal Acceleration at V=19.8m/s
10
Tower-Top Normal Acceleration(g)

-4
10

-6
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 46. Power spectral density of tower-top normal acceleration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 91 of 383

Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 47. Capture matrix for tower-top lateral acceleration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 92 of 383

 8 Min
Mean
6
Max
Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration (g)

-2

-4

-6

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)
Standard Deviation for Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration (g)

0.07

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 48. Scatterplot for tower-top lateral acceleration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 93 of 383

 Table 44. Binned Data for Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 -0.10 -0.00 0.11
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 -0.13 0.00 0.14
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 -0.13 0.00 0.27
4 6.0 7.0 6.6 25 -5.59 -0.00 3.97
5 7.0 8.0 7.4 28 -6.49 -0.00 9.81
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 19 -5.59 0.00 7.81
7 9.0 10.0 9.5 24 -3.93 0.00 9.29
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 16 -7.86 0.00 5.19
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 26 -5.25 0.00 3.96
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 23 -1.32 0.00 1.33
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 30 -5.26 0.00 2.61
12 14.0 15.0 14.5 32 -7.97 -0.00 9.47
13 15.0 16.0 15.3 14 -5.25 0.00 1.30
14 16.0 17.0 16.6 14 -2.64 0.00 9.70
15 17.0 18.0 17.5 11 -5.24 -0.00 4.04
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 17 -1.23 -0.00 5.20
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 11 -0.20 -0.00 1.33
18 20.0 21.0 20.4 10 -1.27 0.00 0.56
19 21.0 22.0 21.4 3 -2.65 -0.00 3.97
20 22.0 23.0 22.8 4 -1.30 0.00 0.54
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 94 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration at V=7.4m/s
0.04
Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration(g)

0.02

-0.02

-0.04
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration at V=14.0m/s
0.1
Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration(g)

0.05

-0.05

-0.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration at V=18.3m/s
0.2
Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration(g)

0.1

-0.1

-0.2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration at V=19.8m/s
0.1
Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration(g)

0.05

-0.05

-0.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 49. Time series for the first 60 seconds of tower-top lateral acceleration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 95 of 383

 -2
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration at V=7.4m/s
10
Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration(g)
-4
10

-6
10

-8
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
-3
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration at V=14.0m/s
10
Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration(g)

-4
10

-5
10

-6
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
-3
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration at V=18.3m/s
10
Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration(g)

-4
10

-5
10

-6
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
-2
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration at V=19.8m/s
10
Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration(g)

-4
10

-6
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 50. Power spectral density of tower-top lateral acceleration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 96 of 383

Blade 1 Flap Bending
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 51. Capture matrix for blade 1 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 97 of 383

 2500

2000

1500
Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm)

1000

500

-500
Min
-1000
Mean
-1500 Max

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

450
Standard Deviation for Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm)

400

350

300

250

200

150

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 52. Scatterplot for blade 1 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 98 of 383

 Table 45. Binned Data for Blade 1 Flap Bending

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 102.18 453.70 934.87
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 100.28 588.47 1,663.66
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 113.62 768.68 2,455.97
4 6.0 7.0 6.5 17 -324.48 954.60 2,155.97
5 7.0 8.0 7.4 12 106.51 1,163.35 2,552.83
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 10 268.28 1,411.67 2,381.82
7 9.0 10.0 9.4 12 516.82 1,563.62 2,379.22
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 10 137.27 1,598.81 2,478.26
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 14 6.85 1,536.73 2,758.26
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 16 -217.60 1,479.41 2,640.94
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 21 -249.37 1,338.34 2,824.99
12 14.0 15.0 14.4 24 -267.32 1,210.77 2,711.50
13 15.0 16.0 15.2 10 -48.04 1,155.72 2,819.53
14 16.0 17.0 16.5 10 -455.31 1,058.57 2,819.28
15 17.0 18.0 17.4 7 -550.73 963.81 2,296.99
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 13 -944.26 901.67 2,798.18
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 7 -976.86 872.61 2,786.56
18 20.0 21.0 20.3 5 -1,976.12 821.11 2,619.03
19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
20 22.0 23.0 22.6 2 -1,306.22 692.32 2,191.29
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 99 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Blade 1 Flap Bending at V=7.4m/s
1500
Blade 1 Flap Bending(kNm)

1000

500

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 1 Flap Bending at V=14.0m/s
2500
Blade 1 Flap Bending(kNm)

2000

1500

1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 1 Flap Bending at V=18.3m/s
3000
Blade 1 Flap Bending(kNm)

2000

1000

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 1 Flap Bending at V=19.8m/s
2000
Blade 1 Flap Bending(kNm)

1500

1000

500

-500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 53. Time series for the first 60 seconds of blade 1 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 100 of 383

 Damage Equiv Load for Blade 1 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Damage Equiv Load for Blade 1 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=6)

1200 1600

1100
1400
1000
DEL Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm)

DEL Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm)

900 1200

800
1000
700

600 800

500
600
400

300 400

200

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Damage Equiv Load for Blade 1 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Damage Equiv Load for Blade 1 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=10)
2400
2000
2200
1800
2000
1600
DEL Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm)

DEL Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm)

1800

1400 1600

1200 1400

1200
1000
1000
800
800
600
600
400
400
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s) Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 54. Damage equivalent load (DEL) (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 1 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 101 of 383

 Binned DEL for Blade 1 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Binned DEL for Blade 1 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=6)

Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3) Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm) 1200 1600

Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=6) Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm)

1100
1400
1000

900 1200

800
1000
700

600 800

500
600
400
Min Min
300 Mean 400 Mean
200 Max Max

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Binned DEL for Blade 1 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Binned DEL for Blade 1 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=10)
2400
2000
Min
2200
Mean
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=10) Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm)
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=9) Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm)

1800
2000 Max

1600
1800

1400 1600

1200 1400

1200
1000
1000
800
800
600 Min
Mean 600
400 Max
400
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 55. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 1 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 102 of 383

 Table 46. Binned Damage Equivalent Load (DEL) Data for Blade 1 Flap Bending
Bin Bin Bin Mean # Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of
# WS WS WS Files Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del
Low High (m=3) (m=3) (m=3) (m=6) (m=6) (m=6) (m=9) (m=9) (m=9)

1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 178.79 178.79 178.79 262.69 262.69 262.69 410.01 410.01 410.01

2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 211.22 284.47 333.84 280.05 418.60 502.45 410.53 632.00 757.57

3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 147.91 368.15 551.59 207.39 534.43 789.55 319.45 790.17 1,165.34

4 6.0 7.0 6.5 17 210.59 328.01 563.47 319.16 471.10 825.39 492.25 697.48 1,239.57

5 7.0 8.0 7.4 12 246.67 386.79 619.80 342.51 541.52 880.53 485.13 789.51 1,263.47

6 8.0 9.0 8.4 10 279.20 360.72 500.83 344.81 496.36 722.73 441.52 723.41 1,069.89

7 9.0 10.0 9.4 12 308.60 420.28 539.39 379.07 535.68 704.01 496.88 721.11 972.98

8 10.0 11.0 10.6 10 292.33 501.32 630.17 349.87 632.76 819.12 440.33 837.95 1,154.60

9 11.0 12.0 11.4 14 474.76 591.87 683.00 606.75 762.39 871.48 827.37 1,035.24 1,221.47

10 12.0 13.0 12.5 16 484.41 581.46 765.39 623.70 746.25 979.12 842.85 1,019.47 1,385.57

11 13.0 14.0 13.5 21 526.54 635.00 770.95 690.57 825.06 1,055.65 907.90 1,135.75 1,545.89

12 14.0 15.0 14.4 24 495.63 667.81 781.18 635.49 864.69 1,018.92 906.20 1,184.93 1,407.34

13 15.0 16.0 15.2 10 572.59 670.30 823.58 717.98 840.38 1,055.19 919.12 1,104.00 1,439.66

14 16.0 17.0 16.5 10 629.41 797.09 991.61 764.03 987.03 1,290.04 961.44 1,275.00 1,766.99

15 17.0 18.0 17.4 7 676.60 804.90 879.11 820.81 991.50 1,087.95 1,039.36 1,273.53 1,440.68

16 18.0 19.0 18.6 13 783.99 951.29 1,199.69 944.09 1,173.42 1,478.75 1,197.81 1,510.94 1,895.50

17 19.0 20.0 19.6 7 848.89 1,056.11 1,199.84 1,017.94 1,310.52 1,538.38 1,252.37 1,691.42 2,047.54

18 20.0 21.0 20.3 5 888.85 1,097.95 1,280.82 1,062.56 1,369.22 1,699.82 1,326.38 1,787.20 2,402.10

19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 22.0 23.0 22.6 2 1,058.63 1,089.59 1,120.55 1,305.10 1,338.85 1,372.60 1,733.22 1,747.36 1,761.51

21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 103 of 383

 20-year Fatigue Load Spectrum for Blade 1 Flap Bending
5000
Class II
4500 Class III

4000
Fatigue Range for Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm)

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Cumulative Rainflow Cycles

Figure 56. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for blade 1 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 104 of 383

 Azimuth Binning for Blade 1 Flap Bending at V=7.4m/s

Blade 1 Flap Bending(kNm)

1500
min
mean
1000 max
std
500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Blade 1 Flap Bending at V=14.0m/s

2500
Blade 1 Flap Bending(kNm)

2000
min
1500 mean
max
1000
std
500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Blade 1 Flap Bending at V=18.3m/s
2000
Blade 1 Flap Bending(kNm)

1500
min
1000 mean
max
500 std

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Blade 1 Flap Bending at V=19.8m/s

2000
Blade 1 Flap Bending(kNm)

1500
min
1000 mean
max
500
std
0
-500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Rotor Azimuth Position

Figure 57. Azimuth binning for blade 1 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 105 of 383

 10
Power Spectral Density of Blade 1 Flap Bending at V=7.4m/s
10
Blade 1 Flap Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Blade 1 Flap Bending at V=14.0m/s
10
Blade 1 Flap Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Blade 1 Flap Bending at V=18.3m/s
10
Blade 1 Flap Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Blade 1 Flap Bending at V=19.8m/s
10
Blade 1 Flap Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 58. Power spectral density of blade 1 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 106 of 383

Blade 1 Leadlag Bending
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 59. Capture matrix for blade 1 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 107 of 383

 Min
1000
Mean
Max
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

500

-500

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

500
Standard Deviation for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

490

480

470

460

450

440

430

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 60. Scatterplot for blade 1 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 108 of 383

 Table 47. Binned Data for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 -753.36 -83.86 636.35
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 -767.34 13.54 992.06
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 -774.85 64.53 1,184.77
4 6.0 7.0 6.5 17 -810.33 65.99 1,137.95
5 7.0 8.0 7.4 12 -865.58 122.07 1,154.58
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 9 -713.46 149.90 1,183.86
7 9.0 10.0 9.4 12 -854.78 182.12 1,176.56
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 10 -901.60 207.55 1,329.01
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 14 -853.02 199.14 1,274.90
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 15 -888.11 192.47 1,206.00
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 20 -857.27 134.76 1,217.10
12 14.0 15.0 14.4 24 -837.90 129.37 1,252.52
13 15.0 16.0 15.2 10 -902.57 87.43 1,261.17
14 16.0 17.0 16.5 10 -931.56 91.13 1,272.30
15 17.0 18.0 17.4 7 -915.32 76.50 1,204.69
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 13 -920.76 78.31 1,220.67
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 7 -954.02 75.37 1,253.16
18 20.0 21.0 20.3 5 -903.10 122.26 1,321.16
19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
20 22.0 23.0 22.6 2 -778.01 76.80 1,028.39
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 109 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Blade 1 Leadlag Bending at V=7.4m/s
1000
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 1 Leadlag Bending at V=14.0m/s
1500
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

1000

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 1 Leadlag Bending at V=18.3m/s
1000
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 1 Leadlag Bending at V=19.8m/s
1000
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 61. Time series for the first 60 seconds of blade 1 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 110 of 383

 Damage Equiv Load for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Damage Equiv Load for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=6)

1250
1100

1200

DEL Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

DEL Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1050

1150
1000

1100
950

1050
900

1000

850
950
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Damage Equiv Load for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Damage Equiv Load for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=10)

1350
1400

1300
1350
DEL Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

DEL Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1250
1300

1200 1250

1150 1200

1100 1150

1050 1100

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s) Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 62. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 1 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 111 of 383

 Binned DEL for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Binned DEL for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=6)

1250

Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=6) Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3) Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)
1100

1200
1050

1150
1000

1100
Min Min
950
Mean Mean
Max 1050 Max
900

1000

850
950
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Binned DEL for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Binned DEL for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=10)

1350
1400
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=10) Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=9) Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1300
1350

1250
1300

1200 1250

1150 1200

1100 1150
Min Min
Mean Mean
1050 1100
Max Max

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 63. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 1 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 112 of 383

 Table 48. Binned DEL Data for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending
Bin Bin Bin Mean # Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of
# WS WS WS Files Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del
Low High (m=3) (m=3) (m=3) (m=6) (m=6) (m=6) (m=9) (m=9) (m=9)

1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 826.44 826.44 826.44 949.87 949.87 949.87 1,063.53 1,063.53 1,063.53

2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 828.11 857.41 882.81 952.74 984.50 1,010.39 1,067.25 1,103.74 1,130.93

3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 841.67 902.77 961.08 964.40 1,029.74 1,086.80 1,076.03 1,150.08 1,217.39

4 6.0 7.0 6.5 17 882.72 955.47 991.68 1,004.37 1,076.26 1,119.42 1,115.16 1,187.38 1,244.36

5 7.0 8.0 7.4 12 945.41 999.09 1031.39 1,072.40 1,118.82 1,148.25 1,189.99 1,230.63 1,286.03

6 8.0 9.0 8.4 10 1,014.24 1,038.96 1,086.53 1,129.61 1,154.10 1,210.03 1,228.91 1,260.04 1,327.19

7 9.0 10.0 9.4 12 1,045.99 1,072.33 1,121.76 1,157.17 1,190.12 1,249.82 1,257.91 1,300.76 1,376.70

8 10.0 11.0 10.6 10 1,062.73 1,099.82 1,130.18 1,175.31 1,221.69 1,257.05 1,276.55 1,339.44 1,386.56

9 11.0 12.0 11.4 14 1,052.05 1,101.30 1,135.55 1,170.94 1,224.88 1,262.01 1,286.23 1,346.60 1,388.55

10 12.0 13.0 12.5 16 1,060.61 1,099.27 1,131.51 1,182.38 1,222.66 1,262.69 1,302.05 1,343.43 1,396.40

11 13.0 14.0 13.5 21 1,060.82 1,095.55 1,123.07 1,177.73 1,218.67 1,247.64 1,289.70 1,340.17 1,378.74

12 14.0 15.0 14.4 24 1,044.72 1,077.46 1,107.37 1,163.02 1,199.42 1,233.17 1,270.24 1,321.63 1,368.31

13 15.0 16.0 15.2 10 1,034.73 1,063.40 1,117.10 1,150.04 1,183.06 1,245.71 1,260.07 1,302.31 1,375.95

14 16.0 17.0 16.5 10 1,001.76 1,061.88 1,137.35 1,113.82 1,183.01 1,275.14 1,221.07 1,305.43 1,428.28

15 17.0 18.0 17.4 7 1,002.70 1,038.72 1,074.53 1,116.60 1,157.73 1,200.85 1,230.84 1,280.44 1,336.23

16 18.0 19.0 18.6 13 1,020.16 1,061.81 1,103.82 1,134.40 1,185.34 1,237.56 1,246.31 1,313.17 1,389.02

17 19.0 20.0 19.6 7 1,018.30 1,060.17 1,091.42 1,132.88 1,185.20 1,219.29 1,245.90 1,317.31 1,368.60

18 20.0 21.0 20.3 5 1,046.89 1,063.78 1,081.54 1,166.53 1,188.65 1,211.34 1,287.87 1,320.49 1,350.49

19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 22.0 23.0 22.6 2 1,020.50 1,025.43 1,030.36 1,137.73 1,143.80 1,149.88 1,255.98 1,264.44 1,272.91

21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 113 of 383

 20-year Fatigue Load Spectrum for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending
2500
Class II
Class III

2000
Fatigue Range for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1500

1000

500

0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Cumulative Rainflow Cycles

Figure 64. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for blade 1 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 114 of 383

 Azimuth Binning for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending at V=7.4m/s
1000
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500 min
mean
max
0 std

-500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending at V=14.0m/s

1000
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500 min
mean
0 max
std

-500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending at V=18.3m/s
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500
min
mean
0 max
std
-500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Blade 1 Leadlag Bending at V=19.8m/s
1000
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500 min
mean
0 max
std
-500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position

Figure 65. Azimuth binning for blade 1 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 115 of 383

 10
Power Spectral Density of Blade 1 Leadlag Bending at V=7.4m/s
10
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Blade 1 Leadlag Bending at V=14.0m/s
10
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
6
Power Spectral Density of Blade 1 Leadlag Bending at V=18.3m/s
10
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

4
10

2
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
6
Power Spectral Density of Blade 1 Leadlag Bending at V=19.8m/s
10
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

4
10

2
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 66. Power spectral density of blade 1 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 116 of 383

Blade 2 Flap Bending
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 67. Capture matrix for blade 2 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 117 of 383

 2500

2000
Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)

1500

1000

500

-500 Min
-1000 Mean
Max
-1500
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

450
Standard Deviation for Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)

400

350

300

250

200

150

100
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 68. Scatterplot for blade 2 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 118 of 383

 Table 49. Binned Data for Blade 2 Flap Bending

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 194.72 491.17 995.02
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 132.81 578.23 1,726.31
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 121.76 771.16 2,310.20
4 6.0 7.0 6.5 17 -285.62 979.70 2,081.91
5 7.0 8.0 7.4 15 51.06 1,173.23 2,532.92
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 10 279.96 1,434.87 2,383.40
7 9.0 10.0 9.4 12 533.11 1,568.96 2,468.15
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 10 48.40 1,607.92 2,582.10
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 16 -97.89 1,547.20 2,622.83
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 15 -238.47 1,469.60 2,633.41
11 13.0 14.0 13.6 20 -64.87 1,311.56 2,845.00
12 14.0 15.0 14.4 24 -233.40 1,189.97 2,644.77
13 15.0 16.0 15.2 11 -29.06 1,120.07 2,785.06
14 16.0 17.0 16.5 10 -810.42 1,017.25 2,632.56
15 17.0 18.0 17.4 8 -507.90 928.45 2,497.23
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 13 -1,171.89 855.03 2,535.71
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 7 -1,217.29 805.85 2,440.66
18 20.0 21.0 20.2 4 -1,644.91 764.92 2,277.19
19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
20 22.0 23.0 22.6 2 -1,197.47 707.75 2,041.19
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 119 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Blade 2 Flap Bending at V=7.4m/s
1200
Blade 2 Flap Bending(kNm)
1000

800

600

400

200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 2 Flap Bending at V=14.0m/s
2500
Blade 2 Flap Bending(kNm)

2000

1500

1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 2 Flap Bending at V=18.3m/s
3000
Blade 2 Flap Bending(kNm)

2000

1000

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 2 Flap Bending at V=19.8m/s
2000
Blade 2 Flap Bending(kNm)

1000

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 69. Time series for the first 60 seconds of blade 2 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 120 of 383

 Damage Equiv Load for Blade 2 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Damage Equiv Load for Blade 2 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=6)

1100 1400

1000
1200
900
DEL Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)

DEL Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)

800 1000

700
800
600

500
600
400

300 400

200
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Damage Equiv Load for Blade 2 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Damage Equiv Load for Blade 2 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=10)
2000

1600 1800

1400 1600
DEL Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)

DEL Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)

1400
1200

1200
1000

1000
800
800
600
600

400
400
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s) Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 70. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 2 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 121 of 383

 Binned DEL for Blade 2 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Binned DEL for Blade 2 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=6)

1100 1400
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3) Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)

Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=6) Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)

1000
1200
900

800 1000

700
800
600

500
600
400
Min Min
300 Mean 400 Mean
Max Max
200
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Binned DEL for Blade 2 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Binned DEL for Blade 2 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=10)
2000

1600 1800
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=10) Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=9) Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)

1400 1600

1400
1200

1200
1000

1000
800
800
600
Min Min
600
Mean Mean
400 Max Max
400
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 71. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 2 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 122 of 383

 Table 50. Binned DEL Data for Blade 2 Flap Bending
Bin Bin Bin Mean # Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of
# WS WS WS Files Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del
Low High (m=3) (m=3) (m=3) (m=6) (m=6) (m=6) (m=9) (m=9) (m=9)

1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 198.34 198.34 198.34 265.10 265.10 265.10 394.93 394.93 394.93

2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 223.65 284.56 348.46 299.26 415.02 514.66 439.88 625.36 772.01

3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 165.67 374.75 535.36 225.15 536.31 753.06 338.69 786.61 1,079.44

4 6.0 7.0 6.5 17 218.67 344.36 559.22 316.91 480.07 785.82 488.60 699.59 1,160.34

5 7.0 8.0 7.4 15 268.78 373.99 600.49 364.15 519.99 855.91 533.60 759.60 1,251.46

6 8.0 9.0 8.4 11 301.83 370.04 500.66 374.08 500.01 728.65 473.57 719.06 1,082.19

7 9.0 10.0 9.5 13 297.45 413.60 537.27 371.13 527.81 696.17 490.66 714.33 984.54

8 10.0 11.0 10.6 10 284.57 494.31 625.79 348.41 631.21 845.84 452.75 847.57 1,258.61

9 11.0 12.0 11.4 16 459.71 574.12 672.35 594.11 745.99 875.50 823.67 1,024.79 1,278.75

10 12.0 13.0 12.5 16 470.11 574.94 744.38 616.25 747.73 972.37 850.98 1,035.10 1,401.62

11 13.0 14.0 13.5 22 506.45 630.08 736.56 681.00 829.77 994.45 951.92 1,153.97 1,398.16

12 14.0 15.0 14.4 24 473.69 654.39 759.28 619.18 849.50 998.08 908.35 1,161.42 1,368.09

13 15.0 16.0 15.2 11 541.83 668.33 828.67 673.11 852.18 1,067.39 887.65 1,138.08 1,452.20

14 16.0 17.0 16.5 10 607.01 788.91 976.11 735.63 987.22 1,288.65 915.51 1,294.66 1,787.21

15 17.0 18.0 17.4 8 682.23 821.35 1,002.42 833.00 1,020.45 1,266.08 1,046.46 1,325.01 1,662.36

16 18.0 19.0 18.6 13 784.94 942.86 1,178.43 957.07 1,165.25 1,445.38 1,204.47 1,505.75 1,867.50

17 19.0 20.0 19.6 7 885.15 1,039.46 1,146.23 1,101.64 1,304.00 1,464.19 1,470.20 1,720.63 1,957.85

18 20.0 21.0 20.2 4 885.50 1,047.14 1,173.04 1,062.70 1,293.99 1,495.72 1,316.36 1,661.46 2,005.34

19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 22.0 23.0 22.6 2 1,031.38 1,096.66 1,161.95 1,248.58 1,342.19 1,435.80 1,562.75 1701.07 1,839.40

21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 123 of 383

 20-year Fatigue Load Spectrum for Blade 2 Flap Bending
4000
Class II
Class III
3500
Fatigue Range for Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Cumulative Rainflow Cycles

