7 Solutions

Question: Which amongst the following aqueous solution of electrolytes will

NEET 2023 Manipur

Answer: A

Explanation
TOPIC 1 Alternate Method N =
1000
= 55.5 mol Ans. (d)
18
Expression of Normality
n= 1 Weight percentage × density × 10
Concentration =
[Q 1 m solution implies that 1 mole of Equivalent weight
solute is present in 1 kg or 1000 g water] 98 × 1.8 × 10
01 Which of the following is ∴Mole fraction of solute = = 36 N
49
dependent on temperature? n 1
[NEET 2017] = = = 0.0177 N2 = 2 × 0.1 N = 0.2 N
n + N 1 + 55.5
(a) Molality N 1V1 = N2V2
(b) Molarity 03 25.3 g of sodium carbonate, 36 × V = 0.2 × 1000
(c) Mole fraction Na 2CO 3 is dissolved in enough 0.2 × 1000
(d) Weight percentage water to make 250 mL of solution. V=
36
Ans. (b) If sodium carbonate dissociates = 5.55 mL (dissociation of acid)
Molarity and normality are temperature completely, molar concentration of
dependent because they involve volume sodium ion, Na + and carbonate ion, 05 The mole fraction of the solute in
of solutions. Volume is dependent on CO 2−
temperature. 3 are respectively (Molar mass one molal aqueous solution is
of Na 2CO 3 = 106 g mol −1 ) [CBSE AIPMT 2005]
Moles of solute [CBSE AIPMT 2010]
Molarity (M) = (a) 0.027 (b) 0.036
Volume of solution (in L) (a) 0.955 M and 1.910 M (c) 0.018 (d) 0.009
(b) 1.910 M and 0.955 M Ans. (c)
Molality, mole fraction and weight
percentage does not depend on (c) 1.90 M and 1.910 M
Molality of solution = mole of solute per
temperature because they involve (d) 0.477 M and 0.477 M
kg of solvent
masses of solute and solvent. Ans. (b) So, 1 m = 1 mole of solute per 1000 g of
Molarity solvent
02 What is the mole fraction of the =
Number of moles of solute
× 1000 Hence,
solute in a 1.00 m aqueous Volume of solution (in mL) moles of solute in 1 m aqueous solution = 1
solution? 25. 3 × 1000
[CBSE AIPMT 2015] = = 0.9547 ≈ 0.955 M moles of solvent in 1 m aqueous solution
(a) 0.177 (b) 1.770 106 × 250 1000
= = 55 .55
(c) 0.0354 (d) 0.0177 Na2 CO3 in aqueous solution remains 18
Ans. (d) dissociated as Mole fraction of solute in 1 m solution
1000 × n Na2 CO3 a 2 Na+ + CO23− 1 1
Molality (m) = x 2x x = =
N×M 1 + 55.55 56.55
Since, the molarity ofNa2 CO3 is 0.955 M,
where, n = number of moles of solute = 0.0176 ≈ 0.018
the molarity of CO23− is also 0.955 M and
N = number of moles of solvent that of Na+ is 2 × 0.955 = 1.910 M
06 1 M and 2.5 L NaOH solution is
M = molar mass of solvent
04 Concentrated aqueous sulphuric mixed with another 0.5 M and 3 L
Given, m = 1
acid is 98% H2SO 4 by mass and has NaOH solution. Then, find out the
1000 × n
∴ 1= a density of 1.80 g mL−1 . Volume of molarity of resultant solution.
