Data Type Data Source

Precipitation Climate Prediction Center (CPC)

Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC)
University of Delaware (UDEL)
CMORPH
GSMaP
IMERG
ERA5
MERRA-2
CHIRPS
PERSIANN
Evapotranspiration MOD16A2
PML_V2
SSEBop
GLEAM V3.6a
SEBS
Streamflow Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC)
Global Streamflow Indices and Metadata (GSIM) Archive
SWOT Mission
Soil Moisture SMAP
ESA CCI
GLDAS
Groundwater GRACE
GRACE-FO
Lake/Reservoir HYDROWEB
G-REALM
DAHITI
ERS-1
ERS-2
Envisat
Jason-1
Jason-2
Jason-3
Sentinel-3A&B
ICESat
ICESat-2
Temperature ERA5
MERRA-2
Biomass Various
Crop Area and Yield MODIS
Landsat (1–8)
AVHRR
Sentinel-2
Spatial Resolution Temporal Resolution Spatial Coverage
0.5° Daily Global
0.25°/1° Monthly/Daily Global
0.5° Monthly Global
0.07° 0.5 Hour 60°N-60°S
0.1° Hourly 60°N-60°S
0.1° 0.5 Hour Global
0.28° Hourly Global
0.5° Hourly Global
0.05° Daily 50°N-50°S
0.25° Hourly 60°N-60°S
500 m 8-Day Global
500 m 8-Day 60°S-90°N
10 km 10-Day Global
0.25° Daily Global
5 km Daily and monthly Global
Various Various Global
Various Various Global
100 m 21 Days Global
9 km Daily Global
0.25° Daily Global
0.25°/(1°) 3 Hourly Global
Various Various Global
Various Various Global
Various Various Global
Various Various Global
Various Various Global
35 days 1991–2000 Global
35 days 1995–2011 Global
35 days 2002–2012 Global
10 days 2001–2012 Global
10 days 2008–2019 Global
10 days 2016-present Global
27 days 2016-present Global
91 days 2003–2009 Global
91 days 2018-present Global
0.28° Hourly Global
0.5° Hourly Global
Various Various Various
250 m - 1 km Daily Global
15-120 m 16 days Global
1.1 km 0.5 days Global
10 m, 20 m, 60 m 2–10 days Global
Temporal Coverage
1948–2018
1891–2018
1900–2017
1998-Present
2000- Present
2000- Present
1950- Present
1979-Present
1981- Present
2000- Present
2001- present
2002–2019
2003–2014
1980- present
2000–2017
Various
Various
2022-Present
2015- present
1978- present
2000-present/ (1979-present)
Various
Various
Various
Various
Various
Various
Various
Various
Various
Various
Various
Various
Various
Various
1950-Present
1979-Present
Various
1999-Present
1972-Present
1978- present
2015-Present
Source
Xie et al. (2010)
Rudolf et al. (2010)
Matsuura and Willmott (2018)
Xie et al. (2019)
Okamoto et al. (2005)
Huffman et al. (2015)
Hersbach et al. (2020)
Gelaro et al. (2017)
Funk et al. (2015)
Sorooshian et al. (2014)
Mu et al. (2011)
Zhang et al. (2019)
Senay et al. (2020)
Martens et al. (2017)
Chen et al. (2021)
The Global Runoff Data Centre (2020)
Do et al. (2018)
NASA (2020)
Entekhabi et al. (2010)
Gruber et al. (2019)
Rodell et al. (2004)
Becker (2006); Jha et al. (2007)
Rodell et al. (2009)
Santos Da Silva et al. (2010); Crétaux et al. (2011b)
Birkett et al. (2011)
Schwatke et al. (2015)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Hersbach et al. (2020)
Gelaro et al. (2017)
Avtar et al. (2019)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Specific Use in WEF Research
Estimating surface water availability and variability, driving hydrological cycle models.
Providing long-term precipitation data for climate and hydrological studies.
Historical precipitation data useful for climatic trend analysis and hydrological modeling.
High temporal resolution precipitation data for real-time monitoring and event analysis.
Hourly precipitation data supporting flood forecasting and hydrological modeling.
Providing high-resolution, frequent updates on global precipitation patterns.
Long-term reanalysis data for comprehensive climate and hydrological studies.
High-resolution reanalysis data useful for climate models and water cycle analysis.
Blending satellite and in-situ data for accurate precipitation estimates in data-scarce regions.
Providing high-frequency precipitation data critical for flood forecasting and water manageme
Estimating actual evapotranspiration to understand water consumption by crops and natural
Providing high-resolution data on evapotranspiration for detailed water balance studies.
Merging remote sensing and ground data for accurate evapotranspiration estimates.