Figure 72. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for blade 2 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 124 of 383

 Azimuth Binning for Blade 2 Flap Bending at V=7.4m/s

1500
Blade 2 Flap Bending(kNm)

min
1000 mean
max
std
500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Blade 2 Flap Bending at V=14.0m/s
Blade 2 Flap Bending(kNm)

2000
min
1500
mean
1000 max
std
500

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Blade 2 Flap Bending at V=18.3m/s

2000
Blade 2 Flap Bending(kNm)

1500 min
mean
1000
max
500 std

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Blade 2 Flap Bending at V=19.8m/s

2000
Blade 2 Flap Bending(kNm)

1500
min
1000 mean
500 max
std
0
-500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Rotor Azimuth Position

Figure 73. Azimuth binning for blade 2 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 125 of 383

 10
Power Spectral Density of Blade 2 Flap Bending at V=7.4m/s
10
Blade 2 Flap Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Blade 2 Flap Bending at V=14.0m/s
10
Blade 2 Flap Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Blade 2 Flap Bending at V=18.3m/s
10
Blade 2 Flap Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Blade 2 Flap Bending at V=19.8m/s
10
Blade 2 Flap Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 74. Power spectral density of blade 2 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 126 of 383

Blade 2 Leadlag Bending
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 75. Capture matrix for blade 2 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 127 of 383

 Min
1000 Mean
Max
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

500

-500

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)
Standard Deviation for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

490

480

470

460

450

440

430

420
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 76. Scatterplot for blade 2 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 128 of 383

 Table 51. Binned Data for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 -608.01 47.80 791.10
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 -622.04 70.53 899.45
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 -733.10 94.93 1,217.56
4 6.0 7.0 6.5 17 -754.18 128.96 1,079.48
5 7.0 8.0 7.4 15 -648.73 158.78 1,156.93
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 10 -666.80 209.38 1,159.68
7 9.0 10.0 9.4 12 -814.11 237.76 1,247.94
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 10 -717.51 262.12 1,324.13
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 16 -820.69 235.32 1,422.31
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 15 -865.35 218.92 1,288.61
11 13.0 14.0 13.6 20 -815.81 174.46 1,316.71
12 14.0 15.0 14.4 24 -801.96 156.12 1,351.46
13 15.0 16.0 15.2 11 -874.89 124.32 1,228.60
14 16.0 17.0 16.5 10 -875.29 114.97 1,211.81
15 17.0 18.0 17.4 8 -881.16 103.99 1,154.79
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 13 -924.28 93.92 1,152.68
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 7 -936.19 87.02 1,224.55
18 20.0 21.0 20.2 4 -842.60 92.42 1,094.23
19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
20 22.0 23.0 22.6 2 -796.84 101.12 1,031.32
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 129 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Blade 2 Leadlag Bending at V=7.4m/s
1000
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 2 Leadlag Bending at V=14.0m/s
1500
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

1000

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 2 Leadlag Bending at V=18.3m/s
1000
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 2 Leadlag Bending at V=19.8m/s
1000
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 77. Time series for the first 60 seconds of blade 2 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 130 of 383

 Damage Equiv Load for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Damage Equiv Load for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=6)
1250
1100

1200
DEL Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

DEL Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1050

1150

1000

1100

950

1050

900
1000

850
950
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Damage Equiv Load for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Damage Equiv Load for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=10)
1400

1300
1350
DEL Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

DEL Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1250
1300

1200 1250

1150 1200

1100 1150

1050 1100

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s) Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 78. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 2 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 131 of 383

 Binned DEL for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Binned DEL for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=6)

1250
1100
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3) Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=6) Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1200
1050

1150

1000

1100

950

1050

900
Min 1000 Min
Mean Mean
850 Max Max
950
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Binned DEL for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Binned DEL for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=10)
1400
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=10) Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=9) Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1300
1350

1250
1300

1200 1250

1150 1200

1100 1150

Min Min
Mean 1100 Mean
1050
Max Max

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 79. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 2 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 132 of 383

 Table 52. Binned DEL Data for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending
Bin Bin Bin Mean # Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of
# WS WS WS Files Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del
Low High (m=3) (m=3) (m=3) (m=6) (m=6) (m=6) (m=9) (m=9) (m=9)

1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 826.20 826.20 826.20 949.63 949.63 949.63 1,063.16 1,063.16 1,063.16

2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 824.87 850.75 877.41 948.75 976.22 1,003.78 1,062.13 1,092.72 1,122.46

3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 836.49 898.89 958.67 958.38 1,025.50 1,093.62 1,069.18 1,146.08 1,237.37

4 6.0 7.0 6.5 17 881.12 948.84 992.21 1,002.32 1,068.80 1,120.75 1,112.44 1,179.08 1,246.84

5 7.0 8.0 7.4 15 929.75 984.70 1,018.08 1,054.10 1,102.29 1,134.58 1,168.27 1,211.37 1,260.32

6 8.0 9.0 8.4 11 1,003.03 1,033.09 1,077.61 1,120.42 1,147.87 1,199.92 1,220.66 1,253.70 1,315.92

7 9.0 10.0 9.5 13 985.37 1,060.23 1,120.52 1,105.79 1,177.91 1,249.93 1,224.32 1,289.37 1,381.07

8 10.0 11.0 10.6 10 1,056.12 1,092.11 1,126.23 1,168.26 1,213.01 1,252.92 1,269.38 1,329.53 1,378.15

9 11.0 12.0 11.4 16 1,033.75 1,086.98 1,133.07 1,152.03 1,210.37 1,259.43 1,268.53 1,333.13 1,402.72

10 12.0 13.0 12.5 16 1,046.13 1,091.93 1,128.42 1,170.82 1,215.72 1,260.10 1,288.26 1,339.25 1,397.53

11 13.0 14.0 13.5 22 1,049.62 1,084.12 1,124.68 1,164.81 1,207.03 1,257.36 1,274.07 1,329.78 1,397.28

12 14.0 15.0 14.4 24 1,034.56 1,063.97 1,110.32 1,147.66 1,184.41 1,238.08 1,255.06 1,305.36 1,371.51

13 15.0 16.0 15.2 11 1,000.14 1,047.27 1,106.55 1,130.16 1,165.79 1,236.75 1,258.55 1,282.98 1,374.81

14 16.0 17.0 16.5 10 975.80 1,047.28 1,121.49 1,085.22 1,167.22 1,255.90 1,191.58 1,290.04 1,402.39

15 17.0 18.0 17.4 8 975.94 1,030.02 1,063.02 1,086.83 1,148.23 1,185.70 1,195.50 1,269.82 1,312.17

16 18.0 19.0 18.6 13 1,008.90 1,050.26 1,082.86 1,122.56 1,171.48 1,209.10 1,235.75 1,296.11 1,340.73

17 19.0 20.0 19.6 7 1,004.47 1,041.50 1,073.41 1,119.42 1,163.34 1,201.58 1,234.93 1,292.34 1,341.98

18 20.0 21.0 20.2 4 1,014.92 1,045.49 1,091.25 1,132.07 1,166.71 1,219.38 1,252.72 1,292.00 1,354.05

19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 22.0 23.0 22.6 2 1,015.95 1,026.83 1,037.70 1,132.21 1,146.38 1,160.56 1,249.17 1,269.49 1,289.81

21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 133 of 383

 20-year Fatigue Load Spectrum for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending
2500
Class II
Class III

2000
Fatigue Range for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1500

1000

500

0
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Cumulative Rainflow Cycles

Figure 80. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for blade 2 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 134 of 383

 Azimuth Binning for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending at V=7.4m/s

Blade 2 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500
min
mean
0 max
std

-500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending at V=14.0m/s

1000
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500 min
mean
0 max
std

-500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending at V=18.3m/s
1000
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500 min
mean
0 max
std
-500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Blade 2 Leadlag Bending at V=19.8m/s
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

1000

500 min
mean
0 max
std
-500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position

Figure 81. Azimuth binning for blade 2 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 135 of 383

 10
Power Spectral Density of Blade 2 Leadlag Bending at V=7.4m/s
10
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Blade 2 Leadlag Bending at V=14.0m/s
10
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
6
Power Spectral Density of Blade 2 Leadlag Bending at V=18.3m/s
10
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

4
10

2
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
6
Power Spectral Density of Blade 2 Leadlag Bending at V=19.8m/s
10
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

4
10

2
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 82. Power spectral density of blade 2 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 136 of 383

Blade 3 Flap Bending
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 83. Capture matrix for blade 3 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 137 of 383

 2500

2000
Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)

1500

1000

500

-500 Min
Mean
-1000
Max
-1500
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

450
Standard Deviation for Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)

400

350

300

250

200

150

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 84. Scatterplot for blade 3 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 138 of 383

 Table 53. Binned Data for Blade 3 Flap Bending

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 214.88 506.17 978.65
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 125.23 583.64 1,630.30
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 10 128.22 743.47 2,357.58
4 6.0 7.0 6.5 19 -233.71 955.69 2,115.82
5 7.0 8.0 7.3 20 61.57 1,164.62 2,566.86
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 11 -479.02 1,392.52 2,280.36
7 9.0 10.0 9.5 19 443.85 1,544.30 2,576.19
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 14 -527.49 1,578.21 2,497.10
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 23 -527.49 1,530.03 2,816.42
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 20 -318.09 1,444.97 2,605.98
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 25 -335.81 1,319.32 2,760.67
12 14.0 15.0 14.5 28 -251.49 1,186.59 2,676.38
13 15.0 16.0 15.3 13 -118.29 1,117.64 2,632.46
14 16.0 17.0 16.5 10 -582.76 1,028.20 2,773.84
15 17.0 18.0 17.4 7 -583.69 938.27 2,197.43
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 14 -855.72 865.20 2,530.37
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 10 -1,516.41 825.57 2,830.99
18 20.0 21.0 20.4 9 -1,559.22 772.17 2,492.41
19 21.0 22.0 21.9 1 -760.23 633.24 2,084.29
20 22.0 23.0 22.7 3 -1,300.90 666.10 2,158.09
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 139 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Blade 3 Flap Bending at V=7.4m/s
1200
Blade 3 Flap Bending(kNm)
1000

800

600

400

200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 3 Flap Bending at V=14.0m/s
2500
Blade 3 Flap Bending(kNm)

2000

1500

1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 3 Flap Bending at V=18.3m/s
3000
Blade 3 Flap Bending(kNm)

2000

1000

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 3 Flap Bending at V=19.8m/s
2000
Blade 3 Flap Bending(kNm)

1000

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 85. Time series for the first 60 seconds of blade 3 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 140 of 383

 Damage Equiv Load for Blade 3 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Damage Equiv Load for Blade 3 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=6)

1100 1400

1000
1200
900
DEL Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)

DEL Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)

800 1000

700
800
600

500
600
400

300 400

200

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Damage Equiv Load for Blade 3 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Damage Equiv Load for Blade 3 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=10)
2000

1600 1800

1400 1600
DEL Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)

DEL Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)

1200 1400

1200
1000

1000
800
800
600
600
400
400

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s) Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 86. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 3 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 141 of 383

 Binned DEL for Blade 3 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Binned DEL for Blade 3 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=6)

Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3) Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)

1100 1400

Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=6) Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)

1000
1200
900

800 1000

700
800
600

500
600
400
Min Min
300 400
Mean Mean
Max Max
200

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Binned DEL for Blade 3 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Binned DEL for Blade 3 Flap Bending (1 Hz, m=10)
2000

1600 1800
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=10) Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=9) Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)

1400 1600

1200 1400

1200
1000

1000
800
800
600
Min 600 Min
Mean Mean
400
Max 400 Max

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 87. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 3 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 142 of 383

 Table 54. Binned DEL Data for Blade 3 Flap Bending
Bin Bin Bin Mean # Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of
# WS WS WS Files Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del
Low High (m=3) (m=3) (m=3) (m=6) (m=6) (m=6) (m=9) (m=9) (m=9)

1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 186.72 186.72 186.72 250.37 250.37 250.37 376.50 376.50 376.50

2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 215.40 279.69 333.21 282.37 405.48 494.41 410.41 608.16 746.39

3 5.0 6.0 5.5 10 155.28 356.12 548.19 211.14 512.58 767.27 319.62 754.10 1,104.18

4 6.0 7.0 6.5 19 210.74 319.77 559.14 317.54 452.77 797.10 484.88 666.56 1,180.44

5 7.0 8.0 7.3 20 256.45 366.35 612.36 321.84 507.58 872.19 428.44 736.98 1,266.57

6 8.0 9.0 8.4 11 293.53 376.99 492.90 356.41 526.54 805.05 455.22 768.68 1,232.02

7 9.0 10.0 9.5 19 273.67 417.22 563.60 340.01 536.66 735.77 442.13 728.80 1,008.98

8 10.0 11.0 10.6 14 297.98 498.07 631.68 354.93 642.87 921.50 437.87 862.94 1,419.13

9 11.0 12.0 11.4 23 473.20 581.89 685.67 610.40 753.78 1,026.87 847.53 1,026.23 1,552.49

10 12.0 13.0 12.5 20 456.32 571.49 766.00 601.85 747.03 979.38 808.46 1,037.53 1,391.04

11 13.0 14.0 13.5 25 507.62 626.17 733.22 651.83 818.72 1,013.46 882.16 1,129.68 1,489.74

12 14.0 15.0 14.5 28 480.16 660.11 772.77 613.81 859.87 1,051.70 876.42 1,182.77 1,494.19

13 15.0 16.0 15.3 13 558.70 670.64 810.15 697.09 847.43 1,036.19 913.39 1,121.20 1,414.08

14 16.0 17.0 16.5 10 614.26 773.76 982.03 745.06 957.37 1,303.76 939.78 1,234.50 1,812.06

15 17.0 18.0 17.4 7 686.57 798.45 888.85 834.91 991.52 1,112.56 1,047.80 1,286.82 1,492.51

16 18.0 19.0 18.6 14 769.78 939.94 1,176.58 937.56 1,158.73 1,443.24 1,181.82 1,487.76 1,825.11

17 19.0 20.0 19.6 10 845.42 1,048.34 1,148.91 1,036.52 1,317.19 1,481.68 1,340.04 1,746.50 2,003.63

18 20.0 21.0 20.4 9 867.93 1,088.61 1,169.19 1,031.82 1,350.70 1,480.87 1,260.26 1,741.87 2,020.75

19 21.0 22.0 21.9 1 1,003.50 1,003.50 1,003.50 1,231.25 1,231.25 1,231.25 1,573.86 1,573.86 1,573.86

20 22.0 23.0 22.7 3 1,053.70 1,119.83 1,159.57 1,271.10 1,376.47 1,452.41 1,566.44 1,747.85 1,906.80

21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 143 of 383

 20-year Fatigue Load Spectrum for Blade 3 Flap Bending
4500
Class II
Class III
4000

3500
Fatigue Range for Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Cumulative Rainflow Cycles

Figure 88. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for blade 3 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 144 of 383

 Azimuth Binning for Blade 3 Flap Bending at V=7.4m/s

Blade 3 Flap Bending(kNm) 1500

min
1000 mean
max
std
500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Blade 3 Flap Bending at V=14.0m/s
2500
Blade 3 Flap Bending(kNm)

2000
min
1500 mean
max
1000
std
500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Blade 3 Flap Bending at V=18.3m/s
2000
Blade 3 Flap Bending(kNm)

1500
min
1000 mean
max
500 std

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Blade 3 Flap Bending at V=19.8m/s

2000
Blade 3 Flap Bending(kNm)

1500
min
1000 mean
500 max
0 std

-500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position

Figure 89. Azimuth binning for blade 3 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 145 of 383

 10
Power Spectral Density of Blade 3 Flap Bending at V=7.4m/s
10
Blade 3 Flap Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Blade 3 Flap Bending at V=14.0m/s
10
Blade 3 Flap Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Blade 3 Flap Bending at V=18.3m/s
10
Blade 3 Flap Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Blade 3 Flap Bending at V=19.8m/s
10
Blade 3 Flap Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 90. Power spectral density of blade 3 flap bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 146 of 383

Blade 3 Leadlag Bending
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 91. Capture matrix for blade 3 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 147 of 383

 1000 Min
Mean
Max
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

500

-500

-1000
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

500
Standard Deviation for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

480

460

440

420

400

380
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 92. Scatterplot for blade 3 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 148 of 383

 Table 55. Binned Data for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 -576.47 50.25 758.02
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 -696.20 46.09 867.38
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 10 -715.70 62.73 1,059.66
4 6.0 7.0 6.5 19 -746.38 111.98 1,122.30
5 7.0 8.0 7.3 20 -748.50 134.79 1,221.23
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 10 -666.14 182.24 1,099.80
7 9.0 10.0 9.5 17 -742.35 214.18 1,173.11
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 12 -751.88 227.12 1,202.89
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 23 -771.93 203.87 1,227.65
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 18 -843.22 171.25 1,203.45
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 22 -872.95 133.63 1,201.68
12 14.0 15.0 14.5 27 -860.08 106.74 1,269.08
13 15.0 16.0 15.3 13 -899.61 79.07 1,157.34
14 16.0 17.0 16.5 10 -961.47 59.34 1,187.14
15 17.0 18.0 17.4 7 -842.69 43.87 1,019.94
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 14 -1,001.77 36.50 1,122.30
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 10 -1,035.62 27.37 1,197.23
18 20.0 21.0 20.4 9 -1,000.04 23.88 1,122.30
19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
20 22.0 23.0 22.7 3 -886.98 7.33 1,094.63
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 149 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Blade 3 Leadlag Bending at V=7.4m/s
1000
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 3 Leadlag Bending at V=14.0m/s
1500
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

1000

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 3 Leadlag Bending at V=18.3m/s
1000
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Blade 3 Leadlag Bending at V=19.8m/s
1000
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 93. Time series for the first 60 seconds of blade 3 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 150 of 383

 Damage Equiv Load for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Damage Equiv Load for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=6)

1100

1200
1050
DEL Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

DEL Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1150
1000

1100
950

1050

900
1000

850
950

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Damage Equiv Load for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Damage Equiv Load for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=10)

1300
1350

1250
1300
DEL Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

DEL Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1200 1250

1150 1200

1100 1150

1050 1100

1000 1050
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s) Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 94. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 3 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 151 of 383

 Binned DEL for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Binned DEL for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=6)

Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3) Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm) 1100

Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=6) Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1200
1050

1150
1000

1100
950

1050

900
1000
Min Min
850
Mean Mean
Max 950 Max

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Binned DEL for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Binned DEL for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (1 Hz, m=10)

1300
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=10) Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm)
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=9) Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1350

1250
1300

1200 1250

1150 1200

1100 1150

1050 Min 1100 Min

Mean Mean
Max Max
1000 1050
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 95. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for blade 3 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 152 of 383

 Table 56. Binned DEL Data for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending
Bin Bin Bin Mean # Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of
# WS WS WS Files Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del
Low High (m=3) (m=3) (m=3) (m=6) (m=6) (m=6) (m=9) (m=9) (m=9)

1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 805.44 805.44 805.44 926.03 926.03 926.03 1,037.24 1,037.24 1,037.24

2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 807.04 835.88 863.97 928.39 959.74 989.46 1,039.90 1,075.64 1,108.81

3 5.0 6.0 5.5 10 823.38 880.72 945.96 943.33 1,005.28 1,071.72 1,052.64 1,123.13 1,201.17

4 6.0 7.0 6.5 19 866.45 941.13 977.40 986.21 1,060.48 1,099.80 1,095.47 1,170.96 1,218.46

5 7.0 8.0 7.3 20 924.86 981.29 1,017.25 1,048.83 1,098.44 1,131.90 1,162.81 1,208.16 1,265.01

6 8.0 9.0 8.4 11 984.37 1,020.79 1,061.05 1,099.79 1,133.75 1,180.55 1,210.84 1,237.34 1,292.50

7 9.0 10.0 9.5 19 946.87 1,043.47 1,088.64 1,068.84 1,159.90 1,211.81 1,192.17 1,269.97 1,332.69

8 10.0 11.0 10.6 14 982.67 1,057.91 1,095.22 1,111.37 1,177.81 1,218.26 1,248.38 1,294.59 1,344.68

9 11.0 12.0 11.4 23 994.62 1,070.53 1,114.65 1,129.09 1,190.72 1,238.11 1,238.72 1,307.95 1,357.92

10 12.0 13.0 12.5 20 967.56 1,066.84 1,106.83 1,091.99 1,188.05 1,233.09 1,224.10 1,308.72 1,366.30

11 13.0 14.0 13.5 25 961.85 1,062.10 1,104.29 1,091.53 1,183.44 1,231.97 1,238.02 1,305.36 1,364.84

12 14.0 15.0 14.5 28 941.04 1,039.50 1,088.48 1,067.18 1,159.00 1,213.98 1,212.59 1,281.17 1,362.82

13 15.0 16.0 15.3 13 1,003.19 1,027.04 1,050.64 1,118.63 1,143.58 1,169.84 1,226.00 1,261.18 1,291.34

14 16.0 17.0 16.5 10 935.79 1,022.82 1,114.40 1,047.03 1,141.15 1,248.07 1,156.12 1,262.51 1,393.07

15 17.0 18.0 17.4 7 938.44 997.63 1,031.70 1,050.63 1,111.89 1,149.54 1,161.03 1,226.23 1,268.19

16 18.0 19.0 18.6 14 978.73 1,020.25 1,058.17 1,088.01 1,139.15 1,187.79 1,194.14 1,262.92 1,335.45

17 19.0 20.0 19.6 10 972.28 1,025.10 1,063.51 1,081.96 1,149.05 1,199.18 1,190.13 1,285.25 1,355.85

18 20.0 21.0 20.4 9 1,008.25 1,028.64 1,053.00 1,128.46 1,153.19 1,183.10 1,245.46 1,291.01 1,333.75

19 21.0 22.0 21.9 1 948.07 948.07 948.07 1,064.64 1,064.64 1,064.64 1,186.81 1,186.81 1,186.81

20 22.0 23.0 22.7 3 953.30 978.57 1,011.40 1,081.20 1,097.66 1,129.95 1,190.36 1,225.30 1,253.00

21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 153 of 383

 20-year Fatigue Load Spectrum for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending
2500
Class II
Class III

2000
Fatigue Range for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1500

1000

500

0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Cumulative Rainflow Cycles

Figure 96. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for blade 3 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 154 of 383

 Azimuth Binning for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending at V=7.4m/s

Blade 3 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500
min
mean
0 max
std

-500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending at V=14.0m/s
1000
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500 min
mean
0 max
std

-500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending at V=18.3m/s
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500
min
mean
0 max
std
-500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Blade 3 Leadlag Bending at V=19.8m/s
1000
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

500
min
mean
0 max
std
-500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position

Figure 97. Azimuth binning for blade 3 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 155 of 383

 10
Power Spectral Density of Blade 3 Leadlag Bending at V=7.4m/s
10
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending(kNm)
5
10

0
10

-5
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Blade 3 Leadlag Bending at V=14.0m/s
10
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
6
Power Spectral Density of Blade 3 Leadlag Bending at V=18.3m/s
10
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

4
10

2
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
6
Power Spectral Density of Blade 3 Leadlag Bending at V=19.8m/s
10
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending(kNm)

4
10

2
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 98. Power spectral density of blade 3 leadlag bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 156 of 383