N × 18
acid required to make one litre of [CBSE AIPMT 2002]
n 18 0.1 M H2 SO4 solution is
⇒ = (a) 0.80 M (b) 1.0 M
N 1000 [CBSE AIPMT 2007] (c) 0.73 M (d) 0.50 M
n 18
or = = 0.0177 (a) 11.10 mL (b) 16.65 mL Ans. (c)
n + N 1018 (c) 22.20 mL (d) 5.55 mL
Moles of 2.5 L of 1M NaOH = 2 .5 × 1 = 2 .5
 Moles of 3.0 L of 0.5 M NaOH Q 68 g of H2O2 produce O2 at NTP = 22 .4 L =
3 2
× 280 + × 420
= 3.0 × 0.5 = 1.5 ∴ 25.5 g of H2O2 will produce 5 5
Total moles of NaOH in solution =
22.4
× 25.5 = 3 × 56 + 2 × 84
= 2 .5 + 1.5 = 40
. 68 = 168 + 168
(Total volume of solution = 8.4 L of O2 = 336 mm of Hg
= 2 .5 + 3.0 = 5 .5 L)
Thus, M1 × V1 = M2 × V2 10 Which one of the following modes 12 A mixture of N 2 and Ar gases in a
4 = M2 × 5 .5 of expressing concentration is cylinder contains 7 g of N 2 and 8 g
∴Molarity of resultant solution, independent of temperature? of Ar. If the total pressure of the
4 [CBSE AIPMT 1995, 92]
mixture of the gases in the cylinder
M2 = M
5.5 (a) Molarity (b) Molality is 27 bar, the partial pressure of N 2
≈0.73 M (c) Formality (d) Normality
is
Ans. (b) [Use atomic masses (in g mol −1 ) :
07 Molarity of liquid HCl, if density of Molality is the best method of expressing N = 14, Ar =40] [NEET (Sep.) 2020]
solution is 1.17 g/cc is concentration of solution because in
[CBSE AIPMT 2001]
(a) 12 bar (b) 15 bar
molality we take mass of solvent which is
independent of temperature, so molality (c) 18 bar (d) 9 bar
(a) 36.5 (b) 18.25
(c) 32.05 (d) 42.10 of solution is independent of Ans. (b)
temperature. From Dalton’s law of partial pressure of
Ans. (c)
gases. We know,
Density = 1.17 g /cc = 1170 g/L
pi = χ i × p
Molarity of solution =
Strength in g / L TOPIC 2 where,
Molecular weight
1170
Henry’s Law and pi = partial pressure ofith component
= M
Raoult’s Law χ i = mole-fraction of ith component
36.5
p = total pressure = 27 bar
= 32.05 M
11 The correct option for the value of (partial pressure) N 2
08 How many gram of a dibasic acid vapour pressure of a solution at = (mole-fraction) N 2 × p
nN 2
(mol. wt. 200) should be present in 45°C with benzene to octane in = ×p
100 mL of the aqueous solution to molar ratio 3 : 2 is nN 2 + nAr
give 0.1 N? [CBSE AIPMT 1999] [At 45°C vapour pressure of 7
(a) 1 g (b) 2 g benzene is 280 mm Hg and that of = 28 × 27 bar = 15 bar
(c) 10 g (d) 20 g octane is 420 mm Hg. Assume 7 8
+
Ans. (a) ideal gas]. [NEET 2021]
28 40
(a) 160 mm of Hg (b) 168 mm of Hg ∴ Partial pressure of N2 in the mixture is
Equivalent weight of dibasic acid
Molecular weight 15 bar.
= (c) 336 mm of Hg (d) 350 mm of Hg
2 Ans. (c)
200
13 The mixture which shows positive
E= = 100 n 3 deviation from Raoult’s law is
2 Molar ratio of benzene to octane, B =
nO 2 [NEET (Sep.) 2020]
Strength = 0.1 N, m = ?V = 100 mL
Mass 1000 Let nB = 3x mol, nO = 2x mol (a) Benzene + toluene
Normality (N ) = × Total number of moles (b) Acetone + chloroform
E V (L)
E NV 100 × 100 × 0.1 = nB + nO = 3x + 2x = 5x mol (c) Chlorethane + bromoethane
w= = = 1g (d) Ethanol + acetone
1000 1000 Mole fraction of benzene,
nB 3x 3 Ans. (d)
χB = = = .
09 The volume strength of 1.5 N H2O 2 nB + nO 5x 5 Let us study the nature of binary
Mole fraction of octane, solutions made of two volatile liquids:
solution is [CBSE AIPMT 1997]
nO 2x 2 (a) (Benzene + Toluene) Ideal solution,
(a) 4.8 (b) 5.2 χO = = = obeys Raoult’s law.
(c) 8.4 (d) 8.8 nB + nO 5x 5
(b) (Acetone + Chloroform) Non-ideal
Ans. (c) Vapour pressure of benzene, solution, shows negative deviation
Normality = 1.5 N pB° = 280 mm Hg from Raoult’s law.
Equivalent weight ofH2O2 = 17 (c) (Chloroethane + Bromoethane) Ideal
Vapour pressure of octane,
solution, obeys Raoult’s law.
So,, strength of the solutions, S = E × N pO° = 420 mm Hg (d) (Ethanol + Acetone) Non-ideal
=17 × 1.5 = 25.5 Total vapour pressure of solution, solution, shows positive deviation
2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2 pS = χ BpB° + χ O pO° from Raoult’s law.
= 2 × 34 = 68 g
14 The mixture that forms maximum 17 Which of the following statements 20 Which one is not equal to zero for
boiling azeotrope is about the composition of the an ideal solution?