Integrating satellite observations and model data to estimate evapotranspiration globally.
Using surface energy balance methods to estimate evapotranspiration, important for crop wa
Providing historical streamflow data from gauging stations worldwide.
Offering metadata on streamflow data availability and access links.
High-resolution data on river and lake surface water dynamics.
Measuring surface soil moisture for agricultural and hydrological applications.
Long-term soil moisture data integrating multiple satellite sources.
Assimilating satellite and ground data to model land surface parameters, including soil moistu
Monitoring changes in total water storage, including groundwater, using satellite gravity mea
Extending the capabilities of GRACE for continuous monitoring of terrestrial water storage cha
Providing satellite altimetry data on lake and reservoir water levels.
Monitoring global lake and reservoir levels using satellite data.
Offering high-precision altimetry data for global lakes and reservoirs.
Early satellite altimetry mission providing water level data.
Continuation of ERS-1 mission, enhancing temporal coverage of water level data.
Providing improved spatial resolution water level data from satellite altimetry.
High-frequency altimetry data supporting real-time monitoring of water levels.
Continuation of Jason-1 mission, providing consistent long-term water level data.
Latest in the Jason series, offering high-precision water level data.
Providing multi-sensor data for water level, temperature, and other parameters.
Laser altimetry data providing high-resolution measurements of ice and water surfaces.
Advanced laser altimetry providing detailed data on surface water changes.
Providing long-term temperature data essential for climate and hydrological models.
High-resolution reanalysis data for temperature-related studies.
Assessing biomass energy potential from agricultural residues, forests, and dedicated energy
Providing data on crop area and health for agricultural planning and yield estimation.
High-resolution imagery for detailed crop area and yield assessments.
Long-term data for vegetation monitoring and crop yield estimation.
Providing high-resolution data for monitoring crop health and estimating yields.
Use in WEF Research
Essential for water balance calculations, estimating runoff, and irrigation requirement estimat
Used to understand historical precipitation patterns and trends impacting water availability an
Supports climate change impact studies and long-term water availability assessments.
Useful for understanding short-term precipitation patterns and extreme weather events affec
Critical for managing water resources during extreme weather events and for planning irrigat
Enhances the accuracy of hydrological models and water resource management strategies.
Supports the analysis of climate variability and change impacts on water resources.
Provides detailed insights into historical climate conditions and water availability trends.
Essential for water management in regions lacking dense gauge networks, impacting agricult
Enhances real-time decision-making for water resource allocation and flood response strategi
Crucial for irrigation planning, water budgeting, and assessing the water footprint of agricultu
Supports efficient water management in agriculture and helps in assessing the impacts of lan
Enhances the precision of hydrological models and agricultural water use efficiency analyses.
Essential for global-scale water balance studies and climate impact assessments on water res
Supports agricultural water management and helps in predicting crop yields under varying cli
Critical for calibrating hydrological models, water resource planning, and flood risk managem
Useful for assessing the temporal and spatial availability of streamflow data, supporting hydro
Enhances understanding of seasonal streamflow dynamics and supports transboundary water
Essential for irrigation scheduling, drought monitoring, and improving crop yield predictions.
Supports climate change studies and long-term water resource management planning.
Enhances the understanding of soil moisture dynamics and its impact on water availability for
Critical for assessing groundwater depletion and recharge rates, supporting sustainable groun
Supports long-term groundwater management and helps in understanding the impacts of clim
Essential for water resource planning, monitoring reservoir storage changes, and understandi
Supports hydrological modeling and water management in large river basins.
Useful for water balance studies and managing water resources in regions with significant lak
Historical data supports long-term studies of water level changes in lakes and reservoirs.
Useful for understanding long-term trends and variability in lake and reservoir water levels.
Supports detailed studies of water level changes and their impacts on local ecosystems and w
Critical for understanding short-term variations and extreme events in lake and reservoir leve
Supports comprehensive water balance studies and the assessment of hydropower potential.
Enhances the accuracy of water resource models and supports climate change impact studies
Supports integrated water resource management and climate change impact assessments.
Useful for understanding seasonal and interannual variations in lake and reservoir levels.
Supports detailed studies of water level dynamics and the impacts of climate change on wate
Supports the assessment of climate impacts on water resources, agriculture, and energy dem
Critical for understanding temperature impacts on evapotranspiration, crop growth, and energ
Supports the evaluation of biomass energy resources and their integration into the energy mi
Essential for monitoring crop growth, planning harvests, and assessing the impacts of climate
Supports precision agriculture, land use planning, and historical analysis of agricultural trends
Useful for understanding long-term trends in crop productivity and the impacts of climate cha
Enhances precision agriculture practices and supports real-time agricultural decision-making.