Main Shaft Bending 0
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 99. Capture matrix for main shaft bending 0

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 157 of 383

 800
Min
600 Mean
400 Max
Mainshaft 0 Degrees (kNm)

200

-200

-400

-600

-800

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)
Standard Deviation for Mainshaft 0 Degrees (kNm)

280

270

260

250

240

230

220

210

200

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 100. Scatterplot for main shaft bending 0

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 158 of 383

 Table 57. Binned Data for Main Shaft Bending 0

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 -419.62 22.57 452.34
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 -495.97 12.50 546.46
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 9 -589.37 5.25 708.78
4 6.0 7.0 6.5 10 -762.01 4.09 675.61
5 7.0 8.0 7.3 3 -661.75 11.30 600.15
6 8.0 9.0 8.7 1 -778.09 5.15 561.43
7 9.0 10.0 9.5 2 -641.43 12.32 624.99
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 4 -790.64 6.47 733.04
9 11.0 12.0 11.6 3 -760.36 -1.44 625.15
10 12.0 13.0 12.4 8 -828.99 0.64 825.45
11 13.0 14.0 13.6 7 -778.03 1.38 771.15
12 14.0 15.0 14.5 13 -746.17 3.05 778.51
13 15.0 16.0 15.1 2 -738.59 5.17 647.97
14 16.0 17.0 16.3 3 -948.08 7.46 745.24
15 17.0 18.0 17.4 4 -921.30 0.61 796.44
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 6 -890.07 4.31 821.98
17 19.0 20.0 19.7 2 -916.19 14.48 869.30
18 20.0 21.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
20 22.0 23.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 159 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Mainshaft 0 Degrees at V=7.4m/s
500
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)

-500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Mainshaft 0 Degrees at V=14.0m/s
1000
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Mainshaft 0 Degrees at V=18.3m/s
1000
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Mainshaft 0 Degrees at V=19.8m/s
1000
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 101. Time series for the first 60 seconds of main shaft bending 0

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 160 of 383

 Damage Equiv Load for Mainshaft 0 Degrees (1 Hz, m=3) Damage Equiv Load for Mainshaft 0 Degrees (1 Hz, m=6)

850
700

800
650
DEL Mainshaft 0 Degrees (kNm)

DEL Mainshaft 0 Degrees (kNm)

750

600 700

550 650

600
500

550

450
500
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Damage Equiv Load for Mainshaft 0 Degrees (1 Hz, m=9) Damage Equiv Load for Mainshaft 0 Degrees (1 Hz, m=10)
1050
950
1000
900
950
850
DEL Mainshaft 0 Degrees (kNm)

DEL Mainshaft 0 Degrees (kNm)

900
800
850

750 800

700 750

650 700

650
600
600
550
550
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s) Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 102. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for main shaft bending 0

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 161 of 383

 Binned DEL for Mainshaft 0 Degrees (1 Hz, m=3) Binned DEL for Mainshaft 0 Degrees (1 Hz, m=6)

850
700
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3) Mainshaft 0 Degrees (kNm)

Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=6) Mainshaft 0 Degrees (kNm)

800
650
750

600 700

550 650

600
500
Min 550 Min
Mean Mean
450
Max Max
500
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Binned DEL for Mainshaft 0 Degrees (1 Hz, m=9) Binned DEL for Mainshaft 0 Degrees (1 Hz, m=10)
1050
950
1000
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=10) Mainshaft 0 Degrees (kNm)
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=9) Mainshaft 0 Degrees (kNm)

900
950
850
900
800
850

750 800

700 750

650 700

650
600 Min Min
Mean 600 Mean
550 Max Max
550
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 103. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for main shaft bending 0

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 162 of 383

 Table 58. Binned DEL Data for Main Shaft Bending 0
Bin Bin Bin Mean # Min of Mean Max of Min of Mean Max of Min of Mean Max of
# WS WS WS Files Del of Del Del Del of Del Del Del of Del Del
Low High (m=3) (m=3) (m=3) (m=6) (m=6) (m=6) (m=9) (m=9) (m=9)

1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 461.75 461.75 461.75 533.78 533.78 533.78 604.45 604.45 604.45

2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 472.97 490.26 510.90 547.26 568.73 591.75 625.33 650.52 676.32

3 5.0 6.0 5.5 9 451.66 505.94 576.22 522.58 587.20 665.14 594.10 677.58 770.76

4 6.0 7.0 6.5 10 423.84 527.79 636.45 484.43 608.28 751.95 542.24 699.45 894.90

5 7.0 8.0 7.3 3 551.89 558.01 569.13 632.62 641.85 655.39 722.22 736.12 755.67

6 8.0 9.0 8.7 1 571.39 571.39 571.39 660.91 660.91 660.91 780.69 780.69 780.69

7 9.0 10.0 9.5 2 564.40 601.41 638.42 645.44 683.77 722.10 745.10 780.36 815.62

8 10.0 11.0 10.6 4 614.53 625.09 642.01 701.49 723.32 747.09 807.79 850.32 883.06

9 11.0 12.0 11.6 3 490.37 564.30 631.66 563.38 648.23 723.13 650.25 752.43 835.77

10 12.0 13.0 12.4 8 518.26 616.97 711.13 591.35 716.81 823.73 679.35 848.23 972.92

11 13.0 14.0 13.6 7 563.02 599.64 655.64 654.77 697.16 776.55 770.07 825.95 929.38

12 14.0 15.0 14.5 13 530.52 584.48 658.80 605.55 677.82 768.15 693.58 799.27 905.33

13 15.0 16.0 15.1 2 572.70 579.72 586.74 674.22 675.36 676.50 782.76 803.33 823.89

14 16.0 17.0 16.3 3 547.98 609.61 672.52 632.69 712.64 794.76 743.65 850.06 966.35

15 17.0 18.0 17.4 4 563.08 595.92 642.96 650.66 699.16 761.63 761.83 840.80 939.53

16 18.0 19.0 18.6 6 530.07 596.03 701.23 617.14 699.45 827.67 729.33 838.14 990.95

17 19.0 20.0 19.7 2 625.51 677.57 729.64 733.82 802.55 871.28 877.72 971.33 1,064.95

18 20.0 21.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 22.0 23.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 163 of 383

 20-year Fatigue Load Spectrum for Mainshaft 0 Degrees
2000
Class II
1800 Class III

1600
Fatigue Range for Mainshaft 0 Degrees (kNm)

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Cumulative Rainflow Cycles

Figure 104. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for main shaft bending 0

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 164 of 383

 Azimuth Binning for Mainshaft 0 Degrees at V=7.4m/s
500
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)

min
mean
0
max
std

-500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Mainshaft 0 Degrees at V=14.0m/s
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)

500
min
mean
0
max
std
-500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Mainshaft 0 Degrees at V=18.3m/s

500
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)

min
0 mean
max
std

-500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Mainshaft 0 Degrees at V=19.8m/s
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)

500
min
0 mean
max
std
-500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position

Figure 105. Azimuth binning for main shaft bending 0

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 165 of 383

 6
Power Spectral Density of Mainshaft 0 Degrees at V=7.4m/s
10
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)
4
10

2
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
6
Power Spectral Density of Mainshaft 0 Degrees at V=14.0m/s
10
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)

4
10

2
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
6
Power Spectral Density of Mainshaft 0 Degrees at V=18.3m/s
10
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)

4
10

2
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
6
Power Spectral Density of Mainshaft 0 Degrees at V=19.8m/s
10
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)

4
10

2
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 106. Power spectral density of main shaft bending 0

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 166 of 383

Main Shaft Bending 90
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 107. Capture matrix for main shaft bending 90

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 167 of 383

 800 Min
600 Mean
Max
Mainshaft 90 Degrees (kNm)

400

200

-200

-400

-600

-800

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

280
Standard Deviation for Mainshaft 90 Degrees (kNm)

270

260

250

240

230

220

210

200

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 108. Scatterplot for main shaft bending 90

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 168 of 383

 Table 59. Binned Data for Main Shaft Bending 90

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 -391.26 14.29 420.62
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 -504.91 15.84 524.55
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 9 -614.11 12.25 694.07
4 6.0 7.0 6.5 10 -724.61 17.70 740.08
5 7.0 8.0 7.3 3 -689.21 15.65 565.04
6 8.0 9.0 8.7 1 -684.05 18.03 672.27
7 9.0 10.0 9.5 2 -578.47 21.83 605.77
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 4 -721.68 20.32 741.82
9 11.0 12.0 11.6 3 -677.05 23.24 739.16
10 12.0 13.0 12.4 8 -792.06 24.28 880.33
11 13.0 14.0 13.6 7 -720.22 26.71 806.07
12 14.0 15.0 14.5 13 -740.92 28.36 853.50
13 15.0 16.0 15.1 2 -738.57 29.73 753.81
14 16.0 17.0 16.3 3 -715.72 30.23 856.37
15 17.0 18.0 17.4 4 -759.76 30.60 878.91
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 6 -780.53 31.48 948.90
17 19.0 20.0 19.7 2 -948.46 32.12 888.78
18 20.0 21.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
20 22.0 23.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 169 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Mainshaft 90 Degrees at V=7.4m/s
1000
Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)

500

-500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Mainshaft 90 Degrees at V=14.0m/s
1000
Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Mainshaft 90 Degrees at V=18.3m/s
1000
Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Mainshaft 90 Degrees at V=19.8m/s
1000
Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 109. Time series for the first 60 seconds of main shaft bending 90

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 170 of 383

 Damage Equiv Load for Mainshaft 90 Degrees (1 Hz, m=3) Damage Equiv Load for Mainshaft 90 Degrees (1 Hz, m=6)

850
700

800
650
DEL Mainshaft 90 Degrees (kNm)

DEL Mainshaft 90 Degrees (kNm)

750

600 700

550 650

600
500

550

450
500

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Damage Equiv Load for Mainshaft 90 Degrees (1 Hz, m=9) Damage Equiv Load for Mainshaft 90 Degrees (1 Hz, m=10)
1050
950
1000
900
950
850
DEL Mainshaft 90 Degrees (kNm)

DEL Mainshaft 90 Degrees (kNm)

900
800
850
750 800

700 750

650 700

650
600
600
550
550
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s) Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 110. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for main shaft bending 90

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 171 of 383

 Binned DEL for Mainshaft 90 Degrees (1 Hz, m=3) Binned DEL for Mainshaft 90 Degrees (1 Hz, m=6)

850
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3) Mainshaft 90 Degrees (kNm) 700

Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=6) Mainshaft 90 Degrees (kNm)

800
650
750

600 700

550 650

600
500

Min 550 Min

450 Mean Mean
Max 500 Max

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Binned DEL for Mainshaft 90 Degrees (1 Hz, m=9) Binned DEL for Mainshaft 90 Degrees (1 Hz, m=10)
1050
950
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=10) Mainshaft 90 Degrees (kNm)

1000
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=9) Mainshaft 90 Degrees (kNm)

900
950
850
900
800
850
750 800

700 750

650 700

650
600 Min Min
Mean 600 Mean
550
Max Max
550
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 111. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for main shaft bending 90

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 172 of 383

 Table 60. Binned DEL Data for Main Shaft Bending 90
Bin Bin Bin Mean # Min of Mean Max of Min of Mean Max of Min of Mean Max of
# WS WS WS Files Del of Del Del Del of Del Del Del of Del Del
Low High (m=3) (m=3) (m=3) (m=6) (m=6) (m=6) (m=9) (m=9) (m=9)

1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 451.68 451.68 451.68 521.80 521.80 521.80 589.91 589.91 589.91

2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 467.14 481.58 502.43 540.78 558.38 582.00 617.45 637.71 665.32

3 5.0 6.0 5.5 9 447.90 495.81 563.04 518.92 574.43 649.02 589.42 661.56 750.30

4 6.0 7.0 6.5 10 414.56 518.82 630.19 473.84 597.65 744.67 530.71 686.24 887.39

5 7.0 8.0 7.3 3 540.52 547.50 560.66 616.58 629.32 645.30 700.46 722.50 742.58

6 8.0 9.0 8.7 1 565.77 565.77 565.77 658.82 658.82 658.82 793.82 793.82 793.82

7 9.0 10.0 9.5 2 557.57 585.17 612.77 636.79 664.40 692.02 731.44 755.39 779.35

8 10.0 11.0 10.6 4 603.97 616.38 638.16 688.15 713.03 744.88 786.65 834.89 881.42

9 11.0 12.0 11.6 3 481.83 551.29 616.34 553.34 633.79 710.85 638.26 737.18 837.54

10 12.0 13.0 12.4 8 506.19 604.56 704.70 576.57 701.88 816.07 663.40 831.03 959.44

11 13.0 14.0 13.6 7 552.35 587.62 635.79 640.66 681.34 752.06 745.33 801.09 903.87

12 14.0 15.0 14.5 13 511.65 573.27 644.14 586.05 664.59 746.93 678.98 786.64 873.14

13 15.0 16.0 15.1 2 565.48 570.17 574.86 661.37 665.16 668.94 774.14 802.57 831.00

14 16.0 17.0 16.3 3 544.64 597.07 650.21 630.30 697.56 760.84 742.95 831.12 907.73

15 17.0 18.0 17.4 4 553.26 593.92 647.00 639.56 696.06 763.72 746.31 835.32 931.74

16 18.0 19.0 18.6 6 527.81 592.91 695.14 619.08 699.94 823.95 745.72 850.01 993.59

17 19.0 20.0 19.7 2 603.09 664.08 725.08 706.68 786.35 866.02 845.15 957.17 1,069.19

18 20.0 21.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 22.0 23.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 173 of 383

 20-year Fatigue Load Spectrum for Mainshaft 90 Degrees
2000
Class II
1800 Class III

1600
Fatigue Range for Mainshaft 90 Degrees (kNm)

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Cumulative Rainflow Cycles

Figure 112. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for main shaft bending 90

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 174 of 383

 Azimuth Binning for Mainshaft 90 Degrees at V=7.4m/s

Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm) 400

200
min
0 mean
-200 max
std
-400

-600
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Mainshaft 90 Degrees at V=14.0m/s
Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)

500
min
mean
0 max
std

-500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Mainshaft 90 Degrees at V=18.3m/s

500
Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)

min
0 mean
max
std
-500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Mainshaft 90 Degrees at V=19.8m/s
Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)

500
min
0 mean
max
std
-500

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position

Figure 113. Azimuth binning for main shaft bending 90

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 175 of 383

 10
Power Spectral Density of Mainshaft 90 Degrees at V=7.4m/s
10
Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)
5
10

0
10

-5
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
6
Power Spectral Density of Mainshaft 90 Degrees at V=14.0m/s
10
Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)

4
10

2
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
6
Power Spectral Density of Mainshaft 90 Degrees at V=18.3m/s
10
Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)

4
10

2
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
6
Power Spectral Density of Mainshaft 90 Degrees at V=19.8m/s
10
Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)

4
10

2
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 114. Power spectral density of main shaft bending 90

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 176 of 383

Main Shaft Torque
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 115. Capture matrix for main shaft torque

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 177 of 383

 1200
Min
1000 Mean
Max
800
Mainshaft Torque (kNm)

600

400

200

-200

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

300
Standard Deviation for Mainshaft Torque (kNm)

250

200

150

100

50
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 116. Scatterplot for main shaft torque

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 178 of 383

 Table 61. Binned Data for Main Shaft Torque

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 -163.83 -70.60 113.00
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 -297.59 -81.19 295.53
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 10 -299.33 -22.06 860.62
4 6.0 7.0 6.5 11 -201.51 71.79 743.70
5 7.0 8.0 7.3 3 -251.20 151.00 1,225.76
6 8.0 9.0 8.7 1 -160.51 447.27 965.45
7 9.0 10.0 9.5 2 45.66 473.86 1,158.36
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 4 49.68 600.92 1,264.56
9 11.0 12.0 11.7 4 -96.95 698.45 1,157.72
10 12.0 13.0 12.4 8 36.35 772.23 1,227.08
11 13.0 14.0 13.6 7 138.15 799.15 1,180.11
12 14.0 15.0 14.5 13 281.78 820.86 1,197.06
13 15.0 16.0 15.1 2 541.05 837.33 1,166.29
14 16.0 17.0 16.3 3 418.39 850.52 1,310.35
15 17.0 18.0 17.4 5 445.63 824.25 1,232.10
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 6 398.15 835.33 1,298.37
17 19.0 20.0 19.7 2 548.99 896.87 1,300.80
18 20.0 21.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
20 22.0 23.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 179 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Mainshaft Torque at V=7.4m/s
100
Mainshaft Torque(kNm)

-100

-200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Mainshaft Torque at V=14.0m/s
1000
Mainshaft Torque(kNm)

800

600

400

200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Mainshaft Torque at V=18.3m/s
1200
Mainshaft Torque(kNm)

1000

800

600

400
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Mainshaft Torque at V=19.8m/s
1400
Mainshaft Torque(kNm)

1200

1000

800

600

400
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 117. Time series for first 60 seconds of main shaft torque

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 180 of 383

 Damage Equiv Load for Mainshaft Torque (1 Hz, m=3) Damage Equiv Load for Mainshaft Torque (1 Hz, m=6)
300 450

400
250
350
DEL Mainshaft Torque (kNm)

DEL Mainshaft Torque (kNm)

200 300

250
150
200

100 150

100
50
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Damage Equiv Load for Mainshaft Torque (1 Hz, m=9) Damage Equiv Load for Mainshaft Torque (1 Hz, m=10)

550 650

500 600

550
450
DEL Mainshaft Torque (kNm)

DEL Mainshaft Torque (kNm)

500
400
450
350
400
300 350

250 300

200 250

200
150
150
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s) Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 118. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for main shaft torque

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 181 of 383

 Binned DEL for Mainshaft Torque (1 Hz, m=3) Binned DEL for Mainshaft Torque (1 Hz, m=6)
300 450

400
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3) Mainshaft Torque (kNm)

Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=6) Mainshaft Torque (kNm)

250
350

200 300

250
Min
150
Mean
200
Max

100 150
Min
Mean
100 Max
50
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Binned DEL for Mainshaft Torque (1 Hz, m=9) Binned DEL for Mainshaft Torque (1 Hz, m=10)

550 650
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=10) Mainshaft Torque (kNm)

600
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=9) Mainshaft Torque (kNm)

500
550
450
500
400
450
350
400
300 350

250 300

200 250
Min Min
200
150 Mean Mean
Max 150 Max
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 119. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for main shaft torque

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 182 of 383

 Table 62. Binned DEL Data for Main Shaft Torque
Bin Bin Bin Mean # Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of
# WS WS WS Files Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del
Low High (m=3) (m=3) (m=3) (m=6) (m=6) (m=6) (m=9) (m=9) (m=9)

1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 52.92 52.92 52.92 85.43 85.43 85.43 136.23 136.23 136.23

2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 56.43 80.43 93.51 90.42 126.65 152.29 143.80 196.75 233.15

3 5.0 6.0 5.5 10 45.51 121.02 208.39 71.40 191.87 352.57 113.71 292.73 540.08

4 6.0 7.0 6.5 11 65.70 118.43 201.85 95.79 181.85 324.71 142.55 277.36 491.95

5 7.0 8.0 7.3 3 110.52 186.05 265.18 162.35 299.89 440.49 245.92 470.50 695.42

6 8.0 9.0 8.7 1 240.28 240.28 240.28 369.07 369.07 369.07 561.53 561.53 561.53

7 9.0 10.0 9.5 2 218.24 249.66 281.08 301.19 360.03 418.87 420.40 510.51 600.63

8 10.0 11.0 10.6 4 262.74 282.38 304.90 376.83 416.02 451.77 554.90 605.92 650.97

9 11.0 12.0 11.7 4 251.19 264.90 285.38 360.47 390.34 416.20 527.71 571.41 636.53

10 12.0 13.0 12.4 8 199.35 243.79 286.92 272.37 342.97 399.39 385.77 490.83 574.24

11 13.0 14.0 13.6 7 215.91 236.25 250.87 280.01 322.54 358.76 376.23 452.45 523.21

12 14.0 15.0 14.5 13 191.54 212.88 237.85 251.74 281.16 320.47 325.35 378.74 460.47

13 15.0 16.0 15.1 2 210.01 213.09 216.16 273.84 276.31 278.79 358.73 360.20 361.67

14 16.0 17.0 16.3 3 211.33 230.23 249.73 277.06 303.24 332.21 358.80 407.46 457.31

15 17.0 18.0 17.4 5 205.92 228.15 260.77 270.58 295.40 332.03 351.18 383.45 426.04

16 18.0 19.0 18.6 6 205.84 234.56 286.62 273.12 305.51 366.46 361.23 394.54 469.21

17 19.0 20.0 19.7 2 257.14 267.33 277.51 325.13 337.26 349.40 411.66 428.27 444.88

18 20.0 21.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 22.0 23.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 183 of 383

 20-year Fatigue Load Spectrum for Mainshaft Torque
1800
Class II
Class III
1600

1400
Fatigue Range for Mainshaft Torque (kNm)

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Cumulative Rainflow Cycles

Figure 120. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for main shaft torque

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 184 of 383

 Azimuth Binning for Mainshaft Torque at V=7.4m/s

Mainshaft Torque(kNm) 200

100 min
mean
0
max
-100 std

-200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Mainshaft Torque at V=14.0m/s

1000
Mainshaft Torque(kNm)

min
800
mean
600 max
std
400

200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Mainshaft Torque at V=18.3m/s

1000
Mainshaft Torque(kNm)

800 min
mean
600 max
std
400

200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Rotor Azimuth Position
Azimuth Binning for Mainshaft Torque at V=19.8m/s

1200
Mainshaft Torque(kNm)

1000
min
800 mean
600 max
std
400

200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Rotor Azimuth Position

Figure 121. Azimuth binning for main shaft torque

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 185 of 383

 10
Power Spectral Density of Mainshaft Torque at V=7.4m/s
10
Mainshaft Torque(kNm)
5
10

0
10

-5
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Mainshaft Torque at V=14.0m/s
10
Mainshaft Torque(kNm)

5
10

0
10

-5
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Mainshaft Torque at V=18.3m/s
10
Mainshaft Torque(kNm)

5
10

0
10

-5
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Mainshaft Torque at V=19.8m/s
10
Mainshaft Torque(kNm)

5
10

0
10

-5
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 122. Power spectral density of main shaft torque

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 186 of 383

Tower-Top Normal Bending
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 123. Capture matrix for tower-top normal bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 187 of 383

 1500
Min
Mean
1000 Max
Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm)

500

-500

-1000

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)
Standard Deviation for Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm)

300

250

200

150

100

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 124. Scatterplot for tower-top normal bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 188 of 383