[NEET (National) 2019] vapour over an ideal 1 : 1 molar [CBSE AIPMT 2015]
(a) ethanol + water mixture of benzene and toluene is (a) ∆H mix
(b) acetone + carbon disulphide correct? Assume that the (b) ∆S mix
(c) heptane + octane temperature is constant at 25°C. (c) ∆Vmix
(d) water + nitric acid [NEET 2016, Phase I] (d) ∆P = Pobserved − PRaoult
Ans. (d) (Given, vapour pressure data at Ans. (b)
Key Idea The binary liquid mixtures 25°C, benzene = 12.8 kPa, toluene For an ideal solution
having the same composition in liquid and = 3.85 kPa) (i) There will be no change in volume on
vapour phase and boil at constant (a) The vapour will contain a higher mixing the two components i.e.
temperature are called azeotropic percentage of toluene ∆Vmixing = 0
mixtures or azeotropes. (ii) There will be no change in enthalpy
(b) The vapour will contain equal
The solutions that show large negative amounts of benzene and toluene so ∆Hmixing = 0
deviation from Raoult’s law forms (c) Not enough information is given to So, ∆S mix ≠ 0 for an ideal solution.
maximum boiling azeotrope. For, e.g. make a prediction
nitric acid and water. 21 p A and p B are the vapour pressure
(d) The vapour will contain a higher
The remaining option containing percentage of benzene
different mixtures forms minimum of pure liquid components A and B,
boiling azeotrope.
Ans. (d) respectively of an ideal binary
Since, component having higher vapour solution. If χ A represents the mole
15 Which of the following statements pressure will have higher percentage in
fraction of component A, the total
vapour phase. Benzene has vapour
is correct regarding a solution of pressure of the solution will be
pressure 12.8 kPa which is greater than
two compounds A and B exhibiting toluene 3.85 kPa. [CBSE AIPMT 2012]
positive deviation from ideal Therefore, the vapour will contain a (a) pA + χ A (pB − pA) (b) pA + χ A (pA − pB)
behaviour? [NEET (Odisha) 2019] higher percentage of benzene. (c) pB + χ A (pB − pA) (d) pB + χ A (pA − pB)
(a) Intermolecular attractive forces Ans. (d)
between A—A and B—B are stronger 18 Which one of the following is
According to Raoult’s law, if volatile
than those between A—B. incorrect for ideal solution?
liquid added in pure solvent, then total
(b) ∆mix H = 0 at constant T and p [NEET 2016, Phase II]
pressure equal to sum of the partial
(c) ∆mix V = 0 at constant T and p (a) ∆H mix = 0 pressure of volatile liquid and solvent.
(d) Intermolecular attractive forces (b) ∆Umix = 0 Total pressure, pT = pA′ + pB′ …(i)
between A—A and B—B are equal to (c) ∆P = Pobs. − Pcalculated by Raoult’ s law = 0
those between A—B. We know that, pA′ = pA χ A
(d) ∆G mix = 0 pB′ = pBχ B
Ans. (a)
Ans. (d) Substituting the values of pA′ and pB′ in
Solution exhibits positive deviation from
Key Idea For this problem, the following Eq. (i)
ideal behaviour if the intermolecular
expression can be used. pT = pA χ A + pBχ B
interactions, i.e., A  B interactions are
more stronger than in pure components, ∆G mix = ∆Hmix −T∆S mix Mole fraction, χ A + χ B = 1 ⇒ χ B = 1 − χ A
i.e. between A  B or B  B. Thus. For an ideal gas On substituing in above equation,
option (a) is correct. The remaining ∆Hmix = 0; ∆U mix = 0; ∆S mix ≠ 0 pT = pA χ A + pB (1 − χ A )
options are valid only for ideal solutions. Putting all these values in the
= pA χ A + pB − pBχ A
expression,
16 In water saturated air the mole ∴ pT = pB + χ A (pA − pB)
∆G mix = ∆Hmix −T∆S mix
fraction of water vapour is 0.02. If
⇒ ∆G mix = 0 −T∆S mix
the total pressure of the saturated 22 A solution of acetone in ethanol
∴ ∆G mix ≠ 0 [CBSE AIPMT 2006]
air is 1.2 atm, the partial pressure
Thus, option (d) is incorrect. (a) shows a negative deviation from
of dry air is [NEET (Odisha) 2019]
Raoult’s law
(a) 1.18 atm (b) 1.76 atm 19 A gas such as carbon monoxide (b) shows a positive deviation from
(c) 1.176 atm (d) 0.98 atm would be most likely to obey the Raoult’s law
Ans. (c) ideal gas law at [CBSE AIPMT 2015] (c) behaves like a near ideal solution
Partial pressure of dry air = total (a) high temperatures and low pressures (d) obeys Raoult’s law
pressure × mole fraction of dry air (b) low temperatures and high pressures Ans. (b)
⇒ pdry air = ptotal × λ dry air (c) high temperatures and high pressures A solution of acetone in ethanol shows a
Given, λ saturated air = 0.02 (d) low temperatures and low pressures positive deviation from Raoult’s law due
λ dry air = 1 − 0.02 = 0.98 Ans. (a) to miscibility of these two liquids with
ptotal = 12. atm Real gases show ideal gas behaviour at difference of polarity and length of
∴ pdry air = 12 . atm × 0.98 = 1. 176 atm high temperatures and low pressures. hydrocarbon chain.
23 A solution has 1 : 4 mole ratio of 3 2  (c) mole fraction of solute
=  × 80 + × 60  = 48 + 24 = 72 torr
pentane to hexane. The vapour 5 5  (d) mole fraction of solvent
pressure of the pure hydrocarbons Ans. (c)
at 20°C are 440 mm of Hg for 25 Formation of a solution from two According to Raoult’s law, the relative
pentane and 120 mm of Hg for components can be considered as lowering of vapour pressure is equal to
[CBSE AIPMT 2003] the mole fraction of solute, i.e.
hexane. The mole fraction of
I. pure solvent → separated p° − p
pentane in the vapour phase would = χB
solvent molecules, ∆H 1 p°
be [CBSE AIPMT 2005]
(a) 0.549 (b) 0.200 II. pure solute → separated solute χ B = mole fraction of solute
(c) 0.786 (d) 0.478 molecules, ∆H 2
Ans. (d) III. separated solvent and solute 28 The relative lowering of vapour
Total vapour pressure of mixture molecules → solution, ∆H 3 pressure is equal to the ratio
= Vapour pressure of Solution so formed will be ideal, if between the number of
pentane in mixture [CBSE AIPMT 1991]
(a) ∆H sol. = ∆H 1 − ∆H2 − ∆H 3
+ vapour pressure of hexane (a) solute molecules to the solvent
(b) ∆H sol. = ∆H 3 − ∆H 1 − ∆H2 molecules
in mixture (c) ∆H sol. = ∆H 1 + ∆H2 + ∆H 3
Since, the ratio of pentane to hexane (b) solute molecules to the total
(d) ∆H sol. = ∆H 1 + ∆H2 − ∆H 3 molecules in solution
= 1 :4
1 Ans. (c) (c) solvent molecules to the total
∴ Mole fraction of pentane = molecules in the solution
5 For an ideal solution,
4 ∆Hsol = ∆H1 + ∆H2 + ∆H3 (d) solvent molecules to the total
Mole fraction of hexane = number of ions of the solute
5
26 A solution containing components Ans. (b)
= (mole fraction of pentane × vapour
pressure of pentane) + (mole fraction of A and B follows Raoult’s law, when According to Raoult’s law the relative
hexane × vapour pressure of hexane) [CBSE AIPMT 2002] lowering of vapour pressure is equal to
mole fraction of solute, i.e. the ratio of
=  × 440 + × 120  = 184 mm
1 4 (a) A - B attraction force is greater than
5 5  A - A and B - B number of moles of solute to total
number of moles of all component in
Q Vapour pressure of pentane in mixture (b) A - B attraction force is less than A - A
solution.
and B - B
= Vapour pressure of mixture × mole
fraction of pentane in vapour phase (c) A - B attraction force remains same
as A - A and B - B 29 All form ideal solution except
88 = 184 × mole fraction of pentane in [CBSE AIPMT 1988]
(d) volume of solution is different from
vapour phase (a) C 6H6 and C 6H5CH3
sum of volumes of solute and
∴Mole fraction of pentane in vapour phase solvent (b) C2H5Cl and C2H5I
88
= = 0.478 Ans. (c) (c) C 6H5Cl and C 6H5Br
184
Raoult’s law is valid for ideal solution (d) C2H5I and C2H5OH
only. The two components A and B Ans. (d)
24 The vapour pressure of two liquids
follows the condition of Raoult’s law only
P and Q are 80 and 60 torr, when the force of attraction between A
When we mix C2H5I and C2H5OH, there is
respectively. The total vapour change in enthalpy and volume, so it is
and B is equal to the force of attraction
an example of non-ideal solution.
pressure of solution obtained by between A – A and B – B.
mixing 3 moles of P and 2 moles of While non-ideal solutions exhibit either
30 An ideal solution is formed when its
Q would be [CBSE AIPMT 2005] positive or negative deviations from
Raoult’s law. When A – B attraction force components [CBSE AIPMT 1988]
(a) 140 torr (b) 20 torr (a) have no volume change on mixing
is greater than A – A and B – B, then
(c) 68 torr (d) 72 torr
solution shows negative deviation and (b) have no enthalpy change on mixing
Ans. (d) when A–B attraction force is less than (c) have both the above characteristics
3 3 A–A and B–B, the solution shows positive (d) have high solubility
Mole fraction of P = =
3+2 5 deviation.