 Table 63. Binned Data for Tower-Top Normal Bending

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 -1,149.02 -716.28 -350.83
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 -1,162.59 -660.82 68.41
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 -1,281.65 -583.43 937.82
4 6.0 7.0 6.4 15 -1,230.48 -476.05 243.51
5 7.0 8.0 7.3 9 -1,369.73 -424.89 696.37
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 6 -1,051.03 -285.59 441.34
7 9.0 10.0 9.4 13 -1,109.53 -277.42 679.54
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 10 -1,107.21 -211.04 735.18
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 16 -1,499.59 -181.79 1,320.04
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 13 -1,024.09 -195.90 803.47
11 13.0 14.0 13.6 17 -1,182.11 -222.13 1,066.83
12 14.0 15.0 14.4 23 -1,225.21 -231.04 722.32
13 15.0 16.0 15.1 9 -1,177.88 -242.16 835.63
14 16.0 17.0 16.5 8 -1,199.30 -203.89 1,170.32
15 17.0 18.0 17.4 8 -1,303.56 -173.17 944.11
16 18.0 19.0 18.7 10 -1,384.30 -194.29 1,380.01
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 6 -1,450.50 -217.58 1,602.27
18 20.0 21.0 20.4 7 -1,478.13 -155.51 1,737.26
19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
20 22.0 23.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 189 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Normal Bending at V=7.4m/s
0
Tower-Top Normal Bending(kNm)
-200

-400

-600

-800

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Normal Bending at V=14.0m/s
400
Tower-Top Normal Bending(kNm)

200

-200

-400

-600
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Normal Bending at V=18.3m/s
1000
Tower-Top Normal Bending(kNm)

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Normal Bending at V=19.8m/s
1000
Tower-Top Normal Bending(kNm)

500

-500

-1000

-1500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 125. Time series for the first 60 seconds of tower-top normal bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 190 of 383

 Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Top Normal Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Top Normal Bending (1 Hz, m=6)
900 1200

800 1100

1000
DEL Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm)

DEL Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm)

700
900

600 800

700
500
600
400
500

300 400

300
200
200
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Top Normal Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Top Normal Bending (1 Hz, m=10)

1400 1600

1200 1400
DEL Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm)

DEL Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm)

1200
1000

1000
800
800
600
600

400
400

200
200
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s) Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 126. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-top normal bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 191 of 383

 Binned DEL for Tower-Top Normal Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Binned DEL for Tower-Top Normal Bending (1 Hz, m=6)
900 1200
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3) Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm)

Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=6) Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm)

800 1100

1000
700
900

600 800

700
500
600
400
500

300 400
Min 300 Min
200 Mean Mean
Max 200 Max
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Binned DEL for Tower-Top Normal Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Binned DEL for Tower-Top Normal Bending (1 Hz, m=10)

1400 1600
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=10) Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm)
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=9) Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm)

1200 1400

1200
1000

1000
800
800
600
600

400 Min Min

400
Mean Mean
200 Max Max
200
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 127. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-top normal bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 192 of 383

 Table 64. Binned DEL Data for Tower-Top Normal Bending
Bin Bin Bin Mean # Min of Mean Max of Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of
# WS WS WS Files Del of Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del
Low High (m=3) (m=3) (m=3) (m=6) (m=6) (m=6) (m=9) (m=9) (m=9)

1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 319.55 319.55 319.55 338.47 338.47 338.47 413.72 413.72 413.72

2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 215.95 275.74 350.51 268.76 331.54 381.14 362.81 449.28 497.01

3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 92.56 315.09 582.96 109.58 401.48 777.36 152.84 552.86 1,037.97

4 6.0 7.0 6.4 15 145.08 258.15 424.37 170.31 324.40 552.41 232.73 450.82 766.64

5 7.0 8.0 7.3 9 204.63 329.58 538.63 251.07 428.46 708.30 335.33 601.54 1,030.49

6 8.0 9.0 8.4 6 210.38 303.97 368.04 303.16 402.45 473.28 459.89 572.61 655.16

7 9.0 10.0 9.4 13 256.53 338.95 482.87 306.24 426.53 645.51 399.60 578.86 927.31

8 10.0 11.0 10.6 10 293.65 430.02 625.63 360.99 533.09 755.67 485.27 712.82 986.75

9 11.0 12.0 11.4 16 329.18 442.55 518.43 400.64 572.29 753.30 526.95 791.47 1,130.21

10 12.0 13.0 12.5 13 362.93 455.83 523.77 442.66 560.91 659.64 573.72 745.25 918.74

11 13.0 14.0 13.6 17 390.59 470.71 574.32 476.83 587.89 751.04 630.50 791.20 1,072.33

12 14.0 15.0 14.4 23 397.72 480.07 546.84 485.85 595.59 691.19 635.56 789.71 935.13

13 15.0 16.0 15.1 9 459.61 488.55 518.38 565.98 622.89 692.63 758.05 853.42 985.77

14 16.0 17.0 16.5 8 505.05 573.02 717.41 607.22 723.86 910.32 782.61 989.97 1,245.01

15 17.0 18.0 17.4 8 450.15 579.27 699.17 560.61 712.34 856.84 759.88 935.82 1,101.98

16 18.0 19.0 18.7 10 534.96 643.06 806.53 651.86 802.83 1,050.63 857.21 1,065.20 1,447.78

17 19.0 20.0 19.6 6 609.86 749.75 842.42 772.44 969.10 1,092.84 1,063.22 1,327.31 1,485.24

18 20.0 21.0 20.4 7 620.33 805.43 903.27 768.34 1,042.90 1,223.88 1,021.50 1,416.92 1,717.06

19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 22.0 23.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 193 of 383

 20-year Fatigue Load Spectrum for Tower-Top Normal Bending
3500
Class II
Class III
3000
Fatigue Range for Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm)

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Cumulative Rainflow Cycles

Figure 128. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for tower-top normal bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 194 of 383

 10
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Normal Bending at V=7.4m/s
10
Tower-Top Normal Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Normal Bending at V=14.0m/s
10
Tower-Top Normal Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Normal Bending at V=18.3m/s
10
Tower-Top Normal Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Normal Bending at V=19.8m/s
10
Tower-Top Normal Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 129. Power spectral density of tower-top normal bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 195 of 383

Tower-Top Lateral Bending
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 130. Capture matrix for tower-top lateral bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 196 of 383

 1600

1400
Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm)

1200

1000

800

600

400

200 Min
Mean
0
Max
-200
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)
Standard Deviation for Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm)

250

200

150

100

50
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 131. Scatterplot for tower-top lateral bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 197 of 383

 Table 65. Binned Data for Tower-Top Lateral Bending

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 -184.53 255.38 530.89
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 -39.03 260.29 551.35
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 -148.78 272.90 1,006.87
4 6.0 7.0 6.4 14 59.15 359.12 973.37
5 7.0 8.0 7.3 9 -94.89 365.01 1,427.84
6 8.0 9.0 8.5 4 107.92 539.89 1,055.76
7 9.0 10.0 9.4 13 164.80 630.17 1,374.08
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 9 194.09 738.89 1,402.28
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 13 40.70 804.49 1,311.24
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 11 296.39 881.64 1,298.65
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 19 132.95 905.48 1,337.91
12 14.0 15.0 14.4 23 406.13 917.22 1,372.41
13 15.0 16.0 15.1 11 427.10 921.73 1,506.65
14 16.0 17.0 16.5 8 447.65 902.78 1,348.78
15 17.0 18.0 17.4 8 442.36 863.49 1,700.37
16 18.0 19.0 18.7 9 446.12 914.63 1,522.32
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 6 439.45 930.73 1,455.81
18 20.0 21.0 20.5 5 -264.34 854.58 1,443.12
19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
20 22.0 23.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 198 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Lateral Bending at V=7.4m/s
500
Tower-Top Lateral Bending(kNm)
400

300

200

100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Lateral Bending at V=14.0m/s
900
Tower-Top Lateral Bending(kNm)

800

700

600

500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Lateral Bending at V=18.3m/s
1400
Tower-Top Lateral Bending(kNm)

1200

1000

800

600
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Lateral Bending at V=19.8m/s
1600
Tower-Top Lateral Bending(kNm)

1400

1200

1000

800

600
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 132. Time series for the first 60 seconds of tower-top lateral bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 199 of 383

 Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Top Lateral Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Top Lateral Bending (1 Hz, m=6)
500
350
450
DEL Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm)

DEL Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm)

300 400

350
250
300

200
250

150 200

150
100
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Top Lateral Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Top Lateral Bending (1 Hz, m=10)
650

600 700

550
DEL Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm)

DEL Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm)

600
500

450
500
400

350
400
300

250 300

200
200
150

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s) Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 133. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-top lateral bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 200 of 383

 Binned DEL for Tower-Top Lateral Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Binned DEL for Tower-Top Lateral Bending (1 Hz, m=6)
500
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3) Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm)

Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=6) Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm)

350
450

300 400

350
250
300

200
250

150 200
Min Min
150
Mean Mean
100
Max Max
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Binned DEL for Tower-Top Lateral Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Binned DEL for Tower-Top Lateral Bending (1 Hz, m=10)
650
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=10) Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm)
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=9) Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm)

600 700

550
600
500

450
500
400

350
400
300

250 300
Min Min
200
Mean Mean
200
150 Max Max

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 134. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-top lateral bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 201 of 383

 Table 66. Binned DEL Data for Tower-Top Lateral Bending
Bin Bin Bin Mean # Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of
# WS WS WS Files Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del
Low High (m=3) (m=3) (m=3) (m=6) (m=6) (m=6) (m=9) (m=9) (m=9)

1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 243.82 243.82 243.82 265.77 265.77 265.77 357.69 357.69 357.69

2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 104.68 163.41 237.11 138.15 187.53 253.53 198.62 251.52 315.99

3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 70.72 150.39 274.92 88.89 196.20 368.17 138.41 288.14 569.65

4 6.0 7.0 6.4 14 80.82 160.05 274.28 99.96 215.80 364.19 153.96 305.64 461.28

5 7.0 8.0 7.3 9 124.45 180.90 280.81 179.84 279.99 470.22 277.74 428.92 749.46

6 8.0 9.0 8.5 4 166.08 183.32 198.63 248.78 269.82 298.03 373.16 399.05 444.78

7 9.0 10.0 9.4 13 132.54 182.69 246.32 178.19 262.87 379.58 262.14 385.92 587.95

8 10.0 11.0 10.6 9 178.34 238.88 297.12 254.17 339.56 416.74 365.51 495.87 615.04

9 11.0 12.0 11.4 13 203.54 230.18 245.30 287.12 326.43 399.64 409.65 474.42 611.82

10 12.0 13.0 12.5 11 168.11 220.46 258.76 228.69 297.39 351.49 322.46 418.27 496.85

11 13.0 14.0 13.5 19 180.77 220.61 269.87 229.31 287.15 369.14 305.43 393.02 521.43

12 14.0 15.0 14.4 23 188.81 215.88 241.35 235.72 277.15 315.01 301.15 373.57 443.82

13 15.0 16.0 15.1 11 208.17 225.65 268.61 257.03 291.16 369.49 330.54 394.72 533.75

14 16.0 17.0 16.5 8 210.47 237.08 276.02 266.63 297.08 335.00 341.19 386.21 426.91

15 17.0 18.0 17.4 8 181.63 237.76 292.07 237.19 307.61 402.94 317.10 410.91 610.83

16 18.0 19.0 18.7 9 219.76 264.93 337.74 275.50 333.98 427.86 358.72 437.94 578.62

17 19.0 20.0 19.6 6 227.11 311.71 355.54 286.04 384.06 428.44 366.32 492.29 540.76

18 20.0 21.0 20.5 5 277.02 347.49 382.69 346.21 463.93 514.11 447.99 641.33 777.17

19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 22.0 23.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 202 of 383

 20-year Fatigue Load Spectrum for Tower-Top Lateral Bending
1600
Class II
Class III
1400
Fatigue Range for Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm)

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Cumulative Rainflow Cycles

Figure 135. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for tower-top lateral bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 203 of 383

 10
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Lateral Bending at V=7.4m/s
10
Tower-Top Lateral Bending(kNm)
5
10

0
10

-5
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Lateral Bending at V=14.0m/s
10
Tower-Top Lateral Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Lateral Bending at V=18.3m/s
10
Tower-Top Lateral Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Lateral Bending at V=19.8m/s
10
Tower-Top Lateral Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 136. Power spectral density of tower-top lateral bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 204 of 383

Tower-Top Torque
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 137. Capture matrix for tower-top torque

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 205 of 383

 1500
Min
1000 Mean
Max
500
Tower-Top Torque (kNm)

-500

-1000

-1500

-2000
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

350
Standard Deviation for Tower-Top Torque (kNm)

300

250

200

150

100

50
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 138. Scatterplot for tower-top torque

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 206 of 383

 Table 67. Binned Data for Tower-Top Torque

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 -356.57 -71.94 263.82
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 -546.97 -19.57 401.35
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 -868.08 -25.85 685.55
4 6.0 7.0 6.5 18 -648.75 -36.43 697.05
5 7.0 8.0 7.3 10 -825.02 -17.74 1,029.92
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 6 -587.75 3.39 929.04
7 9.0 10.0 9.5 16 -1,900.59 -11.50 688.31
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 11 -933.12 7.80 904.04
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 19 -1,177.87 -10.43 1,626.87
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 18 -841.47 5.26 945.90
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 22 -1,107.94 1.08 986.10
12 14.0 15.0 14.3 22 -1,045.35 28.97 1,243.75
13 15.0 16.0 15.3 11 -1,037.72 -5.77 981.68
14 16.0 17.0 16.5 10 -1,275.80 11.77 1,291.35
15 17.0 18.0 17.4 7 -1,415.25 -15.42 1,144.16
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 15 -1,388.47 30.15 1,389.20
17 19.0 20.0 19.5 8 -1,675.66 12.00 1,536.01
18 20.0 21.0 20.4 7 -2,054.04 22.87 1,397.90
19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
20 22.0 23.0 22.7 1 -1,287.86 12.37 1,269.62
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 207 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Torque at V=7.4m/s
400
Tower-Top Torque(kNm)
200

-200

-400
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Torque at V=14.0m/s
1000
Tower-Top Torque(kNm)

500

-500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Torque at V=18.3m/s
1000
Tower-Top Torque(kNm)

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Top Torque at V=19.8m/s
1000
Tower-Top Torque(kNm)

500

-500

-1000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 139. Time series for the first 60 seconds of tower-top torque

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 208 of 383

 Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Top Torque (1 Hz, m=3) Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Top Torque (1 Hz, m=6)
1000

1200
900

800
1000
DEL Tower-Top Torque (kNm)

DEL Tower-Top Torque (kNm)

700

800
600

500
600

400

300 400

200
200
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Top Torque (1 Hz, m=9) Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Top Torque (1 Hz, m=10)

1400 1600

1400
1200
DEL Tower-Top Torque (kNm)

DEL Tower-Top Torque (kNm)

1200
1000

1000
800
800
600
600

400
400

200 200
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s) Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 140. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-top torque

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 209 of 383

 Binned DEL for Tower-Top Torque (1 Hz, m=3) Binned DEL for Tower-Top Torque (1 Hz, m=6)
1000

1200
900
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3) Tower-Top Torque (kNm)

Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=6) Tower-Top Torque (kNm)

800
1000

700

800
600

500
600
400

300 400
Min Min
Mean Mean
200 Max Max
200
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Binned DEL for Tower-Top Torque (1 Hz, m=9) Binned DEL for Tower-Top Torque (1 Hz, m=10)

Min Min
1400 Mean 1600 Mean
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=10) Tower-Top Torque (kNm)
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=9) Tower-Top Torque (kNm)

Max Max
1400
1200

1200
1000

1000
800
800
600
600

400
400

200 200
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 141. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-top torque

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 210 of 383

 Table 68. Binned DEL Data for Tower-Top Torque
Bin Bin Bin Mean # Min of Mean Max of Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of
# WS WS WS Files Del of Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del
Low High (m=3) (m=3) (m=3) (m=6) (m=6) (m=6) (m=9) (m=9) (m=9)

1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 215.48 215.48 215.48 240.09 240.09 240.09 312.78 312.78 312.78

2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 241.55 263.98 305.99 277.47 318.46 393.25 363.17 417.10 530.53

3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 128.40 309.59 452.04 152.86 388.07 597.33 193.34 518.91 804.50

4 6.0 7.0 6.5 18 186.16 268.71 431.55 208.78 325.38 514.46 247.95 423.23 635.65

5 7.0 8.0 7.3 10 213.77 335.57 469.36 248.87 412.99 636.66 308.32 544.46 929.79

6 8.0 9.0 8.4 6 229.39 322.05 388.53 263.19 397.50 497.63 319.70 529.46 700.16

7 9.0 10.0 9.5 16 264.11 374.72 488.74 316.21 478.48 781.35 393.99 646.40 1,212.25

8 10.0 11.0 10.6 11 259.26 402.48 523.39 309.42 488.89 646.48 389.66 642.02 862.24

9 11.0 12.0 11.4 19 408.58 471.72 552.36 494.03 595.01 727.71 629.06 806.53 1,103.75

10 12.0 13.0 12.5 18 379.34 471.47 612.78 448.36 565.77 735.18 558.10 729.37 959.28

11 13.0 14.0 13.5 22 385.26 490.68 559.92 471.11 599.55 688.47 628.72 795.40 932.65

12 14.0 15.0 14.3 22 375.66 507.74 596.90 455.21 623.52 742.76 595.18 823.92 1,043.12

13 15.0 16.0 15.3 11 457.86 524.74 593.42 557.79 649.54 738.23 701.55 861.21 991.38

14 16.0 17.0 16.5 10 478.89 610.94 737.51 571.32 748.17 922.34 728.05 986.26 1,252.13

15 17.0 18.0 17.4 7 498.36 681.70 828.92 593.99 846.76 1,028.42 760.37 1,123.78 1,361.00

16 18.0 19.0 18.6 15 590.35 728.03 871.14 722.27 897.68 1,093.56 946.89 1,183.42 1,454.30

17 19.0 20.0 19.5 8 707.20 822.14 897.45 906.37 1,043.18 1,162.12 1,247.21 1,420.07 1,609.29

18 20.0 21.0 20.4 7 676.68 897.18 1,006.01 820.02 1,136.56 1,304.21 1,063.22 1,530.26 1,795.85

19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 22.0 23.0 22.7 1 844.87 844.87 844.87 1,060.92 1,060.92 1,060.92 1,413.01 1,413.01 1,413.01

21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 211 of 383

 20-year Fatigue Load Spectrum for Tower-Top Torque
3500
Class II
Class III
3000
Fatigue Range for Tower-Top Torque (kNm)

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Cumulative Rainflow Cycles

Figure 142. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for tower-top torque

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 212 of 383

 6
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Torque at V=7.4m/s
10
Tower-Top Torque(kNm)
4
10

2
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
6
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Torque at V=14.0m/s
10
Tower-Top Torque(kNm)

4
10

2
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Torque at V=18.3m/s
10
Tower-Top Torque(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
6
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Top Torque at V=19.8m/s
10
Tower-Top Torque(kNm)

4
10

2
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 143. Power spectral density of tower-top torque

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 213 of 383

Tower-Base Normal Bending
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 144. Capture matrix for tower-base normal bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 214 of 383

 Min
Mean
15000
Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm)

Max

10000

5000

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)
Standard Deviation for Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm)

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 145. Scatterplot for tower-base normal bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 215 of 383

 Table 69. Binned Data for Tower-Base Normal Bending

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 328.41 2,140.26 5,318.86
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 463.88 2,972.27 9,897.02
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 -121.15 4,410.42 14,828.62
4 6.0 7.0 6.5 15 -1,019.57 6,254.84 13,838.58
5 7.0 8.0 7.3 7 -99.06 7,400.05 16,327.88
6 8.0 9.0 8.3 9 568.07 10,055.18 15,934.91
7 9.0 10.0 9.5 16 3,221.44 11,368.53 19,109.44
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 11 2,147.80 11,681.87 16,833.23
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 20 2,459.26 11,539.41 17,342.28
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 13 1,035.51 11,181.80 18,195.95
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 21 1,336.56 10,108.96 16,517.02
12 14.0 15.0 14.5 22 3,150.80 9,339.03 19,924.30
13 15.0 16.0 15.3 11 1,508.94 8,770.67 16,317.71
14 16.0 17.0 16.5 8 -2,792.49 8,510.48 18,535.56
15 17.0 18.0 17.5 9 1,508.58 8,042.16 16,339.34
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 16 -3,249.59 7,711.00 16,728.31
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 7 -3,383.85 7,444.25 16,726.79
18 20.0 21.0 20.4 5 -2,483.22 7,425.14 15,454.35
19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
20 22.0 23.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 216 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Tower-Base Normal Bending at V=7.4m/s
8000
Tower-Base Normal Bending(kNm)

6000

4000

2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
4
x 10 First 60 seconds of Tower-Base Normal Bending at V=14.0m/s
1.6
Tower-Base Normal Bending(kNm)

1.4

1.2

0.8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Base Normal Bending at V=18.3m/s
14000
Tower-Base Normal Bending(kNm)

12000

10000

8000

6000

4000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Base Normal Bending at V=19.8m/s
15000
Tower-Base Normal Bending(kNm)

10000

5000

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 146. Time series for the first 60 seconds of tower-base normal bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 217 of 383

 Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Base Normal Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Base Normal Bending (1 Hz, m=6)
5500
7000
5000
DEL Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm)

DEL Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm)

4500
6000

4000
5000
3500

3000
4000
2500

3000
2000

1500
2000
1000

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Base Normal Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Base Normal Bending (1 Hz, m=10)

9000
10000

8000
9000
DEL Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm)

DEL Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm)

7000 8000

6000 7000

6000
5000

5000
4000
4000
3000
3000
2000
2000
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s) Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 147. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-base normal bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 218 of 383

 Binned DEL for Tower-Base Normal Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Binned DEL for Tower-Base Normal Bending (1 Hz, m=6)
5500
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3) Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm)

Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=6) Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm)

7000
5000

4500
6000
4000
5000
3500

3000
4000
2500

3000
2000
Min Min
1500
Mean 2000 Mean
1000 Max Max

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Binned DEL for Tower-Base Normal Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Binned DEL for Tower-Base Normal Bending (1 Hz, m=10)

9000
Min
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=10) Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm)
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=9) Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm)

10000
Mean
8000 Max
9000

7000 8000

6000 7000

6000
5000

5000
4000
4000
3000 Min
Mean 3000
2000 Max
2000
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 148. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-base normal bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 219 of 383

 Table 70. Binned DEL Data for Tower-Base Normal Bending
Bin Bin Bin Mean # Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of
# WS WS WS Files Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del
Low High (m=3) (m=3) (m=3) (m=6) (m=6) (m=6) (m=9) (m=9) (m=9)

1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 982.85 982.85 982.85 1,542.15 1,542.15 1,542.15 2,455.94 2,455.94 2,455.94

2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 1,088.53 1,544.80 1,800.62 1,786.06 2,529.14 3,011.95 2,850.35 3,941.07 4,612.85

3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 764.83 2,048.36 2,768.33 1,247.09 3,341.53 4,675.41 1,995.41 5,118.62 7,186.18

4 6.0 7.0 6.5 15 1,342.99 1,928.07 3,066.79 2,276.08 3,157.82 4,981.71 3,497.55 4,842.39 7,549.58

5 7.0 8.0 7.3 7 1,497.81 2,295.38 3,385.79 2,373.36 3,670.89 5,451.48 3,565.05 5,585.55 8,266.57

6 8.0 9.0 8.3 9 1,501.41 2,250.36 3,264.76 2,415.90 3,670.51 5,085.38 3,668.31 5,606.82 7,417.26

7 9.0 10.0 9.5 16 1,671.75 2,583.79 3,444.00 2,301.12 3,904.94 5,542.17 3,253.56 5,739.54 8,291.05

8 10.0 11.0 10.6 11 1,907.08 2,691.54 3,697.87 2,581.24 3,794.64 5,388.55 3,645.25 5,352.32 7,355.49