Ans. (c)
2 2
Mole fraction of Q = = 27 According to Raoult’s law, relative In ideal solution there is no change in
3+2 5 enthalpy and volume after mixing, i.e.
lowering of vapour pressure of a
Hence, total vapour pressure ∆Vmixing = 0,
solution is equal to [CBSE AIPMT 1995]
= Mole fraction of ∆Hmixing = 0
(a) moles of solute
P × vapour pressure of P + mole fraction and Tmix = 0
(b) moles of solvent
of Q × vapour pressure of Q
TOPIC 3 33 If 8 g of a non-electrolyte solute is Ans. (d)

Colligative Properties dissolved in 114 g of n-octane to From Raoult’s law of partial pressure,
reduce its vapour pressure to 80%, pA° − pS nB
=
the molar mass (in g mol −1 ) of the pS nA
31 The following solutions were
solute is [Given that, molar mass of 760 − 732 WB × MA
prepared by dissolving 10 g of ⇒ =
n-octane is 114 g mol −1 ] 732 MB × WA
glucose (C 6H12O 6 ) in [NEET (Oct.) 2020]
250 mL of water (p 1 ), 10 g of urea 28 6.5 × 18
(a) 40 (b) 60 (c) 80 (d) 20 ⇒ =
(CH4N 2O) in 250 mL of water (p 2 ) 732 MB × 100
Ans. (*)
and 10 g of sucrose ⇒ MB = 30.6
Does not match with the options.
(C 12H22O 11 ) in 250 mL of water (p 3 ). 6.5 × 1000
Here, relative lowering of given vapour ∴ ∆Tb = 0.52 × = 1.10
The right option for the decreasing 30.6 × 100
pressure,
order of osmotic pressure of these ∆p p° − p° × 0.8 ∴ Boiling point = 100 + 1.10 = 101.1°C
solutions is = = 0.2
[NEET 2021] p° p° ≈ 101° C
(a) p2 > p1> p3 (b) p1 > p2 > p3 wB
(c) p2 > p3 > p1 (d) p3 > p1 > p2 ∆p nB MB 36 An aqueous solution is 1.00 molal in
Now, = xB = = KI. Which change will cause the
Ans. (a) p° nB + nA w B + w A
MB MA vapour pressure of the solution to
van’t Hoff factor for glucose, urea and
sucrose is one as all are non-ionic.
increase? [CBSE AIPMT 2010]
p° = vapour pressure of pure solvent
Mass of glucose = 10 g (a) Addition of NaCl
(octane)
(b) Addition of Na2 SO 4
Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol −1 Mass of solute (w B) = 8 g
(c) Addition of 1.00 molal KI
Number of moles of glucose Mass of solvent (w A ) = 114g
10 1 (d) Addition of water
= = mol = 0.056 mol Molar mass of solute (MB) = ?
180 18 Ans. (d)
Molar mass of solvent (octane) (MA )
Mass of urea = 10 g Key Idea Vapour pressure depends upon
= 114g mol − 1.
Molar mass of urea = 60 g mol −1 8 / MB
the surface area of the solution. Larger
10 1 ⇒ 0.2 = ⇒ MB = 32g mol − 1 the surface area, higher is the vapour
Number of moles of urea = = mol 8
+
114 pressure.
60 6 MB 114
= 0.167 mol Addition of solute decreases the vapour
pressure as some sites of the surface
Mass of sucrose = 10 g
34 If molality of the dilute solution is are occupied by solute particles,
Molar mass of sucrose = 342 g mol −1 resulting in decreased surface area.
doubled, the value of molal
Number of moles of sucrose However, addition of solvent, i.e.
10 depression constant (K f ) will be dilution, increases the surface area of
= = 0.029 mol [NEET 2017]
342 the liquid surface, thus results in
(a) doubled (b) halved increased vapour pressure.
Osmotic pressure is a colligative
property which depends on the amount (c) tripled (d) unchanged Hence, addition of water to the aqueous
of solute present in the solution. As the Ans. (d) solution of (1 molal) KI, results in
amount of urea is more than that of increased vapour pressure.
For a dilute solution, the depression in
glucose and sucrose. freezing point (∆Tf ) is directly
Amount of solute : Urea > Glucose > proportional to molality (m) of the 37 A solution of sucrose (molar mass
Sucrose solution. = 342 g mol −1 ) has been prepared
∴Osmotic pressure, p2 > p1 > p3 ∆Tf ∝ m or ∆Tf = K f m by dissolving 68.5 g of sucrose in
Where,K f is called molal depression 1000 g of water. The freezing point
32 Isotonic solutions have same constant or freezing point depression of the solution obtained will be
[NEET (Oct.) 2020] constant or cryoscopic constant. The (k f for water = 1.86 K kg mol −1 )
(a) vapour pressure value of K f depends only on nature of the [CBSE AIPMT 2010]
(b) freezing temperature solvent and independent of composition
of solute particles, i.e. does not depend (a) − 0.372 °C (b) − 0.520°C
(c) osmotic pressure
on the concentration of solution. (c) + 0.372 °C (d) − 0.570°C
(d) boiling temperature Ans. (a)
Ans. (c) 35 At 100°C the vapour pressure of a Depression in freezing point,
Isotonic solutions have same osmotic solution of 6.5 g of a solute in 100 g ∆Tf = kf × m
pressure ( π) at a given temperature. water is 732 mm. If K b = 0.52, the W × 1000
where, m = molality = B
π = CRT boiling point of this solution will be MB ⋅ WA
When, two solution have same molar [NEET 2016, Phase I]
68.5 × 1000 68. 5
concentration (C) their osmotic pressure (a) 100°C (b) 102°C = =
will be equal. 342 × 1000 342
(c) 103°C (d) 101°C
 68.5 40 1.00 g of a non-electrolyte solute 42 A solution contains non-volatile
∆Tf = 1.86 × = 0.372 °C
342 (molar mass 250 g mol–1 ) was solute of molecular mass, M 2 .
Tf = TF − ∆TF
0
dissolved in 51.2 g of benzene. If Which of the following can be used
= 0 − 0.372° C
the freezing point depression to calculate the molecular mass of
= − 0.372° C
constant, k f of benzene is 5.12 K kg solute in terms of osmotic
38 A solution containing 10 g per dm 3 mol–1 , the freezing point of pressure? [CBSE AIPMT 2002]
benzene will be lowered by m   m  RT
of urea (molecular mass = 60 g (a) M2 =  2  VRT (b) M2 =  2 
mol–1 ) is isotonic with a 5% solution
[CBSE AIPMT 2006]
π  V  π
(a) 0.4 K (b) 0.3 K  m2   m2  π
of a non-volatile solute. The (c) 0.5 K (d) 0.2 K (c) M2 =   πRT (d) M2 =  
molecular mass of this non-volatile V   V  RT
Ans. (a)
solute is [CBSE AIPMT 2006] Ans. (b)
Molality of non-electrolyte solute
(a) 250 g mol–1 (b) 300 g mol–1 Weight of solute in (g) For dilute solution,
(c) 350 g mol–1 (d) 200 g mol–1 molecular weight of solute pV = nRT (p = π, osmotic pressure)
= n
Ans. (b) Weight of solvent in (kg) or πV = nRT or π = RT
10 g per dm 3 of urea is isotonic with 5% 1 V
solution of a non-volatile solute. Hence, m m RT
= 250 ⇒ πV = 2 RT ⇒ M2 = 2
between these solutions osmosis is not 0.0512 M2 πV
possible, so their molar concentrations
=
1
= 0.0781 m where, π =osmotic pressure
are equal to each other.
250 × 0.0512 V = volume of solution
Thus, molar concentration of urea
solution ∆Tf = kf × molality of solution n = number of moles of solute
10 g / dm3 = 5.12 × 0.0781 ≈ 0.4 K m2 =mass of solute
= M2 = molecular mass of solute
Molecular weight of urea
10 1 41 A solution of urea (mol. mass 56 g
= M= M mol–1 ) boils at 100.18°C at the 43 Pure water can be obtained from
60 6
Molar concentration of 5% non-volatile atmospheric pressure. If k f and k b sea water by [CBSE AIPMT 2001]
solute for water are 1.86 and 0.512 K kg (a) centrifugation (b) plasmolysis
50 g / dm3 mol–1 respectively, the above (c) reverse osmosis (d) sedimentation
=
Molecular weight of non − solution will freeze at Ans. (c)
[CBSE AIPMT 2005] Reverse osmosis The minimum
volatile solute
(a) –6.54°C (b) 6.54°C external pressure applied to a solution
50
= M (c) 0.654°C (d) –0.654°C separated from a solvent by
m semipermeable membrane to prevent
Ans. (d)
Both solutions are isotonic to each osmosis, is called osmotic pressure.
other, therefore According to depression of freezing When the pressure applied to solution is
1 50 point, more than osmotic pressure, solute will
= ∆Tf = kf × molality of solution
6 m pass from the solution into solvent
According to elevation of boiling point, through the semipermeable membrane.
or m = 50 × 6 = 300 g mol −1
∆Tb = kb × molality of solution This phenomenon is known as reverse
osmosis.
39 During osmosis, flow of water ∆Tf k
or = f The osmotic pressure of sea water is 25
through a semipermeable ∆Tb kb
atm at 15°C. When pressure greater than
membrane is [CBSE AIPMT 2006] Given that 26 atm is applied on sea water separated
(a) from solution having higher ∆Tb = T2 − T1 = 100.18 − 100 = 0.18 by a rigid semipermeable membrane,
concentration only kb for water = 1.86 K kg mol –1 pure water is obtained. This is also called
(b) from both sides of semipermeable desalination of sea water.
kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol –1
membrane with equal flow rates
∆Tf 1.86
(c) from both sides of semipermeable ∴ = 44 Which of the following colligative
membrane with unequal flow rates 0.18 0.512
property can provide molar mass of
1.86 × 0.18
(d) from solution having lower ∆Tf = = 0.6539 ≈ 0.654 proteins (or polymers or colloids)
concentration only 0.512
with greatest precision?