9 11.0 12.0 11.4 20 1,990.93 2,590.24 3,268.41 2,707.10 3,652.01 4,605.94 3,805.36 5,195.03 6,839.90

10 12.0 13.0 12.5 13 2,120.43 2,653.91 3,453.19 2,974.20 3,780.01 5,162.06 4,216.88 5,428.43 7,974.30

11 13.0 14.0 13.5 21 2,263.85 2,867.49 3,441.29 3,170.92 4,031.29 5,005.46 4,474.70 5,712.41 7,224.84

12 14.0 15.0 14.5 22 2,249.19 3,045.19 3,527.61 3,267.02 4,321.51 5,394.26 4,798.16 6,178.61 8,125.16

13 15.0 16.0 15.3 11 2,405.11 2,747.55 3,285.31 3,222.06 3,754.56 4,729.53 4,431.66 5,246.56 6,931.32

14 16.0 17.0 16.5 8 2,832.07 3,847.70 4,892.36 3,903.90 5,408.58 7,236.35 5,546.02 7,752.63 10,740.38

15 17.0 18.0 17.5 9 2,531.58 3,765.16 4,633.93 3,391.04 4,906.75 5,974.93 4,710.37 6,536.39 7,883.62

16 18.0 19.0 18.6 16 3,158.43 4,274.78 5,202.49 4,227.16 5,585.17 7,135.85 5,515.10 7,513.96 10,084.94

17 19.0 20.0 19.6 7 3,704.23 4,935.17 5,651.24 4,828.69 6,495.08 7,680.16 6,552.56 8,734.33 10,649.64

18 20.0 21.0 20.4 5 3,742.33 4,970.87 5,662.76 4,846.39 6,325.36 7,250.68 6,373.76 8,252.54 9,533.79

19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 22.0 23.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 220 of 383

 4
x 10 20-year Fatigue Load Spectrum for Tower-Base Normal Bending
2.5
Class II
Class III

2
Fatigue Range for Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm)

1.5

0.5

0
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Cumulative Rainflow Cycles

Figure 149. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for tower-base normal bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 221 of 383

 10
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Base Normal Bending at V=7.4m/s
10
Tower-Base Normal Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Base Normal Bending at V=14.0m/s
10
Tower-Base Normal Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Base Normal Bending at V=18.3m/s
10
Tower-Base Normal Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Base Normal Bending at V=19.8m/s
10
Tower-Base Normal Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 150. Power spectral density of tower-base normal bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 222 of 383

Tower-Base Lateral Bending
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 151. Capture matrix for tower-base lateral bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 223 of 383

 8000 Min
Mean
Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm)

6000 Max

4000

2000

-2000

-4000

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)
Standard Deviation for Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm)

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 152. Scatterplot for tower-base lateral bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 224 of 383

 Table 71. Binned Data for Tower-Base Lateral Bending

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 -884.65 -33.92 876.57
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 -1,576.01 139.05 1,564.84
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 -1,708.72 138.51 2,591.90
4 6.0 7.0 6.5 9 -2,027.95 88.04 1,689.71
5 7.0 8.0 7.3 3 -2,036.28 45.96 5,390.45
6 8.0 9.0 8.5 2 -2,582.85 -242.90 2,150.12
7 9.0 10.0 9.3 5 -2,423.31 -101.59 2,570.20
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 6 -2,857.02 120.19 3,466.78
9 11.0 12.0 11.6 5 -2,189.41 417.63 3,622.78
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 9 -2,830.91 385.97 3,526.11
11 13.0 14.0 13.6 15 -2,830.46 479.45 3,521.28
12 14.0 15.0 14.4 15 -3,419.75 437.19 4,382.73
13 15.0 16.0 15.1 8 -3,187.61 468.08 3,989.09
14 16.0 17.0 16.4 6 -2,562.67 820.09 5,531.17
15 17.0 18.0 17.3 6 -3,944.66 1,156.85 5,852.17
16 18.0 19.0 18.7 9 -3,829.99 1,262.19 9,547.81
17 19.0 20.0 19.7 4 -5,448.96 1,134.72 7,721.29
18 20.0 21.0 20.0 1 -3,383.09 874.39 4,737.94
19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
20 22.0 23.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 225 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Tower-Base Lateral Bending at V=7.4m/s
2000
Tower-Base Lateral Bending(kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Base Lateral Bending at V=14.0m/s
2000
Tower-Base Lateral Bending(kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Base Lateral Bending at V=18.3m/s
6000
Tower-Base Lateral Bending(kNm)

4000

2000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Tower-Base Lateral Bending at V=19.8m/s
6000
Tower-Base Lateral Bending(kNm)

4000

2000

-2000

-4000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 153. Time series for the first 60 seconds of tower-base lateral bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 226 of 383

 Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Base Lateral Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Base Lateral Bending (1 Hz, m=6)
6000

4500 5500

5000
DEL Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm)

DEL Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm)

4000
4500
3500
4000

3000 3500

2500 3000

2500
2000
2000

1500 1500

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Base Lateral Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Damage Equiv Load for Tower-Base Lateral Bending (1 Hz, m=10)

6500 7000
6000
DEL Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm)

DEL Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm)

5500 6000

5000

4500 5000

4000
4000
3500

3000
3000
2500

2000
2000
1500

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s) Mean HH Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 154. DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-base lateral bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 227 of 383

 Binned DEL for Tower-Base Lateral Bending (1 Hz, m=3) Binned DEL for Tower-Base Lateral Bending (1 Hz, m=6)
6000
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3) Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm) Min Min

Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=6) Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm)

4500 5500
Mean Mean
Max Max
5000
4000
4500
3500
4000

3000 3500

2500 3000

2500
2000
2000

1500 1500

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Binned DEL for Tower-Base Lateral Bending (1 Hz, m=9) Binned DEL for Tower-Base Lateral Bending (1 Hz, m=10)

Min Min
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=10) Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm)

6500
Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=9) Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm)

7000
Mean Mean
6000
Max Max
5500 6000

5000

4500 5000

4000
4000
3500

3000
3000
2500

2000
2000
1500

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s) Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 155. Binned DEL (1 Hz, m=3, 6, 9, 10) for tower-base lateral bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 228 of 383

 Table 72. Binned DEL Data for Tower-Base Lateral Bending
Bin Bin Bin Mean # Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of Min of Mean of Max of
# WS WS WS Files Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del Del
Low High (m=3) (m=3) (m=3) (m=6) (m=6) (m=6) (m=9) (m=9) (m=9)

1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 1,071.06 1,071.06 1,071.06 1,021.02 1,021.02 1,021.02 1,093.34 1,093.34 1,093.34

2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 1,126.44 1,264.46 1,444.77 1,110.95 1,310.92 1,565.29 1,237.89 1,499.89 1,809.92

3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 1,111.78 1,312.71 1,498.69 1,080.98 1,377.38 1,642.50 1,199.90 1,636.21 2,054.30

4 6.0 7.0 6.5 9 1,224.88 1,400.60 1,504.25 1,157.91 1,424.96 1,576.27 1,214.92 1,622.10 1,816.87

5 7.0 8.0 7.3 3 1,645.58 1,715.32 1,763.25 1,800.75 2,089.95 2,467.09 2,178.05 2,766.38 3,729.85

6 8.0 9.0 8.5 2 1,752.25 1,859.88 1,967.50 1,874.59 1,998.67 2,122.76 2,211.36 2,406.46 2,601.55

7 9.0 10.0 9.3 5 1,850.05 1,926.35 1,980.69 1,907.78 2,006.08 2,128.13 2,183.85 2,318.45 2,512.95

8 10.0 11.0 10.6 6 2,030.29 2,280.19 2,538.41 2,171.25 2,477.95 2,844.28 2,544.54 2,902.79 3,380.02

9 11.0 12.0 11.6 5 1,957.13 2,253.50 2,423.14 2,146.66 2,482.76 2,685.30 2,564.20 2,939.82 3,136.65

10 12.0 13.0 12.5 9 2,010.93 2,331.51 2,582.94 2,164.67 2,547.78 2,931.93 2,542.14 2,988.82 3,507.75

11 13.0 14.0 13.6 15 2,070.98 2,316.19 2,670.99 2,222.66 2,546.86 3,079.45 2,581.59 2,995.44 3,711.96

12 14.0 15.0 14.4 15 2,078.30 2,472.34 3,340.10 2,257.22 2,786.99 3,833.00 2,659.91 3,314.99 4,465.46

13 15.0 16.0 15.1 8 2,173.05 2,460.62 2,768.11 2,474.96 2,801.46 3,238.34 2,952.06 3,355.65 3,924.05

14 16.0 17.0 16.4 6 2,305.42 2,597.33 3,133.57 2,561.18 2,974.87 3,668.13 2,974.17 3,557.88 4,479.79

15 17.0 18.0 17.3 6 2,228.96 2,988.20 3,524.49 2,572.18 3,508.59 4,310.26 3,136.28 4,230.59 5,382.65

16 18.0 19.0 18.7 9 2,758.65 3,327.81 4,191.25 3,200.03 3,978.89 5,230.70 3,777.74 4,912.92 6,919.41

17 19.0 20.0 19.7 4 2,698.23 3,716.08 4,910.21 3,151.91 4,518.86 6,076.24 3,801.75 5,663.47 7,628.19

18 20.0 21.0 20.0 1 3,341.98 3,341.98 3,341.98 3,954.01 3,954.01 3,954.01 4,833.73 4,833.73 4,833.73

19 21.0 22.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

20 22.0 23.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 229 of 383

 20-year Fatigue Load Spectrum for Tower-Base Lateral Bending
14000
Class II
Class III
12000
Fatigue Range for Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm)

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Cumulative Rainflow Cycles

Figure 156. Twenty-year fatigue load spectrum for tower-base lateral bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 230 of 383

 6
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Base Lateral Bending at V=7.4m/s
10
Tower-Base Lateral Bending(kNm)
4
10

2
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
8
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Base Lateral Bending at V=14.0m/s
10
Tower-Base Lateral Bending(kNm)

6
10

4
10

2
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Base Lateral Bending at V=18.3m/s
10
Tower-Base Lateral Bending(kNm)

5
10

0
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)
8
Power Spectral Density of Tower-Base Lateral Bending at V=19.8m/s
10
Tower-Base Lateral Bending(kNm)

6
10

4
10

2
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Frequency (Hz)

Figure 157. Power spectral density of tower-base lateral bending

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 231 of 383

Hub-Height Wind Speed
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 158. Capture matrix for hub-height wind speed

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 232 of 383

 Min
30
Mean
Max
Hub Height Wind Speed (m/s)

25

20

15

10

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)
Standard Deviation for Hub Height Wind Speed (m/s)

3.5

2.5

1.5

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 159. Scatterplot for hub-height wind speed

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 233 of 383

 Table 73. Binned Data for Hub-Height Wind Speed

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 1.80 3.96 8.02
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 2.25 4.76 10.59
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 1.15 5.50 14.66
4 6.0 7.0 6.6 25 1.29 6.57 12.83
5 7.0 8.0 7.4 28 0.28 7.37 14.25
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 19 1.89 8.40 13.52
7 9.0 10.0 9.5 24 3.95 9.47 17.32
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 16 4.36 10.62 20.62
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 26 3.95 11.39 21.99
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 24 6.05 12.49 20.02
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 31 0.24 13.53 21.58
12 14.0 15.0 14.5 32 5.83 14.47 21.58
13 15.0 16.0 15.3 14 8.44 15.27 21.90
14 16.0 17.0 16.6 14 7.93 16.55 27.07
15 17.0 18.0 17.5 11 9.35 17.46 26.29
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 17 10.31 18.61 28.72
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 13 9.26 19.59 30.28
18 20.0 21.0 20.4 10 8.25 20.41 33.89
19 21.0 22.0 21.4 3 12.24 21.41 34.95
20 22.0 23.0 22.8 4 12.65 22.77 32.11
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 234 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Hub Height Wind Speed at V=7.4m/s
12
Hub Height Wind Speed(m/s) 10

2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Hub Height Wind Speed at V=14.0m/s
12
Hub Height Wind Speed(m/s)

11

10

7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Hub Height Wind Speed at V=18.3m/s
25
Hub Height Wind Speed(m/s)

20

15

10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Hub Height Wind Speed at V=19.8m/s
30
Hub Height Wind Speed(m/s)

25

20

15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 160. Time series for the first 60 seconds of hub-height wind speed

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 235 of 383

Wind Speed at 87 m
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 161. Capture matrix for wind speed at 87 m

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 236 of 383

 Min
30
Mean
Max
25
Wind Speed at 87m (m/s)

20

15

10

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

3.5
Standard Deviation for Wind Speed at 87m (m/s)

2.5

1.5

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 162. Scatterplot for wind speed at 87 m

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 237 of 383

 Table 74. Binned Data for Wind Speed at 87 m

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 4.0 5.0 4.7 2 1.48 4.23 10.53
3 5.0 6.0 5.6 5 1.79 5.37 14.65
4 6.0 7.0 6.8 3 3.00 6.60 10.48
5 7.0 8.0 7.5 8 2.69 7.22 12.45
6 8.0 9.0 8.3 3 2.33 8.24 12.72
7 9.0 10.0 9.3 8 4.84 9.16 14.51
8 10.0 11.0 10.7 9 5.64 10.61 18.37
9 11.0 12.0 11.6 9 5.96 11.52 20.47
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 11 6.18 12.20 18.59
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 25 6.85 13.40 21.01
12 14.0 15.0 14.5 20 7.53 14.42 21.23
13 15.0 16.0 15.2 11 8.42 14.91 21.81
14 16.0 17.0 16.6 9 7.61 16.48 24.64
15 17.0 18.0 17.5 9 9.00 17.45 27.86
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 16 9.81 18.69 28.49
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 11 9.41 19.78 30.50
18 20.0 21.0 20.4 10 10.71 20.50 34.49
19 21.0 22.0 21.4 3 13.62 21.58 32.30
20 22.0 23.0 22.8 4 14.24 22.81 33.06
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 238 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Wind Speed at 87m at V=7.4m/s
Wind Speed at 87m(m/s) 8

3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Wind Speed at 87m at V=14.0m/s
12
Wind Speed at 87m(m/s)

11

10

7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Wind Speed at 87m at V=18.3m/s
25
Wind Speed at 87m(m/s)

20

15

10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Wind Speed at 87m at V=19.8m/s
30
Wind Speed at 87m(m/s)

25

20

15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 163. Time series for the first 60 seconds of wind speed at 87 m

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 239 of 383

Air Pressure
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 164. Capture matrix for air pressure

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 240 of 383

 Min
81 Mean
Max

80.5
Air Pressure (kPa)

80

79.5

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

0.04
Standard Deviation for Air Pressure (kPa)

0.035

0.03

0.025

0.02

0.015

0.01

0.005

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 165. Scatterplot for air pressure

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 241 of 383

 Table 75. Binned Data for Air Pressure

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 80.41 80.43 80.43
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 80.04 80.54 81.32
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 80.13 80.53 81.34
4 6.0 7.0 6.6 25 80.27 80.88 81.26
5 7.0 8.0 7.4 28 79.43 80.78 81.34
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 19 80.24 81.03 81.22
7 9.0 10.0 9.5 24 79.59 80.76 81.33
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 16 79.49 80.53 81.31
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 26 79.35 80.92 81.34
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 24 79.37 80.77 81.33
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 31 79.33 80.54 81.32
12 14.0 15.0 14.5 32 79.29 80.80 81.33
13 15.0 16.0 15.3 14 79.32 80.47 81.30
14 16.0 17.0 16.6 14 79.89 80.63 81.29
15 17.0 18.0 17.5 11 80.13 80.73 81.29
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 17 79.25 80.35 81.10
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 13 79.80 80.18 80.34
18 20.0 21.0 20.4 10 79.10 80.12 80.33
19 21.0 22.0 21.4 3 79.10 79.90 80.28
20 22.0 23.0 22.8 4 79.19 79.74 80.28
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 242 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Air Pressure at V=7.4m/s
80.365

80.36
Air Pressure(kPa)

80.355

80.35

80.345
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Air Pressure at V=14.0m/s
81.16

81.15
Air Pressure(kPa)

81.14

81.13

81.12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Air Pressure at V=18.3m/s
81.15

81.1
Air Pressure(kPa)

81.05

81

80.95
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Air Pressure at V=19.8m/s
80.05

80
Air Pressure(kPa)

79.95

79.9

79.85
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 166. Time series for the first 60 seconds of air pressure

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 243 of 383

Temperature
Turbulence Intensity

Figure 167. Capture matrix for temperature

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 244 of 383

 Min
Mean
15
Max
Temperature (deg C)

10

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

0.7
Standard Deviation for Temperature (deg C)

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)

Figure 168. Scatterplot for temperature

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 245 of 383

 Table 76. Binned Data for Temperature

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 15.70 15.81 15.88
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 -3.95 9.39 19.80
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 -3.95 7.11 16.41
4 6.0 7.0 6.6 25 1.18 8.89 16.26
5 7.0 8.0 7.4 28 -4.11 7.04 16.22
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 19 6.98 8.42 16.05
7 9.0 10.0 9.5 24 3.92 9.55 16.15
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 16 3.41 8.80 16.17
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 26 3.70 7.09 9.91
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 24 -2.86 6.53 15.98
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 31 -2.46 6.76 12.67
12 14.0 15.0 14.5 32 3.50 6.23 11.08
13 15.0 16.0 15.3 14 -1.89 6.99 11.47
14 16.0 17.0 16.6 14 -1.32 5.86 13.63
15 17.0 18.0 17.5 11 -0.37 4.72 9.77
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 17 0.28 4.79 13.49
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 13 0.61 4.11 13.59
18 20.0 21.0 20.4 10 0.86 2.70 8.84
19 21.0 22.0 21.4 3 1.41 2.53 4.68
20 22.0 23.0 22.8 4 1.43 3.03 4.80
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 246 of 383

 First 60 seconds of Temperature at V=7.4m/s
-3.94

-3.96
Temperature(deg C)

-3.98

-4

-4.02

-4.04
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Temperature at V=14.0m/s
6
Temperature(deg C)

5.9

5.8

5.7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Temperature at V=18.3m/s
6.68

6.67
Temperature(deg C)

6.66

6.65

6.64

6.63
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
First 60 seconds of Temperature at V=19.8m/s
13.6
Temperature(deg C)

13.55

13.5

13.45

13.4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 169. Time series for the first 60 seconds of temperature

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 247 of 383

Turbine Yaw Error

15

10
Turbine Yaw Error Deg

-5

-10

0 5 10 15 20 25
Mean Hub-Height Wind Speed (m/s)
Figure 170. Scatterplot versus time for turbine yaw error

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 248 of 383

 Table 77. Binned Data for Turbine Yaw Error

Bin # Bin WS Low Bin WS High Mean WS # Files Min of Minimums Mean of Means Max of Maximums
1 3.0 4.0 4.0 1 -4.20 -4.20 -4.20
2 4.0 5.0 4.8 4 -2.57 2.55 6.35
3 5.0 6.0 5.5 11 -1.29 6.05 16.56
4 6.0 7.0 6.6 25 -11.86 3.69 8.70
5 7.0 8.0 7.4 28 -6.81 5.78 17.12
6 8.0 9.0 8.4 19 -4.84 4.29 9.58
7 9.0 10.0 9.5 24 -1.40 4.52 11.33
8 10.0 11.0 10.6 16 -1.91 3.29 10.36
9 11.0 12.0 11.4 26 -2.17 3.39 7.64
10 12.0 13.0 12.5 24 -0.85 3.43 6.62
11 13.0 14.0 13.5 31 0.25 2.87 6.36
12 14.0 15.0 14.5 32 -0.25 2.81 7.45
13 15.0 16.0 15.3 14 -2.58 1.58 4.46
14 16.0 17.0 16.6 14 1.22 3.30 5.52
15 17.0 18.0 17.5 11 0.45 2.91 4.85
16 18.0 19.0 18.6 17 1.24 3.02 5.62
17 19.0 20.0 19.6 13 -1.42 1.41 4.12
18 20.0 21.0 20.4 10 0.08 2.12 4.01
19 21.0 22.0 21.4 3 1.52 1.97 2.20
20 22.0 23.0 22.8 4 -0.44 0.78 2.09
21 23.0 24.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
22 24.0 25.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
23 25.0 26.0 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 249 of 383

Transient Events
Normal Start at 6.6 m/s
Table 78. Brief Statistical Description for Normal Start at 6.6 m/s
Event Description: Normal Start at 6.6 m/s
File Name: FastWaveforms 2011_03_11 14_07_43 [Link]
Date: 11-Mar-2011 14:07:00
Measured Quantity mean sdv min max
Wind Speed at 80 m (m/s) 6.6 1.6 4.2 10.1
Wind Direction at 87 m (deg) 301.4 16.2 227.5 339.5
Air Pressure (kPa) 80.3 0.0 80.3 80.3
Temperature (deg C) 15.9 0.1 15.8 16.1
Electric Power (kW) 162.1 103.1 -9.4 312.1
Rotor Speed (rpm) 12.6 1.5 11.0 15.2
Generator Speed (m/s) 991.2 115.3 860.6 1,186.2
Nacelle Yaw Angle (deg) 261.0 0.0 261.0 261.0
Blade 1 Pitch Position (deg) -1.9 0.0 -1.9 -1.9
Blade 2 Pitch Position (deg) -1.9 0.0 -1.9 -1.9
Blade 3 Pitch Position (deg) -2.1 0.0 -2.1 -2.1
Operational Status (-) 20.6 6.6 16.0 30.0
State Fault (-) 2.0 0.0 2.0 2.0
Availability Status (V) 89.9 0.0 89.9 89.9
Tower-Top Normal Acceleration (g) -0.0 0.0 -0.0 0.0
Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration (g) 0.0 0.0 -0.0 0.0
Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm) 692.5 279.6 106.5 1,348.2
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm) -53.0 458.2 -730.2 723.9
Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm) 711.7 293.4 51.1 1,358.8
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm) 59.9 457.4 -626.7 820.5
Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm) 708.7 280.0 61.6 1,359.0
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm) 78.9 453.2 -613.9 828.8
Main Shaft Bending 0 (kNm) 8.3 304.2 -493.9 600.2
Main Shaft Bending 90 (kNm) 13.7 301.4 -514.0 565.0
Main Shaft Torque (kNm) 5.7 91.5 -185.0 177.8
Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm) -710.8 138.9 -1,369.7 -148.5
Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm) 468.3 78.7 204.9 653.5
Tower-Top Torque (kNm) -31.8 147.6 -385.3 586.9
Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm) 3,622.6 2,106.5 -99.1 7,801.8
Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm) 528.8 313.2 -516.1 1,645.3

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 250 of 383

 Hub Height Wind Speed (m/s)
10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Wind Direction (deg)

320
300
280
260
240
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Yaw Error (deg)

60
40
20
0
-20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Air Pressure (kPa)

80.34

80.33

80.32
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

3
Air Density (kg/m )
0.9685

0.968

0.9675
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 171. Normal start at 6.6 m/s—met quantities

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 251 of 383

 Electrical Power (kW)
300

200

100

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Rotor Speed (rpm)
20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 1 Pitch Angle (deg)
2
0
-2
-4
-6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 2 Pitch Angle (deg)
2
0
-2
-4
-6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Nacelle Position (deg)
266
264
262
260
258
256
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Operational Status
80
60
40
20
0
-20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 172. Normal start at 6.6 m/s—wind turbine operational quantities