Ans. (d) ∆Tf = T1 − T2 [CBSE AIPMT 2000]
During osmosis, flow of water through a 0.654 = 0 ° C − T2 (a) Osmotic pressure
semipermeable membrane is from ∴ T2 = − 0.654° C (b) Elevation in boiling point
solution having lower concentration (T2 → freezing point of aqueous urea (c) Depression in freezing point
only. solution) (d) Relative lowering of vapour pressure
 Ans. (a) Ans. (c) Ans. (c)
Osmotic pressure is a colligative Isotonic solutions are the solutions We know that, according to Raoult’s law
property which is used to find the having same osmotic pressure. p° − p
= χB
molecular weight of polymer because Osmotic pressure of 5% cane sugar p°
other colligative properties give so low solution p° − 60 nB 0.2
value of molecular weight that it cannot 50 g / L = =
be measured accurately. ( π 1) = C × R × T = × 0.0821 × T p° nA + nB 0.2 + 0.8
342
0.2 2 1
Osmotic pressure of 1% solution of = = =
45 The vapour pressure of benzene at 1.0 10 5
substance p°
a certain temperature is 640 10 g / L p° − 60 =
X ( π2 ) = × 0.0821 × T 5
mmHg. A non-volatile and M p°
non-electrolyte solid, weighing Both are isotonic ⇒ p° − = 60
5
2.175 g is added to 39.08 g of So, π 1 = π2 5p° − p°
50 10 = 60
benzene. If the vapour pressure of or × 0.0821 × T = × 0.0821 × T 5
the solution is 600 mm Hg, what is 342 M
4p° = 60 × 5
342
the molecular weight of solid ∴ M (molecular weight of X) = = 68.4 60 × 5 300
5 p° = = = 75 mm of Hg
substance? [CBSE AIPMT 1999] 4 4
(a) 49.50 (b) 59.60 (c) 69.40 (d) 79.82
48 The vapour pressure of a solvent
Ans. (c) decreased by 10 mm in two 50 Vapour pressure of benzene at
According to Raoult’s law, columns of mercury when a 30°C is 121.8 mm. When 15 g of a
p° − p w × M non-volatile solute was added to non-volatile solute is dissolved in
=
p° m× W the solvent. The mole fraction of 250 g of benzene its vapour
640 − 600 2 .175 × 78 the solute in the solution is 0.2. pressure decreased to 120.2 mm.
=
640 m × 3908
. What should be the mole fraction The molecular weight of the solute
(M for C6H6 = 78) of the solvent if the decrease in the is (mol. weight of solvent = 78)
[CBSE AIPMT 1995]
2 .175 × 78 × 640 vapour pressure is to be 20 mm of
m= (a) 356.2 (b) 456.8 (c) 530.1 (d) 656.7
40 × 3908
. mercury [CBSE AIPMT 1998]
(a) 0.8 (b) 0.6 (c) 0.4 (d) 0.2 Ans. (a)
= 6945
. ≈ 694
.
Ans. (b) Given, vapour pressure of pure benzene
( p° ) = 121.8 mm
46 If 0.15 g of solute, dissolved in 15 g According to Raoult’s law, the relative
Vapour pressure of solution
of solvent, is boiled at a lowering of vapour pressure is equal to
(p) = 120.2 mm
the mole fraction of solute, i.e.
temperature higher by 0.216°C, p° − p n ∆p n Mass of solute (w B) = 15 g
than that of the pure solvent, the = or =
p° n+ N p° n + N Mass of benzene (w A ) = 250g
molecular weight of the substance 10 Molar mass of solvent (mA ) = 78
is (molal elevation constant for the = 0.2 ⇒ p° = 50 mm
p° Molecular weight of solute (mB) = ?
solvent is 2.16°C) Hence, according to Raoult’s law,
For other solution of same solvent
[CBSE AIPMT 1999] p° − p w B × mA
20 n 20 n =
(a) 1.01 (b) 10 = or = p° mB × w A
p° n + N 50 n + N
(c) 10.1 (d) 100
n p° = vapour pressure of solvent
Ans. (d) 0.4 = (mole fraction of solute)
n+ N p = vapour pressure of the solution
w = 0.15 g, W = 15 g,
Q Mole fraction of solvent + mole fraction 121.8 − 120.2 15 × 78
∆Tb = 0.216° C kb = 2 .16, m = ? =
of solute = 1 121.8 mB × 250
1000 × kb w
m= × So, mole fraction of solvent = 1 − 0.4 = 0.6 121.8 × 15 × 78
∆Tb W mB =
250 × (121.8 − 120.2)
1000 × 2 .16 × 0.15 49 The vapour pressure, at a given
= = 100 142506 142506
0.216 × 15 temperature, of an ideal solution = = = 356.26 g mol −1
250 × 1.6 400
containing 0.2 mole of a
47 A 5% solution of cane sugar (mol. non-volatile solute and 0.8 mole of
wt. = 342) is isotonic with 1% 51 Which one is a colligative property?