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 252 of 383

 Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 173. Normal start at 6.6 m/s—blade loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 253 of 383

 Mainshaft Torque(kNm)

100
0
-100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)
600
400
200
0
-200
-400
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)
500

-500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tower-Top Lateral Bending(kNm)
600
500
400
300

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tower-Top Normal Bending(kNm)
-200
-400
-600
-800
-1000
-1200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tower-Top Torque(kNm)

400
200
0
-200

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 174. Normal start at 6.6 m/s—shaft and tower-top loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 254 of 383

 Tower-Base Lateral Bending(kNm)
1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

-200

-400

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Tower-Base Normal Bending(kNm)

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 175. Normal start at 6.6 m/s—tower-base loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 255 of 383

Normal Start at 14.0 m/s
Table 79. Brief Statistical Description for Normal Start at 14.0 m/s
Event Description: Normal Start at 14.0 m/s
File Name: FastWaveforms 2011_03_09 10_16_11 [Link]
Date: 09-Mar-2011 10:16:00
Measured Quantity mean sdv min max
Wind Speed at 80 m (m/s) 14.0 2.9 8.3 18.2
Wind Direction at 87 m (deg) 280.7 6.9 259.2 294.1
Air Pressure (kPa) 81.1 0.0 81.1 81.2
Temperature (deg C) 4.5 0.1 4.3 4.5
Electric Power (kW) 271.9 353.1 -29.1 976.5
Rotor Speed (rpm) 14.4 2.2 12.3 18.4
Generator Speed (m/s) 1,136.9 174.9 967.6 1,449.8
Nacelle Yaw Angle (deg) 287.2 3.3 278.0 289.0
Blade 1 Pitch Position (deg) 17.8 2.0 14.8 20.9
Blade 2 Pitch Position (deg) 17.8 2.0 14.8 20.9
Blade 3 Pitch Position (deg) 17.8 2.0 14.8 20.8
Operational Status (-) 314.8 287.2 16.0 602.0
State Fault (-) 2.5 0.5 2.0 3.0
Availability Status (V) 90.0 0.0 90.0 90.0
Tower-Top Normal Acceleration (g) -0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1
Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration (g) 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1
Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm) 195.7 398.6 -592.8 1,140.7
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm) 42.7 414.5 -667.4 784.8
Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm) 176.8 360.0 -489.6 1,055.9
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm) 82.4 411.8 -563.9 782.1
Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm) 205.0 376.8 -417.4 1,099.2
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm) 25.5 399.1 -642.1 710.3
Main Shaft Bending 0 (kNm) 10.7 228.9 -662.9 497.6
Main Shaft Bending 90 (kNm) 16.2 215.5 -567.3 481.4
Main Shaft Torque (kNm) 5.7 272.7 -279.9 548.1
Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm) -614.1 238.6 -1,243.1 201.1
Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm) 143.5 199.0 -123.1 556.0
Tower-Top Torque (kNm) 174.9 199.1 -380.9 733.7
Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm) 2,065.4 2,534.5 -1,378.1 7,137.7
Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm) -82.2 562.5 -2,049.6 1,747.8

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 256 of 383

 Hub Height Wind Speed (m/s)
18
16
14
12
10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Wind Direction (deg)

290

280

270

260
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Yaw Error (deg)

10
0

-10
-20

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Air Pressure (kPa)

81.16

81.14

81.12

81.1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

3
Air Density (kg/m )

1.0182
1.018
1.0178
1.0176
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 176. Normal start at 14.0 m/s—met quantities

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 257 of 383

 Electrical Power (kW)

800
600
400
200
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Rotor Speed (rpm)

20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 1 Pitch Angle (deg)
25

20

15

10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 2 Pitch Angle (deg)
25

20

15

10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Nacelle Position (deg)

290
285
280
275
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Operational Status
600

400

200

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 177. Normal start at 14.0 m/s—wind turbine operational quantities

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 258 of 383

 Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 178. Normal start at 14.0 m/s—blade loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 259 of 383

 Mainshaft Torque(kNm)

400
200
0
-200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)
400
200
0
-200
-400
-600
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)
400
200
0
-200
-400
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tower-Top Lateral Bending(kNm)

400

200

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tower-Top Normal Bending(kNm)

-500

-1000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tower-Top Torque(kNm)
600
400
200
0
-200

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 179. Normal start at 14.0 m/s—shaft and tower-top loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 260 of 383

 Tower-Base Lateral Bending(kNm)

1500

1000

500

-500

-1000

-1500

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Tower-Base Normal Bending(kNm)

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-1000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 180. Normal start at 14.0 m/s—tower-base loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 261 of 383

Normal Start at 23.5 m/s
Table 80. Brief Statistical Description for Normal Start at 23.5 m/s
Event Description: Normal Start at 23.5 m/s
File Name: FastWaveforms 2011_03_11 08_07_14 [Link]
Date: 11-Mar-2011 08:07:00
Measured Quantity mean sdv min max
Wind Speed at 80 m (m/s) 23.5 2.9 17.6 29.5
Wind Direction at 87 m (deg) 272.5 6.4 253.0 282.4
Air Pressure (kPa) 80.0 0.0 79.9 80.0
Temperature (deg C) 13.2 0.0 13.1 13.2
Electric Power (kW) 188.2 241.6 -31.3 711.4
Rotor Speed (rpm) 14.1 1.9 12.2 17.8
Generator Speed (m/s) 1,107.2 151.3 942.9 1,413.1
Nacelle Yaw Angle (deg) 276.4 1.5 275.0 278.0
Blade 1 Pitch Position (deg) 35.3 7.1 22.1 42.4
Blade 2 Pitch Position (deg) 35.3 7.1 22.1 42.5
Blade 3 Pitch Position (deg) 35.3 7.1 22.1 42.4
Operational Status (-) 314.3 287.7 16.0 602.0
State Fault (-) 2.5 0.5 2.0 3.0
Availability Status (V) 89.6 0.0 89.6 89.6
Tower-Top Normal Acceleration (g) -0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1
Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration (g) 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1
Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm) 133.0 467.3 -840.6 1,130.3
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm) -75.7 369.7 -778.8 603.8
Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm) 16.2 432.9 -1,069.5 905.8
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm) 3.0 369.9 -619.8 664.6
Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm) 94.6 440.2 -820.1 993.7
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm) -7.2 372.6 -659.2 619.8
Main Shaft Bending 0 (kNm) 13.8 287.0 -721.7 711.0
Main Shaft Bending 90 (kNm) 26.9 267.9 -794.5 790.7
Main Shaft Torque (kNm) 8.1 211.3 -441.3 497.6
Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm) -673.3 275.8 -1,693.3 125.2
Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm) 325.8 152.3 -72.2 733.6
Tower-Top Torque (kNm) 34.5 212.7 -646.8 732.5
Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm) 2,491.0 1,840.6 -2,482.6 6,505.2
Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm) 148.2 1,857.3 -5,008.2 4,182.8

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 262 of 383

 Hub Height Wind Speed (m/s)

28
26
24
22
20
18
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Wind Direction (deg)

280

270

260

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Yaw Error (deg)

-10

-20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Air Pressure (kPa)

80

79.95

79.9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

3
Air Density (kg/m )
0.9735

0.973

0.9725

0.972
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 181. Normal start at 23.5 m/s—met quantities

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 263 of 383

 Electrical Power (kW)

600
400
200
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Rotor Speed (rpm)
20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 1 Pitch Angle (deg)

40

30

20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 2 Pitch Angle (deg)

40

30

20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Nacelle Position (deg)

280

275

270
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Operational Status
600

400

200

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 182. Normal start at 23.5 m/s—wind turbine operational quantities

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 264 of 383

 Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 183. Normal start at 23.5 m/s—blade loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 265 of 383

 Mainshaft Torque(kNm)
400
200
0
-200
-400
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)

500

-500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)

500

-500

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tower-Top Lateral Bending(kNm)

600
400
200
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tower-Top Normal Bending(kNm)
0
-500

-1000

-1500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tower-Top Torque(kNm)

500

-500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 184. Normal start at 23.5 m/s—shaft and tower-top loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 266 of 383

 Tower-Base Lateral Bending(kNm)
4000

3000

2000

1000

-1000

-2000

-3000

-4000

-5000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Tower-Base Normal Bending(kNm)

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-1000

-2000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 185. Normal start at 23.5 m/s—tower-base loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 267 of 383

Normal Stop at 7.0 m/s
Table 81. Brief Statistical Description for Normal Stop at 7.0 m/s
Event Description: Normal Stop at 7.0 m/s
File Name: FastWaveforms 2011_03_11 11_07_29 [Link]
Date: 11-Mar-2011 11:07:00
Measured Quantity mean sdv min max
Wind Speed at 80 m (m/s) 7.0 0.8 5.5 8.8
Wind Direction at 87 m (deg) 340.8 14.3 243.6 353.9
Air Pressure (kPa) 80.3 0.0 80.3 80.3
Temperature (deg C) 14.2 0.0 14.2 14.3
Electric Power (kW) 135.0 163.2 -20.1 521.3
Rotor Speed (rpm) 12.6 1.9 7.4 14.6
Generator Speed (m/s) 979.5 150.6 566.9 1,140.6
Nacelle Yaw Angle (deg) 304.3 12.3 284.0 326.0
Blade 1 Pitch Position (deg) 6.0 10.1 -1.9 28.7
Blade 2 Pitch Position (deg) 6.0 10.1 -1.9 28.7
Blade 3 Pitch Position (deg) 6.0 10.1 -2.0 28.7
Operational Status (-) 364.1 337.0 17.0 701.0
State Fault (-) 1.5 0.5 1.0 2.0
Availability Status (V) 89.8 0.0 89.8 89.8
Tower-Top Normal Acceleration (g) 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.2
Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration (g) 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1
Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm) 416.2 482.8 -641.4 1,094.8
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm) -17.6 438.4 -713.0 737.6
Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm) 391.9 486.8 -610.0 1,092.0
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm) 64.2 437.6 -621.7 789.8
Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm) 382.2 493.5 -645.9 1,073.1
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm) 28.2 439.3 -630.5 808.5
Main Shaft Bending 0 (kNm) 21.1 260.6 -461.1 507.6
Main Shaft Bending 90 (kNm) 21.1 251.9 -415.1 479.5
Main Shaft Torque (kNm) -62.1 162.8 -253.0 313.5
Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm) -748.3 90.0 -980.0 -527.0
Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm) 177.4 76.9 -19.2 374.1
Tower-Top Torque (kNm) -33.0 98.1 -273.7 269.8
Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm) 1,724.6 3,222.6 -3,243.7 6,074.7
Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm) 505.5 200.4 -206.3 1,433.1

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 268 of 383

 Hub Height Wind Speed (m/s)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Wind Direction (deg)

350

300

250
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Yaw Error (deg)

50

-50

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Air Pressure (kPa)

80.34

80.335

80.33

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

3
Air Density (kg/m )
0.9739
0.9738
0.9738
0.9737
0.9737

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 186. Normal stop at 7.0 m/s—met quantities

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 269 of 383

 Electrical Power (kW)

400

200

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Rotor Speed (rpm)

15
10
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 1 Pitch Angle (deg)
30
20
10
0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 2 Pitch Angle (deg)
30
20
10
0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Nacelle Position (deg)

320

300

280
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Operational Status

600
400
200
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 187. Normal stop at 7.0 m/s—wind turbine operational quantities

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 270 of 383

 Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 188. Normal stop at 7.0 m/s—blade loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 271 of 383

 Mainshaft Torque(kNm)

200

-200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)
400
200
0
-200
-400
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)
400
200
0
-200
-400
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tower-Top Lateral Bending(kNm)

300
200
100
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tower-Top Normal Bending(kNm)

-600
-700
-800
-900

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tower-Top Torque(kNm)

200

-200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 189. Normal stop at 7.0 m/s—shaft and tower-top loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 272 of 383

 Tower-Base Lateral Bending(kNm)
1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

-200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Tower-Base Normal Bending(kNm)

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-1000

-2000

-3000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 190. Normal stop at 7.0 m/s—tower-base loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 273 of 383

Normal Stop at 12.2 m/s
Table 82. Brief Statistical Description for Normal Stop at 12.2 m/s
Event Description: Normal Stop at 12.2 m/s
File Name: FastWaveforms 2011_03_03 18_18_12 [Link]
Date: 03-Mar-2011 18:18:00
Measured Quantity mean sdv min max
Wind Speed at 80 m (m/s) 12.2 1.9 8.7 16.1
Wind Direction at 87 m (deg) 289.1 9.0 265.9 305.9
Air Pressure (kPa) 80.4 0.0 80.3 80.4
Temperature (deg C) 6.5 0.0 6.5 6.6
Electric Power (kW) 241.0 283.8 -26.5 974.6
Rotor Speed (rpm) 10.0 3.9 3.2 17.0
Generator Speed (m/s) 770.6 310.4 235.3 1,320.5
Nacelle Yaw Angle (deg) 298.0 0.0 298.0 298.0
Blade 1 Pitch Position (deg) 24.6 22.6 -2.1 65.4
Blade 2 Pitch Position (deg) 24.6 22.6 -2.1 65.4
Blade 3 Pitch Position (deg) 24.6 22.6 -2.1 65.5
Operational Status (-) 358.8 337.5 17.0 701.0
State Fault (-) 1.5 0.5 1.0 2.0
Availability Status (V) 82.6 0.0 82.6 82.6
Tower-Top Normal Acceleration (g) -0.0 0.0 -0.0 0.0
Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration (g) 0.0 0.0 -0.0 0.0
Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm) 293.9 567.5 -671.7 1,468.5
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm) -38.6 390.4 -711.3 841.6
Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm) 317.4 559.0 -713.2 1,399.5
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm) 52.9 388.3 -573.1 893.1
Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm) 275.0 573.4 -652.4 1,397.8
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm) 23.6 389.8 -570.5 921.7
Main Shaft Bending 0 (kNm) -1,254.3 0.1 -1,254.6 -1,254.0
Main Shaft Bending 90 (kNm) -1,713.9 0.1 -1,714.1 -1,713.6
Main Shaft Torque (kNm) -2,627.8 0.1 -2,628.3 -2,627.4
Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm) -579.6 288.6 -1,216.9 69.0
Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm) 118.2 166.9 -275.6 445.4
Tower-Top Torque (kNm) 27.4 148.6 -425.2 615.0
Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm) 1,771.0 3,352.6 -2,950.9 8,914.4
Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm) 302.0 583.5 -1,476.4 2,398.3

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 274 of 383

 Hub Height Wind Speed (m/s)
16

14

12

10

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Wind Direction (deg)

300

290

280

270
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Yaw Error (deg)

-10

-20

-30
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Air Pressure (kPa)

80.37
80.36
80.35
80.34
80.33

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

3
Air Density (kg/m )
1.0012

1.001

1.0008

1.0006

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 191. Normal stop at 12.2 m/s—met quantities

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 275 of 383

 Electrical Power (kW)

800
600
400
200
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Rotor Speed (rpm)
20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 1 Pitch Angle (deg)

60
40
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 2 Pitch Angle (deg)

60
40
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Nacelle Position (deg)
302
300
298
296
294
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Operational Status

600
400
200
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 192. Normal stop at 12.2 m/s—wind turbine operational quantities

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 276 of 383

 Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 193. Normal stop at 12.2 m/s—blade loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 277 of 383

 Mainshaft Torque(kNm)

-2627.6
-2627.8
-2628
-2628.2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)
-1254

-1254.2

-1254.4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)
-1713.6

-1713.8

-1714

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tower-Top Lateral Bending(kNm)
400
200

0
-200
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tower-Top Normal Bending(kNm)
0

-500

-1000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tower-Top Torque(kNm)
600
400
200
0
-200
-400
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 194. Normal stop at 12.2 m/s—shaft and tower-top loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 278 of 383

 Tower-Base Lateral Bending(kNm)

2000

1500

1000

500

-500

-1000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Tower-Base Normal Bending(kNm)

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-1000

-2000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 195. Normal stop at 12.2 m/s—tower-base loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 279 of 383

Normal Stop at 16.1 m/s
Table 83. Brief Statistical Description for Normal Stop at 16.1 m/s
Event Description: Normal Stop at 16.1 m/s
File Name: FastWaveforms 2011_03_09 15_56_38 [Link]
Date: 09-Mar-2011 15:56:00
Measured Quantity mean sdv min max
Wind Speed at 80 m (m/s) 16.1 1.7 11.6 19.5
Wind Direction at 87 m (deg) 283.3 6.8 267.1 300.0
Air Pressure (kPa) 81.1 0.0 81.1 81.1
Temperature (deg C) 7.3 0.0 7.3 7.3
Electric Power (kW) 367.7 465.2 -26.3 1,583.3
Rotor Speed (rpm) 11.4 4.4 4.6 18.7
Generator Speed (m/s) 883.2 345.3 352.2 1,470.3
Nacelle Yaw Angle (deg) 291.3 6.2 284.0 298.0
Blade 1 Pitch Position (deg) 33.6 13.9 7.4 61.3
Blade 2 Pitch Position (deg) 33.6 13.9 7.3 61.3
Blade 3 Pitch Position (deg) 33.6 13.9 7.4 61.3
Operational Status (-) 363.7 337.4 17.0 701.0
State Fault (-) 1.5 0.5 1.0 2.0
Availability Status (V) 90.3 0.0 90.3 90.3
Tower-Top Normal Acceleration (g) -0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1
Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration (g) 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1
Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm) 126.3 480.5 -669.3 1,387.6
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm) -17.2 375.7 -747.8 918.7
Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm) 131.8 468.2 -703.3 1,497.5
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm) 36.5 370.8 -624.3 864.1
Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm) 89.9 462.5 -735.8 1,556.9
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm) -17.6 360.6 -708.3 772.0
Main Shaft Bending 0 (kNm) 15.2 313.1 -724.0 698.3
Main Shaft Bending 90 (kNm) 11.9 311.3 -698.4 660.1
Main Shaft Torque (kNm) 8.3 331.4 -434.8 726.9
Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm) -783.9 249.2 -1,428.7 199.9
Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm) 254.9 190.0 -117.9 763.1
Tower-Top Torque (kNm) -27.7 181.5 -480.8 649.8
Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm) 609.2 2,209.9 -3,306.0 9,662.6
Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm) 148.6 1,609.5 -4,004.1 3,936.9

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 280 of 383

 Hub Height Wind Speed (m/s)

18

16

14

12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Wind Direction (deg)

290

280

270
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Yaw Error (deg)

-10

-20

-30
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Air Pressure (kPa)

81.12

81.1

81.08

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

3
Air Density (kg/m )

1.0076
1.0074
1.0072
1.007
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 196. Normal stop at 16.1 m/s—met quantities

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 281 of 383

 Electrical Power (kW)
1500

1000

500

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Rotor Speed (rpm)

20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 1 Pitch Angle (deg)
60

40

20

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 2 Pitch Angle (deg)
60

40

20

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Nacelle Position (deg)
300

290

280
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Operational Status

600
400
200
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 197. Normal stop at 16.1 m/s—wind turbine operational quantities

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 282 of 383

 Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 198. Normal stop at 16.1 m/s—blade loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 283 of 383

 Mainshaft Torque(kNm)
600
400
200
0
-200
-400
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)

500

-500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)
500

-500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tower-Top Lateral Bending(kNm)

600
400
200
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tower-Top Normal Bending(kNm)
0

-500

-1000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tower-Top Torque(kNm)
600
400
200
0
-200
-400
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)

Figure 199. Normal stop at 16.1 m/s—shaft and tower-top loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 284 of 383

 Tower-Base Lateral Bending(kNm)

3000

2000

1000

-1000

-2000

-3000

-4000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Tower-Base Normal Bending(kNm)

8000

6000

4000

2000

-2000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time(sec)

Figure 200. Normal stop at 16.1 m/s—tower-base loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 285 of 383

Parked or Idling (Online)
Parked at 4.2 m/s
Table 84. Brief Statistical Description for Parked at 4.2 m/s
Event Description: Parked at 4.2 m/s
File Name: FastWaveforms 2011_03_08 18_50_35 [Link]
Date: 08-Mar-2011 18:50:00
Measured Quantity mean sdv min max
Wind Speed at 80 m (m/s) 4.2 2.7 0.3 12.1
Wind Direction at 87 m (deg) 256.3 52.9 7.3 352.2
Air Pressure (kPa) 80.4 0.0 80.4 80.4
Temperature (deg C) -3.6 0.1 -3.7 -3.4
Electric Power (kW) -6.1 4.6 -14.7 -2.6
Rotor Speed (rpm) 0.7 1.0 0.0 3.0
Generator Speed (m/s) 74.1 64.5 7.2 238.8
Nacelle Yaw Angle (deg) 219.2 50.4 151.0 270.0
Blade 1 Pitch Position (deg) 57.5 17.2 1.6 68.4
Blade 2 Pitch Position (deg) 57.5 17.2 1.7 68.4
Blade 3 Pitch Position (deg) 57.5 17.2 1.6 68.4
Operational Status (-) 537.4 69.7 501.0 701.0
State Fault (-) 1.2 0.6 1.0 3.0
Availability Status (V) 88.9 0.0 88.9 88.9
Tower-Top Normal Acceleration (g) 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1
Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration (g) 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1
Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm) 79.6 454.0 -625.7 743.4
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm) 20.7 258.3 -521.6 668.3
Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm) -5.0 442.7 -736.3 676.7
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm) -40.4 256.9 -564.0 620.9
Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm) 25.9 420.1 -670.3 757.8
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm) -68.5 244.2 -618.4 548.2
Main Shaft Bending 0 (kNm) -35.8 222.1 -387.7 321.1
Main Shaft Bending 90 (kNm) 3.8 232.0 -357.1 345.6
Main Shaft Torque (kNm) -304.6 4.7 -331.5 -251.3
Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm) -822.9 65.1 -987.2 -687.2
Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm) 195.1 90.3 -143.0 347.6
Tower-Top Torque (kNm) -19.0 99.3 -355.8 242.8
Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm) -767.7 234.7 -1,321.2 248.9
Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm) 114.8 169.3 -620.6 1,073.1

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 286 of 383

 Hub Height Wind Speed (m/s)
12
10
8
6
4
2

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Wind Direction (deg)

300

200

100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Yaw Error (deg)

100

-100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Air Pressure (kPa)

80.38

80.37

80.36
0 100 200 300 400 500 600

3
Air Density (kg/m )
1.039
1.0388
1.0386
1.0384
1.0382

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Time(sec)

Figure 201. Parked at 4.2 m/s—met quantities

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 287 of 383

 Electrical Power (kW)
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
-14
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Rotor Speed (rpm)
8
6
4
2
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 1 Pitch Angle (deg)

60
40
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 2 Pitch Angle (deg)

60
40
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Nacelle Position (deg)

250

200

150
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Operational Status

700

600

500

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Time(sec)

Figure 202. Parked at 4.2 m/s—wind turbine operational quantities

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 288 of 383

 Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time(sec)

Figure 203. Parked at 4.2 m/s—blade loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 289 of 383

 Mainshaft Torque(kNm)
-260
-280
-300
-320
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)

200
0

-200

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)

200

0
-200

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Tower-Top Lateral Bending(kNm)
300
200
100
0
-100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Tower-Top Normal Bending(kNm)
-700

-800

-900

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Tower-Top Torque(kNm)
200

-200

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Time (sec)

Figure 204. Parked at 4.2 m/s—shaft and tower-top loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 290 of 383

 Tower-Base Lateral Bending(kNm)

1000

800

600

400

200

-200

-400

-600
0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Tower-Base Normal Bending(kNm)

200

-200

-400

-600

-800

-1000

-1200

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Time(sec)

Figure 205. Parked at 4.2 m/s—tower-base loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 291 of 383

Parked at 13.5 m/s
Table 85. Brief Statistical Description for Parked at 13.5 m/s
Event Description: Parked at 13.5 m/s
File Name: FastWaveforms 2011_03_03 16_48_05 [Link]
Date: 03-Mar-2011 16:48:00
Measured Quantity mean sdv min max
Wind Speed at 80 m (m/s) 13.5 1.5 8.9 18.6
Wind Direction at 87 m (deg) 265.5 5.2 249.0 281.5
Air Pressure (kPa) 80.1 0.0 80.0 80.1
Temperature (deg C) 10.1 0.0 10.1 10.2
Electric Power (kW) -5.2 1.0 -14.4 -5.0
Rotor Speed (rpm) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Generator Speed (m/s) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nacelle Yaw Angle (deg) 265.8 2.4 261.0 267.0
Blade 1 Pitch Position (deg) 85.0 0.0 85.0 85.0
Blade 2 Pitch Position (deg) 85.0 0.0 85.0 85.0
Blade 3 Pitch Position (deg) 85.0 0.0 85.0 85.0
Operational Status (-) 203.0 0.0 203.0 203.0
State Fault (-) 9.0 0.0 9.0 9.0
Availability Status (V) 81.6 0.0 81.5 81.6
Tower-Top Normal Acceleration (g) -0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1
Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration (g) -0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1
Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm) 98.2 63.0 -63.8 257.7
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm) -98.8 13.9 -138.6 -39.6
Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm) -599.8 35.4 -728.6 -463.9
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm) -136.7 15.1 -265.4 -23.6
Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm) 549.5 47.0 389.7 698.8
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm) -24.0 15.0 -144.1 79.6
Main Shaft Bending 0 (kNm) -1,254.3 0.1 -1,254.6 -1,254.0
Main Shaft Bending 90 (kNm) -1,713.9 0.1 -1,714.2 -1,713.5
Main Shaft Torque (kNm) -2,628.0 0.1 -2,628.5 -2,627.5
Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm) -754.4 20.3 -837.2 -668.7
Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm) 336.2 67.3 100.6 587.7
Tower-Top Torque (kNm) -16.7 25.9 -192.9 167.2
Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm) -593.7 252.2 -1,550.0 236.2
Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm) 302.0 664.3 -1,573.1 3,313.6

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 292 of 383

 Hub Height Wind Speed (m/s)
18
16
14
12
10
0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Wind Direction (deg)

280

270

260

250
0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Yaw Error (deg)

10

-10

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Air Pressure (kPa)

80.1

80.08

80.06

80.04
0 100 200 300 400 500 600

3
Air Density (kg/m )

0.985
0.9848
0.9846
0.9844
0.9842
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time(sec)

Figure 206. Parked at 13.5 m/s—met quantities

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 293 of 383

 Electrical Power (kW)
-6
-8
-10
-12
-14
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Rotor Speed (rpm)

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 1 Pitch Angle (deg)

88
86
84
82
80
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 2 Pitch Angle (deg)

88
86
84
82
80
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Nacelle Position (deg)
270

265

260

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Operational Status

240
220
200
180
160
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time(sec)

Figure 207. Parked at 13.5 m/s—wind turbine operational quantities

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 294 of 383

 Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time(sec)

Figure 208. Parked at 13.5 m/s—blade loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 295 of 383

 Mainshaft Torque(kNm)
-2627.5

-2628

-2628.5
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)
-1254

-1254.2

-1254.4

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)

-1713.6

-1713.8

-1714

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Tower-Top Lateral Bending(kNm)

500
400
300
200

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Tower-Top Normal Bending(kNm)

-700

-750

-800

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Tower-Top Torque(kNm)

100
0
-100

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Time (sec)

Figure 209. Parked at 13.5 m/s—shaft and tower-top loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 296 of 383

 Tower-Base Lateral Bending(kNm)

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

-500

-1000

-1500
0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Tower-Base Normal Bending(kNm)

200

-200

-400

-600

-800

-1000

-1200

-1400

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Time(sec)

Figure 210. Parked at 13.5 m/s—tower-base loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 297 of 383

Parked at 27.6 m/s
Table 86. Brief Statistical Description for Parked at 27.6 m/s
Event Description: Parked at 27.6 m/s
File Name: FastWaveforms 2011_03_22 18_42_26 [Link]
Date: 22-Mar-2011 18:42:00
Measured Quantity mean sdv min max
Wind Speed at 80 m (m/s) 27.6 4.9 13.7 41.3
Wind Direction at 87 m (deg) 272.5 8.1 245.4 295.9
Air Pressure (kPa) 79.2 0.1 79.0 79.4
Temperature (deg C) 2.8 0.6 2.0 3.8
Electric Power (kW) -5.1 0.6 -15.8 -4.9
Rotor Speed (rpm) 1.0 1.0 0.0 8.4
Generator Speed (m/s) 86.0 67.5 0.0 659.3
Nacelle Yaw Angle (deg) 267.0 0.0 267.0 267.0
Blade 1 Pitch Position (deg) 84.7 2.9 54.0 85.6
Blade 2 Pitch Position (deg) 84.6 2.9 54.1 85.6
Blade 3 Pitch Position (deg) 84.7 2.9 54.0 85.7
Operational Status (-) 204.4 33.6 104.0 601.0
State Fault (-) 439.9 492.4 3.0 1,000.0
Availability Status (V) 89.9 0.4 89.6 90.8
Tower-Top Normal Acceleration (g) 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1
Tower-Top Lateral Acceleration (g) 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1
Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm) -38.5 514.6 -1,101.1 1,360.6
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm) -16.2 89.1 -305.5 493.6
Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm) 76.9 519.4 -1,140.7 1,328.6
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm) 3.0 86.9 -501.6 506.9
Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm) 21.7 521.5 -1,215.6 1,179.4
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm) -21.3 79.1 -470.1 303.3
Main Shaft Bending 0 (kNm) -30.7 209.3 -437.2 411.3
Main Shaft Bending 90 (kNm) -17.1 213.7 -442.7 402.2
Main Shaft Torque (kNm) -254.4 59.3 -723.5 132.7
Tower-Top Normal Bending (kNm) -726.7 110.4 -1,148.6 -264.8
Tower-Top Lateral Bending (kNm) 296.3 144.6 -377.1 862.7
Tower-Top Torque (kNm) 71.7 106.4 -435.7 456.7
Tower-Base Normal Bending (kNm) 783.6 1,808.5 -4,908.3 5,849.4
Tower-Base Lateral Bending (kNm) 2,207.4 3,306.0 -9,047.7 14,293.1

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 298 of 383

 Hub Height Wind Speed (m/s)
40

30

20

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Wind Direction (deg)

290
280
270
260
250
0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Yaw Error (deg)

20
10
0
-10
-20
0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Air Pressure (kPa)

79.3

79.2

79.1

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

3
Air Density (kg/m )
1.004

1.002

0.998

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Time(sec)

Figure 211. Parked at 27.6 m/s—met quantities

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 299 of 383

 Electrical Power (kW)
-5

-10

-15
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Rotor Speed (rpm)

10

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 1 Pitch Angle (deg)
90
80
70
60
50
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 2 Pitch Angle (deg)
90
80
70
60
50
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Nacelle Position (deg)
272
270
268
266
264
262
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Operational Status
600

400

200

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Time(sec)

Figure 212. Parked at 27.6 m/s—wind turbine operational quantities

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 300 of 383

 Blade 1 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 1 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 2 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 2 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 3 Flap Bending (kNm)

2000

-2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Blade 3 Leadlag Bending (kNm)

1000

-1000

-2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time(sec)

Figure 213. Parked at 27.6 m/s—blade loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 301 of 383

 Mainshaft Torque(kNm)

0
-200
-400
-600
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Mainshaft 0 Degrees(kNm)
400
200
0
-200
-400
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Mainshaft 90 Degrees(kNm)
400
200
0
-200
-400
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Tower-Top Lateral Bending(kNm)
800
600
400
200
0
-200
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Tower-Top Normal Bending(kNm)

-400
-600
-800
-1000

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Tower-Top Torque(kNm)
400
200
0
-200
-400
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time (sec)

Figure 214. Parked at 27.6 m/s—shaft and tower-top loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 302 of 383

 Tower-Base Lateral Bending(kNm)

10000

5000

-5000

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Tower-Base Normal Bending(kNm)

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

-1000

-2000

-3000

-4000

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Time(sec)

Figure 215. Parked at 27.6 m/s—tower-base loads

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 303 of 383

Appendix B. Pictures of Test Site

Figure 216. View towards the west. Photo by Ismael Mendoza, NREL

Figure 217. View towards the northwest. Photo by Ismael Mendoza, NREL

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 304 of 383

 Figure 218. View towards the north. Photo by Ismael Mendoza, NREL

Figure 219. View towards the northeast. Photo by Ismael Mendoza, NREL

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 305 of 383

 Figure 220. View towards the east. Photo by Ismael Mendoza, NREL

Figure 221. View towards the southeast. Photo by Ismael Mendoza, NREL

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 306 of 383

 Figure 222. View towards the south. Photo by Ismael Mendoza, NREL

Figure 223. View towards the southwest. Photo by Ismael Mendoza, NREL

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 307 of 383

Appendix C. Blade Slow Roll Results
This appendix shows the slow rolls used to derive the calibration coefficients for the blade
bending moments. The blade signals were calibrated using slow rolls with three different pitch
angles: ~0 degrees, ~85 degrees, and ~65 degrees.

Figure 224. Blade 1 leadlag slow roll calibration

Figure 225. Blade 1 flap slow roll calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 308 of 383

 Uncorrected

Figure 226. Blade 1 leadlag crosstalk correction

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 309 of 383

 Uncorrected

Figure 227. Blade 1 flap crosstalk correction

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 310 of 383

 Figure 228. Blade 2 leadlag slow roll calibration

Figure 229. Blade 2 flap slow roll calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 311 of 383

 Uncorrected

Figure 230. Blade 2 leadlag crosstalk correction

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 312 of 383

 Uncorrected

Figure 231. Blade 2 flapwise crosstalk correction

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 313 of 383

 Figure 232. Blade 3 leadlag slow roll calibration

Figure 233. Blade 3 flapwise slow roll calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 314 of 383

 Uncorrected

Figure 234. Blade 3 leadlag crosstalk correction

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 315 of 383

 Uncorrected

Figure 235. Blade 3 flapwise crosstalk correction

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 316 of 383

 Blade 1 Flap Pitch Sweep Calibration
1000

500
Calibration Moment (kNm)

-500
Uncorrected Flap Sweep Sf=2.822e+006
Uncorredcted
X-Talk Corrected -9.77%
-1000
-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Flap Gravity Moment (kNm)

150
Ucorrected
Uncorrected
Trend line showing -9.77% X-talk
100
Corrected
Flapwise Residuals(kNm)

50

-50

-100
-800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
Edge Gravity Moment (kNm)

Figure 236. Blade 1 flap pitch sweep calibration results

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 317 of 383

 Blade 1 Edge Pitch Sweep Calibration
1000

500
Calibration Moment (kNm)

-500

Uncorredcted
Uncorrected Edge Sweep Se=-2.893e+006
X-Talk Corrected 4.79%
-1000
-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Edge Gravity Moment (kNm)

150

100
Edgewise Residuals(kNm)

50

Ucorrected
Uncorrected
-50
Trend line showing 4.79% X-talk
Corrected
-100
-800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
Flap Gravity Moment (kNm)

Figure 237. Blade 1 leadlag pitch sweep calibration results

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 318 of 383

 Blade 2 Edge Pitch Sweep Calibration
1000

500
Calibration Moment (kNm)

-500
Uncorrected Edge Sweep Se=-2.523e+006
Uncorredcted
X-Talk Corrected 5.49%
-1000
-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Edge Gravity Moment (kNm)

150
Ucorrected
Uncorrected
Trend line showing 5.49% X-talk
100
Corrected
Edgewise Residuals(kNm)

50

-50

-100
-800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
Flap Gravity Moment (kNm)

Figure 238. Blade 2 leadlag pitch sweep calibration results

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 319 of 383

 Blade 2 Flap Pitch Sweep Calibration
1000

500
Calibration Moment (kNm)

-500

Uncorredcted
Uncorrected Flap Sweep Sf=2.340e+006
X-Talk Corrected -7.97%
-1000
-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Flap Gravity Moment (kNm)

150
Ucorrected
Uncorrected
Trend line showing -7.97% X-talk
100
Corrected
Flapwise Residuals(kNm)

50

-50

-100
-800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
Edge Gravity Moment (kNm)

Figure 239. Blade 2 flap pitch sweep calibration results

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 320 of 383

 Blade 3 Edge Pitch Sweep Calibration
1000

500
Calibration Moment (kNm)

-500

Uncorrected Edge Sweep Se=-2.713e+006

Uncorredcted
X-Talk Corrected 6.33%
-1000
-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Edge Gravity Moment (kNm)

150
Ucorrected
Uncorrected
Trend line showing 6.33% X-talk
100
Corrected
Edgewise Residuals(kNm)

50

-50

-100
-800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
Flap Gravity Moment (kNm)

Figure 240. Blade 3 leadlag pitch sweep calibration results

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 321 of 383

 Blade 3 Flap Pitch Sweep Calibration
1000

500
Calibration Moment (kNm)

-500

Uncorredcted
Uncorrected Flap Sweep Sf=2.508e+006
X-Talk Corrected -11.21%
-1000
-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Flap Gravity Moment (kNm)

150
Ucorrected
Uncorrected
Trend line showing -11.21% X-talk
100
Corrected
Flapwise Residuals(kNm)

50

-50

-100
-800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
Edge Gravity Moment (kNm)

Figure 241. Blade 3 flap pitch sweep calibration results

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 322 of 383

Appendix D. Main Shaft Slow Roll Results
Main Shaft 0 Bending Roll Calibration at 64.99 deg., over 1 revolutions
200

150
Main Shaft 0 Gravity Moment (kNm)

100

50

-50 Data
Fit, S =6.6573e+002 kNm/V/V
0
-100

-150

-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3

Main Shaft 0 Signal (V/V)
Figure 242. Main shaft bending 0 slow roll calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 323 of 383

 Uncorrected

Figure 243. Main shaft bending 0 crosstalk correction

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 324 of 383

 Main Shaft 90 Bending Roll Calibration at 64.99 deg., over 1 revolutions
200

150
Main Shaft 90 Gravity Moment (kNm)

100 Data
Fit, S =-6.6791e+002 kNm/V/V
90
50

-50

-100

-150

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2

Main Shaft 90 Signal (V/V)
Figure 244. Main shaft bending 90 slow roll calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 325 of 383

 Uncorrected

Figure 245. Main shaft bending 90 crosstalk correction

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 326 of 383

Appendix E. Yaw Sweeps

Figure 246. Tower-top nacelle 360 sweep calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 327 of 383

 Tower Top 1 Crosstalk Calibration
Tower Top 1 Measured Moment (kNm) 1000

500

-500

Uncorrected
X-Talk Corrected -25.02%
-1000
-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Tower Top 1 Gravity Moment

500

400 Ucorrected
Uncorrected
Trend line showing -25.02% X-talk
300 Corrected
Tower Top 1 Residuals(kNm)

200

100

-100

-200

-300

-400
-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Tower Top 2 Measured(kNm)

Figure 247. Tower-top 1 crosstalk calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 328 of 383

 Tower Top 1 Nonlinear Calibration
1000
Tower Top 1 Measured Moment (kNm)

500

-500 Nonlinear Correction

Only X-Talk Corrected -25.02%
residuals
-1000
-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Tower Top 1 Gravity Moment

1.5
Nonlinear Gain Multiplier

0.5

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Yaw Position (degrees)

Figure 248. Tower-top 1 nonlinear gain correction

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 329 of 383

 Tower Top 2 Crosstalk Calibration
Tower Top 2 Measured Moment (kNm) 1000

500

Uncorrected
-500 X-Talk Corrected 12.32%

-1000
-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Tower Top 2 Gravity Moment

300

200
Tower Top 2 Residuals(kNm)

100

-100

-200
Ucorrected
Uncorrected
-300 Trend line showing 12.32% X-talk
Corrected
-400
-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Tower Top 1 Measured(kNm)

Figure 249. Tower-top 2 crosstalk calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 330 of 383

 Tower Top 2 Nonlinear Calibration
1000
Tower Top 2 Measured Moment (kNm)

500

-500 Nonlinear Correction

Only X-Talk Corrected 12.32%
residuals
-1000
-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Tower Top 2 Gravity Moment

1.4

1.2

1
Nonlinear Gain Multiplier

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Yaw Position (degrees)

Figure 250. Tower-top 2 nonlinear gain correction

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 331 of 383

 Figure 251. Tower-top nacelle validation original

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 332 of 383

 Figure 252. Tower-base nacelle validation nonlinear correction

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 333 of 383

 Figure 253. Tower-base nacelle yaw sweep calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 334 of 383

 Figure 254. Tower-base nacelle validation

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 335 of 383

Appendix F. Shunt Calibrations
The shunt calibration is a measure of the system end-to-end gain. It is used on strain gage
bridges. A 174.65 kOhm precision resistor was placed parallel to one of the arms of the
Wheatstone bridge to simulate a change in gage strain. Using information about the structural
composition of the gage location, strain-gage properties, and excitation voltage from the DAQ,
an end-to-end analytical calibration of the gain is calculated. Figure 255 through Figure 268 and
Table 87 through Table 100 show the results of the shunt calibrations on the blades, main shaft,
and tower.

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 336 of 383

 Table 87. Blade 1 Flap Bending Shunt Calibration Results

Client National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Turbine DOE/GE 1.5sle
Location National Ωind Technology Center, Golden , CO
Signal Blade 1 Flap Bending

Input Data Value Units Approved

(1) Outer Diameter 1950 [mm] RS
(2) Inner Diameter 1850 [mm] RS
(3) Modulus of Elasticity 5.00E+04 [N/mm^2] RS
(4) Poissons Ratio 0.3 [] RS
(5) Strain Gage Type II RS
(6) Strain Gage Resistance 1000 [Ω] RS
(7) Gage Factor 2.05 [] RS
(8) Shunt Resistance 174.65 [kΩ] RS
(9) Excitation 1 [] RS
(10) Amplifier Gain 1 RS
(11) Calibration Date 2/10/2011 RS

Calculations
(11) Section Modulus 1.38E+08 [mm^3]
(12) Voltage Ratio -1.42E-03 [V/V]
(12) Simulated Strain -694.29 microstrain
(13) Simulatred Stress -34.71 [N/mm^2]
(14) Simulated Moment -4798.38 [kNm]

Calibrations
(15) Bridge Voltage -1.423 [mV]
(16) Analog Signal Voltage -0.001 [V]
(17) Gain 3371342.49 [kNm/V]
Shunt Calibration Test
Test Case Simulated DAS Error (%)
(18) e+ s+ 0.00142 0.00143 -0.5%
(19) e+ s- -0.00142 -0.00143 -0.5%
(20) e- s+ 0.00142 0.00143 -0.5%
(21) e- s- -0.00142 -0.00143 -0.5%

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 337 of 383

 x 10
-3 Shunt Calibration for Blade1 Flap
1.5

1 signal
test point

0.5
Voltage (V)

-0.5

-1

-1.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time (sec)
Figure 255. Blade 1 flap bending shunt calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 338 of 383

 Table 88. Blade 1 Leadlag Bending Shunt Calibration Results

Client National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Turbine DOE/GE 1.5sle
Location National Ωind Technology Center, Golden , CO
Signal Blade 1 Edge Bending

Input Data Value Units Approved

(1) Outer Diameter 1950 [mm] RS
(2) Inner Diameter 1850 [mm] RS
(3) Modulus of Elasticity 5.00E+04 [N/mm^2] RS
(4) Poissons Ratio 0.3 [] RS
(5) Strain Gage Type II RS
(6) Strain Gage Resistance 1000 [Ω] RS
(7) Gage Factor 2.05 [] RS
(8) Shunt Resistance 174.65 [kΩ] RS
(9) Excitation 1 [] RS
(10) Amplifier Gain 1 RS
(11) Calibration Date 2/10/2011 RS

Calculations
(11) Section Modulus 1.38E+08 [mm^3]
(12) Voltage Ratio -1.42E-03 [V/V]
(12) Simulated Strain -694.29 microstrain
(13) Simulatred Stress -34.71 [N/mm^2]
(14) Simulated Moment -4798.38 [kNm]

Calibrations
(15) Bridge Voltage -1.423 [mV]
(16) Analog Signal Voltage -0.001 [V]
(17) Gain 3371342.49 [kNm/V]

Shunt Calibration Test

Test Case Simulated DAS Error (%)
(18) e+ s+ 0.00142 0.00143 -0.5%
(19) e+ s- -0.00142 -0.00143 -0.5%
(20) e- s+ 0.00142 0.00143 -0.5%
(21) e- s- -0.00142 -0.00143 -0.5%

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 339 of 383

 -3
x 10 Shunt Calibration for Blade1 Edge
1.5
signal
test point
1

0.5
Voltage (V)

-0.5

-1

-1.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time (sec)

Figure 256. Blade 1 leadlag bending shunt calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 340 of 383

 Table 89. Blade 2 Flap Bending Shunt Calibration Results
Client National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Turbine DOE/GE 1.5sle
Location National Ωind Technology Center, Golden , CO
Signal Blade 2 Flap Bending

Input Data Value Units Approved

(1) Outer Diameter 1950 [mm] RS
(2) Inner Diameter 1850 [mm] RS
(3) Modulus of Elasticity 5.00E+04 [N/mm^2] RS
(4) Poissons Ratio 0.3 [] RS
(5) Strain Gage Type II RS
(6) Strain Gage Resistance 1000 [Ω] RS
(7) Gage Factor 2.05 [] RS
(8) Shunt Resistance 174.65 [kΩ] RS
(9) Excitation 1 [] RS
(10) Amplifier Gain 1 RS
(11) Calibration Date 2/10/2011 RS

Calculations
(11) Section Modulus 1.38E+08 [mm^3]
(12) Voltage Ratio -1.42E-03 [V/V]
(12) Simulated Strain -694.29 microstrain
(13) Simulatred Stress -34.71 [N/mm^2]
(14) Simulated Moment -4798.38 [kNm]

Calibrations
(15) Bridge Voltage -1.423 [mV]
(16) Analog Signal Voltage -0.001 [V]
(17) Gain 3371342.49 [kNm/V]

Shunt Calibration Test

Test Case Simulated DAS Error (%)
(18) e+ s+ 0.00142 0.00143 -0.5%
(19) e+ s- -0.00142 -0.00143 -0.5%
(20) e- s+ 0.00142 0.00143 -0.5%
(21) e- s- -0.00142 -0.00143 -0.5%

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 341 of 383

 x 10
-3 Shunt Calibration for Blade2 Flap
1.5

1 signal
test point

0.5
Voltage (V)

-0.5

-1

-1.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time (sec)
Figure 257. Blade 2 flap bending shunt calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 342 of 383

 Table 90. Blade 2 Leadlag Bending Shunt Calibration Results

Client National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Turbine DOE/GE 1.5sle
Location National Ωind Technology Center, Golden , CO
Signal Blade 2 Edge Bending

Input Data Value Units Approved

(1) Outer Diameter 1950 [mm] RS
(2) Inner Diameter 1850 [mm] RS
(3) Modulus of Elasticity 5.00E+04 [N/mm^2] RS
(4) Poissons Ratio 0.3 [] RS
(5) Strain Gage Type II RS
(6) Strain Gage Resistance 1000 [Ω] RS
(7) Gage Factor 2.05 [] RS
(8) Shunt Resistance 174.65 [kΩ] RS
(9) Excitation 1 [] RS
(10) Amplifier Gain 1 RS
(11) Calibration Date 2/10/2011 RS

Calculations
(11) Section Modulus 1.38E+08 [mm^3]
(12) Voltage Ratio -1.42E-03 [V/V]
(12) Simulated Strain -694.29 microstrain
(13) Simulatred Stress -34.71 [N/mm^2]
(14) Simulated Moment -4798.38 [kNm]

Calibrations
(15) Bridge Voltage -1.423 [mV]
(16) Analog Signal Voltage -0.001 [V]
(17) Gain 3371342.49 [kNm/V]

Shunt Calibration Test

Test Case Simulated DAS Error (%)
(18) e+ s+ 0.00142 0.00143 -0.4%
(19) e+ s- -0.00142 -0.00143 -0.4%
(20) e- s+ 0.00142 0.00143 -0.4%
(21) e- s- -0.00142 -0.00143 -0.4%

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 343 of 383

 x 10
-3 Shunt Calibration for Blade2 Edge
1.5

1 signal
test point

0.5
Voltage (V)

-0.5

-1

-1.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Time (sec)
Figure 258. Blade 2 leadlag bending shunt calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 344 of 383

 Table 91. Blade 3 Flap Bending Shunt Calibration Results

Client National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Turbine DOE/GE 1.5sle
Location National Ωind Technology Center, Golden , CO
Signal Blade 3 Flap Bending

Input Data Value Units Approved

(1) Outer Diameter 1950 [mm] RS
(2) Inner Diameter 1850 [mm] RS
(3) Modulus of Elasticity 5.00E+04 [N/mm^2] RS
(4) Poissons Ratio 0.3 [] RS
(5) Strain Gage Type II RS
(6) Strain Gage Resistance 1000 [Ω] RS
(7) Gage Factor 2.05 [] RS
(8) Shunt Resistance 174.65 [kΩ] RS
(9) Excitation 1 [] RS
(10) Amplifier Gain 1 RS
(11) Calibration Date 2/10/2011 RS

Calculations
(11) Section Modulus 1.38E+08 [mm^3]
(12) Voltage Ratio -1.42E-03 [V/V]
(12) Simulated Strain -694.29 microstrain
(13) Simulatred Stress -34.71 [N/mm^2]
(14) Simulated Moment -4798.38 [kNm]

Calibrations
(15) Bridge Voltage -1.423 [mV]
(16) Analog Signal Voltage -0.001 [V]
(17) Gain 3371342.49 [kNm/V]

Shunt Calibration Test

Test Case Simulated DAS Error (%)
(18) e+ s+ 0.00142 0.00143 -0.3%
(19) e+ s- -0.00142 -0.00143 -0.6%
(20) e- s+ 0.00142 0.00143 -0.3%
(21) e- s- -0.00142 -0.00143 -0.6%

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 345 of 383

 x 10
-3 Shunt Calibration for Blade3 Flap
1.5

1 signal
test point

0.5
Voltage (V)

-0.5

-1

-1.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time (sec)
Figure 259. Blade 3 flap bending shunt calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 346 of 383

 Table 92. Blade 3 Leadlag Bending Shunt Calibration Results

Client National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Turbine DOE/GE 1.5sle
Location National Ωind Technology Center, Golden , CO
Signal Blade 3 Edge Bending

Input Data Value Units Approved

(1) Outer Diameter 1950 [mm] RS
(2) Inner Diameter 1850 [mm] RS
(3) Modulus of Elasticity 5.00E+04 [N/mm^2] RS
(4) Poissons Ratio 0.3 [] RS
(5) Strain Gage Type II RS
(6) Strain Gage Resistance 1000 [Ω] RS
(7) Gage Factor 2.05 [] RS
(8) Shunt Resistance 174.65 [kΩ] RS
(9) Excitation 1 [] RS
(10) Amplifier Gain 1 RS
(11) Calibration Date 2/10/2011 RS

Calculations
(11) Section Modulus 1.38E+08 [mm^3]
(12) Voltage Ratio -1.42E-03 [V/V]
(12) Simulated Strain -694.29 microstrain
(13) Simulatred Stress -34.71 [N/mm^2]
(14) Simulated Moment -4798.38 [kNm]

Calibrations
(15) Bridge Voltage -1.423 [mV]
(16) Analog Signal Voltage -0.001 [V]
(17) Gain 3371342.49 [kNm/V]

Shunt Calibration Test

Test Case Simulated DAS Error (%)
(18) e+ s+ 0.00142 0.00143 -0.3%
(19) e+ s- -0.00142 -0.00143 -0.4%
(20) e- s+ 0.00142 0.00143 -0.3%
(21) e- s- -0.00142 -0.00143 -0.4%

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 347 of 383

 x 10
-3 Shunt Calibration for Blade3 Edge
1.5

1 signal
test point

0.5
Voltage (V)

-0.5

-1

-1.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time (sec)
Figure 260. Blade 3 leadlag bending shunt calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 348 of 383

 Table 93. Main Shaft Bending 0 Shunt Calibration Results

Client National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Turbine DOE/GE 1.5sle
Location National Ωind Technology Center, Golden , CO
Signal Main Shaft Downwind 0 Bending

Input Data Value Units Approved

(1) Outer Diameter 581 [mm] RS
(2) Inner Diameter 40 [mm] RS
(3) Modulus of Elasticity 2.10E+05 [N/mm^2] RS
(4) Poissons Ratio 0.3 [] RS
(5) Strain Gage Type II RS
(6) Strain Gage Resistance 350 [Ω] RS
(7) Gage Factor 2.02 [] RS
(8) Shunt Resistance 174.65 [kΩ] RS
(9) Amplifier Gain 999 [] RS
(10) Excitation 3 [] RS
(11) Calibration Date 2/10/2011 RS

Calculations
(12) Section Modulus 1.93E+07 [mm^3]
(13) Voltage Ratio -5.00E-04 [V/V]
(14) Simulated Strain -247.52 microstrain
(15) Simulatred Stress -51.98 [N/mm^2]
(16) Simulated Moment -1000.82 [kNm]

Calibrations
(17) Bridge Voltage -1.500 [mV]
(18) Analog Signal Voltage -1.499 [V]
(19) Gain 667.88 [kNm/V]

Shunt Calibration Test

Test Case Simulated DAS Error (%)
(18) e+ s+ -1.499 -1.497 0.1%
(19) e+ s- 1.499 1.482 1.1%
(20) e- s+ -1.499 -1.479 1.3%
(21) e- s- 1.499 1.482 1.1%

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 349 of 383

 Shunt Calibration for Main shaft bending 1
1.5
signal
test point

0.5
Voltage (V)

-0.5

-1

-1.5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Time (sec)
Figure 261. Main shaft bending 0 shunt calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 350 of 383

 Table 94. Main Shaft Bending 90 Shunt Calibration Results

Client National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Turbine DOE/GE 1.5sle
Location National Ωind Technology Center, Golden , CO
Signal Main Shaft Downwind 90 Bending

Input Data Value Units Approved

(1) Outer Diameter 581 [mm] RS
(2) Inner Diameter 40 [mm] RS
(3) Modulus of Elasticity 2.10E+05 [N/mm^2] RS
(4) Poissons Ratio 0.3 [] RS
(5) Strain Gage Type II RS
(6) Strain Gage Resistance 350 [Ω] RS
(7) Gage Factor 2.02 [] RS
(8) Shunt Resistance 174.65 [kΩ] RS
(9) Amplifier Gain 999 [] RS
(10) Excitation 3 [] RS
(11) Calibration Date 2/10/2011 RS

Calculations
(12) Section Modulus 1.93E+07 [mm^3]
(13) Voltage Ratio -5.00E-04 [V/V]
(14) Simulated Strain -247.52 microstrain
(15) Simulatred Stress -51.98 [N/mm^2]
(16) Simulated Moment -1000.82 [kNm]

Calibrations
(17) Bridge Voltage -1.500 [mV]
(18) Analog Signal Voltage -1.499 [V]
(19) Gain 667.88 [kNm/V]

Shunt Calibration Test

Test Case Simulated DAS Error (%)
(18) e+ s+ -1.499 -1.498 0.0%
(19) e+ s- 1.499 1.482 1.1%
(20) e- s+ -1.499 -1.489 0.6%
(21) e- s- 1.499 1.482 1.1%

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 351 of 383

 Shunt Calibration for Main shaft bending 2
0.8

0.6
signal
test point
0.4

0.2
Voltage (V)

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (sec)
Figure 262. Main shaft bending 90 shunt calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 352 of 383

 Table 95. Main Shaft Torque Shunt Calibration Results
Client National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Turbine DOE/GE 1.5sle
Location National Ωind Technology Center, Golden , CO
Signal Main Shaft Downwind Torsion

Input Data Value Units Approved

(1) Outer Diameter 581 [mm] RS
(2) Inner Diameter 40 [mm] RS
(3) Modulus of Elasticity 2.10E+05 [N/mm^2] RS
(4) Pissons Ratio 0.3 [] RS
(5) Strain Gage Type S RS
(6) Strain Gage Resistance 350 [Ω] RS
(7) Gage Factor 2.03 [] RS
(8) Shunt Resistance 174.65 [kΩ] RS
(9) Excitation 3 [] RS
(9) Amplifier Gain 999 [] RS
(10) Calibration Date 2/10/2011 RS

Calculations
Polar Moment 3.85E+07 [mm^3]
Voltage Ratio -0.0005 [V/V]
Simulated Strain -246.3054187 [micro-strain]
Shear Modulus 80769 [N/mm^2]
Torque -1532 [kNm]

Calibrations
(15) Bridge Voltage -1.50 [mV]
(16) Analog Signal Voltage -1.50 [V]
(17) Gain 1022.45 [kNm/V]

Shunt Calibration Test

Test Case Simulated DAS Error (%)
(18) e+ s+ -1.499 -1.480 1.2%
(19) e+ s- 1.499 1.490 0.6%
(20) e- s+ -1.499 -1.480 1.2%
(21) e- s- 1.499 1.480 1.3%

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 353 of 383

 Shunt Calibration for Main shaft torque
1.5

1 signal
test point

0.5
Voltage (V)

-0.5

-1

-1.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Time (sec)
Figure 263. Main shaft torque shunt calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 354 of 383

 Table 96. Tower-Top 1 Bending Shunt Calibration Results
Client National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Turbine DOE/GE 1.5sle
Location National Ωind Technology Center, Golden , CO
Signal TowerTop Bending 1

Input Data Value Units Approved

(1) Outer Diameter 2564 [mm] RS
(2) Inner Diameter 2540 [mm] RS
(3) Modulus of Elasticity 2.10E+05 [N/mm^2] RS
(4) Poissons Ratio 0.3 [] RS
(5) Strain Gage Type T RS
(6) Strain Gage Resistance 350 [Ω] RS
(7) Gage Factor 2.02 [] RS
(8) Excitation Voltage 5 [V] RS
(8) Shunt Resistance 174.65 [kΩ] RS
(9) Calibration Date 2/10/2011 RS
1
Calculations
(11) Section Modulus 6.11E+07 [mm^3]
(12) Voltage Ratio -5.00E-04 [V/V]
(12) Simulated Strain -380.81 microstrain
(13) Simulatred Stress -79.97 [N/mm^2]
(14) Simulated Moment -4886 [kNm]

Calibrations
(15) Bridge Voltage 2.98E-05 [mV]
(16) Analog Signal Voltage 0.00 [V]
(17) Gain 9.77E+06 [kNm/V/V]

Shunt Calibration Test

Test Case Simulated DAS Error (%)
(18) e+ s+ 5.0000E-04 5.0331E-04 -0.7%
(19) e+ s- -5.0000E-04 -5.0237E-04 -0.5%
(20) e- s+ 5.0000E-04 5.0288E-04 -0.6%
(21) e- s- -5.0000E-04 -5.0317E-04 -0.6%

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 355 of 383

 x 10
-4
Shunt Calibration for Tower top bending 1
6

4 signal
test point

2
Voltage (V)

-2

-4

-6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Time (sec)
Figure 264. Tower-top 1 bending shunt calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 356 of 383

 Table 97. Tower-Top 2 Bending Shunt Calibration Results

Client National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Turbine DOE/GE 1.5sle
Location National Ωind Technology Center, Golden , CO
Signal TowerTop Bending 2

Input Data Value Units Approved

(1) Outer Diameter 2564 [mm] RS
(2) Inner Diameter 2540 [mm] RS
(3) Modulus of Elasticity 2.10E+05 [N/mm^2] RS
(4) Poissons Ratio 0.3 [] RS
(5) Strain Gage Type T RS
(6) Strain Gage Resistance 350 [Ω] RS
(7) Gage Factor 2.02 [] RS
(8) Excitation Voltage 5 [V] RS
(8) Shunt Resistance 174.65 [kΩ] RS
(9) Calibration Date 2/10/2011 RS
1
Calculations
(11) Section Modulus 6.11E+07 [mm^3]
(12) Voltage Ratio -5.00E-04 [V/V]
(12) Simulated Strain -380.81 microstrain
(13) Simulatred Stress -79.97 [N/mm^2]
(14) Simulated Moment -4886 [kNm]

Calibrations
(15) Bridge Voltage 2.98E-05 [mV]
(16) Analog Signal Voltage 0.00 [V]
(17) Gain 9.77E+06 [kNm/V/V]

Shunt Calibration Test

Test Case Simulated DAS Error (%)
(18) e+ s+ 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.0%
(19) e+ s- 5.00E-04 5.04E-04 -0.8%
(20) e- s+ 0.00E+00 1.93E-06 0.0%
(21) e- s- -5.00E-04 -5.01E-04 -0.2%

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 357 of 383

 x 10
-4
Shunt Calibration for Tower top bending 2
6

4 signal
test point

2
Voltage (V)

-2

-4

-6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Time (sec)
Figure 265. Tower-top 2 bending shunt calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 358 of 383

 Table 98. Tower-Top Torque Bending Shunt Calibration Results

Client National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Turbine DOE/GE 1.5sle
Location National Ωind Technology Center, Golden , CO
Signal Tower Top Torsion

Input Data Value Units Approved

(1) Outer Diameter 2564 [mm] RS
(2) Inner Diameter 2540 [mm] RS
(3) Modulus of Elasticity 2.10E+05 [N/mm^2] RS
(4) Pissons Ratio 0.3 [] RS
(5) Strain Gage Type S RS
(6) Strain Gage Resistance 350 [Ω] RS
(7) Gage Factor 2.02 [] RS
(8) Shunt Resistance 174.65 [kΩ] RS
(9) Excitation 5 [] RS
(10) Calibration Date 2/10/2011 RS

Calculations
(11) Polar Moment 1.22E+08 [mm^3]
(12) Voltage Ratio -5.00E-04 [kNm]
(13) strain -247.52 [microstrain]
(14) Shear Modulus 80769.23 [N/mm^2]
(15) Torque -4886 [kNm]

Calibrations
(15) Bridge Voltage -2.50 [mV]
(16) Analog Signal Voltage -2.50 [mV]
(17) Gain 9.77E+06 [kNm/V/V]

Shunt Calibration Test

Test Case Simulated DAS Error (%)
(18) e+ s+ 5.000E-04 5.038E-04 -0.8%
(19) e+ s- -5.000E-04 -5.048E-04 -1.0%
(20) e- s+ 5.000E-04 5.038E-04 -0.8%
(21) e- s- -5.000E-04 -5.048E-04 -1.0%

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 359 of 383

 x 10
-4
Shunt Calibration for Tower top torque
6

4 signal
test point

2
Voltage (V)

-2

-4

-6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time (sec)
Figure 266. Tower-top torque shunt calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 360 of 383

 Table 99. Tower-Base 1 Bending Shunt Calibration Results

Client National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Turbine DOE/GE 1.5sle
Location National Ωind Technology Center, Golden , CO
Signal Tower Base Bending 1

Input Data Value Units Approved

(1) Outer Diameter 4297 [mm] RS
(2) Inner Diameter 4255 [mm] RS
(3) Modulus of Elasticity 2.10E+05 [N/mm^2] RS
(4) Pissons Ratio 0.3 [] RS
(5) Strain Gage Type T RS
(6) Strain Gage Resistance 350 [Ω] RS
(7) Gage Factor 2.02 [] RS
(8) Excitation Voltage 5 [V] RS
(8) Shunt Resistance 174.65 [kΩ] RS
(9) Calibration Date 2/10/2011 RS

Calculations
(11) Section Modulus 3.00E+08 [mm^3]
(12) Voltage Ratio -5.00E-04 [V/V]
(12) Simulated Strain -380.81 microstrain
(13) Simulatred Stress -79.97 [N/mm^2]
(14) Simulated Moment -23999 [kNm]

Calibrations
(15) Bridge Voltage -2.50 [mV]
(16) Analog Signal Voltage -2.50 [V]
(17) Gain 4.80E+07 [kNm/V/V]

Shunt Calibration Test

Test Case Simulated DAS Error (%)
(18) e+ s+ 5.000E-04 5.058E-04 -1.2%
(19) e+ s- -5.000E-04 -5.058E-04 -1.2%
(20) e- s+ 5.000E-04 5.058E-04 -1.2%
(21) e- s- -5.000E-04 -5.058E-04 -1.2%

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 361 of 383

 x 10
-4
Shunt Calibration for Tower base bending 1
6

4 signal
test point

2
Voltage (V)

-2

-4

-6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Time (sec)
Figure 267. Tower-base 1 bending shunt calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 362 of 383

 Table 100. Tower-Base 2 Bending Shunt Calibration Results

Client National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Turbine DOE/GE 1.5sle
Location National Ωind Technology Center, Golden , CO
Signal Tower Base Bending 2

Input Data Value Units Approved

(1) Outer Diameter 4297 [mm] RS
(2) Inner Diameter 4255 [mm] RS
(3) Modulus of Elasticity 2.10E+05 [N/mm^2] RS
(4) Pissons Ratio 0.3 [] RS
(5) Strain Gage Type T RS
(6) Strain Gage Resistance 350 [Ω] RS
(7) Gage Factor 2.02 [] RS
(8) Excitation Voltage 5 [V] RS
(8) Shunt Resistance 174.65 [kΩ] RS
(9) Calibration Date 2/10/2011 RS

Calculations
(11) Section Modulus 3.00E+08 [mm^3]
(12) Voltage Ratio -5.00E-04 [V/V]
(12) Simulated Strain -380.81 microstrain
(13) Simulatred Stress -79.97 [N/mm^2]
(14) Simulated Moment -23999 [kNm]

Calibrations
(15) Bridge Voltage -2.50 [mV]
(16) Analog Signal Voltage -2.50 [V]
(17) Gain 4.80E+07 [kNm/V/V]

Shunt Calibration Test

Test Case Simulated DAS Error (%)
(18) e+ s+ 5.000E-04 5.057E-04 -1.1%
(19) e+ s- -5.000E-04 -5.057E-04 -1.1%
(20) e- s+ 5.000E-04 5.057E-04 -1.1%
(21) e- s- -5.000E-04 -5.057E-04 -1.1%

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 363 of 383

 x 10
-4
Shunt Calibration for Tower base bending 2
6

4 signal
test point

2
Voltage (V)

-2

-4

-6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time (sec)
Figure 268. Tower-base 2 bending shunt calibration

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 364 of 383

Appendix G. Instrument Calibration Sheets

Figure 269. Calibration sheet for reference anemometer

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 365 of 383

 Figure 270. Calibration sheet for primary anemometer

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 366 of 383

 Figure 271. Calibration sheet of wind vane K16689

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 367 of 383

 Figure 272. Calibration sheet for pressure transducer

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 368 of 383

 Figure 273. Calibration sheet for temperature sensor

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 369 of 383

Figure 274. Calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 158B4F4

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 370 of 383

Figure 275. Calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 158B478

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 371 of 383

Figure 276. Calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 12BD192

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 372 of 383

Figure 277. Calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 12E9CD3

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 373 of 383

Figure 278. Calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 1342666

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 374 of 383

Figure 279. Calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 1357162

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 375 of 383

Figure 280. Calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 1357177

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 376 of 383

Figure 281. Calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 136D7A2

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 377 of 383

Appendix H. Coordinate System
Blade Coordinate System
The blade coordinate system has its origin at the center of the blade flange and is fixed to the
blade, in essence, it rotates with both the azimuth and the pitching of the blade. The z-axis points
towards the blade tip, the y-axis points along the zero pitch line toward the trailing edge, and the
x-axis is perpendicular in accordance with the right-hand rule, as shown in Figure 282.

Figure 282. Blade coordinate system [1]

Rotor Coordinate System

The rotor coordinate system has its origin in the center of the rotor plane and rotates with the
rotor. The x-axis points in the direction along the main shaft in the downwind direction, the z-
axis is perpendicular in the direction of the reference blade (blade 1), and the y-axis is
perpendicular in accordance with the right-hand rule (see Figure 283).

Nacelle Coordinate System

The nacelle coordinate system has its origin at the intersection of the tower axis and the center of
the main shaft. The x-axis points horizontally downwind, the z-axis vertically upwards, and the
y-axis is perpendicular in accordance with the right-hand rule (see Figure 283).

Tower Coordinate System

The tower coordinate system has its origin at the tower center at ground level. The z-axis points
upward, the x-axis points downwind, and the y-axis is perpendicular in accordance with the
right-hand rule. Downwind and crosswind are determined by the nacelle yaw position (see
Figure 283).

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 378 of 383

 Figure 283. Rotor, nacelle, and tower coordinate systems [1]

Yaw Error
The yaw error, which is the direction of the wind and the direction of waves, is considered
positive with the right-hand screw of the tower z-axis as shown in Figure 284.

Wind speed vector Wind speed vector

Positive Negative Positive Negative

Rotor plane

Top view
Rotor plane

Top view

Upwind machine Downwind machine

Figure 284. Yaw error [1]

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 379 of 383

Appendix I. Post-Test Calibration Sheets

Figure 285. Post-test calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 136D7A2

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 380 of 383

Figure 286. Post-test calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 1357177

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 381 of 383

Figure 287. Post-test calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 1357162

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 382 of 383

Figure 288. Post-test calibration sheet for signal conditioning module 1342666

DOE 1.5 ML Test Report [Link] Page 383 of 383