solvent is 60 mm of Hg. The vapour [CBSE AIPMT 1992]
solution of a substance X. The pressure of the pure solvent at the
(a) Boiling point
molecular weight of X is same temperature is
[CBSE AIPMT 1998] (b) Vapour pressure
[CBSE AIPMT 1996]
(a) 34.2 (b) 171.2 (c) Osmotic pressure
(a) 150 mm of Hg (b) 60 mm of Hg
(c) 68.4 (d) 136.8 (d) Freezing point
(c) 75 mm of Hg (d) 120 mm of Hg
 Ans. (c) to the molal concentration of the (b) C6H12O6 s no ions [i = 0]
Osmotic pressure is an example of solution i.e. because glucose does not gives ions.
colligative property because its value ∆Tb ∝ m or ∆Tb = K b m (c) Al2 (SO4 ) 3 (aq)
s 2Al 3+ + 3SO24−
depends only on the number of moles of where, m is the molality of the solution [Total ions = 5, thus,i = 5 ]
solute, not on their chemical nature. and K b is molal boiling point constant or (d) K2SO4 (aq) s 2K+ + SO24−
ebullioscopic constant.
52 Blood cells retain their normal [Total ions = 3, thus, i = 3 ]
∴ By elevation in boiling point relation
shape in solutions which are Hence, Al2 (SO4 ) 3 will exhibit largest
∆Tb = iK b m or ∆Tb ∝ i freezing point depression due to the
[CBSE AIPMT 1991]
where,i is van’t Hoff factor highest value ofi.
(a) hypotonic to blood
Since, ∆Tb of solution X is greater than
(b) isotonic to blood
∆Tb of solution Y. 57 The van’t Hoff factor, i for a
(c) hypertonic to blood
(Observed colligative property is greater compound which undergoes
(d) equinormal to blood than normal colligative property). dissociation in one solvent and
Ans. (b) ∴ i of solution X > i of solution Y association in other solvent is
When blood cells are placed in a solution ∴ Solution X undergoing dissociation respectively. [CBSE AIPMT 2011]
of similar concentration as that of blood,
(a) less than one and less than one
then they neither swell nor shrink it
55 Which one of the following (b) greater than one and less than one
means the concentration of solution is
same as that of inside the blood cells, electrolytes has the same value of (c) greater than one and greater than one
i.e. they are isotonic to each other. van't Hoff's factor (i) as that of (d) less than one and greater than one
Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (if all are 100% ionised)? Ans. (b)
[CBSE AIPMT 2015]
TOPIC 4 (a) K2 SO 4 (b) K 3 [Fe(CN) 6]
Abnormality present due to dissociation
and association of the solution.
Abnormal Molecular Masses (c) AI (NO 3) 3 (d) K 4 [Fe(CN) 6] For dissociation, van’t Hoff factor is
and Distribution Law Ans. (d) greater than one and for association,
Al2 (SO4 ) 3a 2 Al 3+ + 3 SO24− van’t Hoff factor is less than one.
53 The van’t Hoff factor (i) for a dilute Value of van’t Hoff’s factor (i) = 5 For dissociation, i > 1
aqueous solution of the strong (a) K2SO4 a 2K+ + SO24− (i = 3) For association, i < 1
electrolyte barium hydroxide is (b) K3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]
a 3 K+ + [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3−
[NEET 2016, Phase II]
(i = 4)
58 The freezing point depression
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 (c) Al(NO3) 3 a Al 3+ + 3 NO−3
constant for water is – 1.86°C m −1 .
Ans. (d) (i = 4) If 5.00 g Na 2 SO4 is dissolved in
Key Idea Strong electrolytes dissociate (d) K4 [Fe(CN) 6 ]
a 4 K+ + [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3− 45.0 g H2O, the freezing point
completely in their solutions. (i = 5) is changed by – 3.82°C. Calculate
van’t Hoff factor = total number of ions Therefore, K4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] has same value the van’t Hoff factor for Na 2 SO4 .
after dissociation of i that ofAl2 (SO4 ) 3 i.e. i = 5. [CBSE AIPMT 2011]
So for Ba(OH)2 q Ba2 + (aq ) + 2OH− (aq) (a) 2.63 (b) 3.11 (c) 0.381 (d) 2.05
Number of ions 1 2 56 Of the following 0.10 m aqueous Ans. (a)
van’t Hoff factor, i = 1 + 2 = 3 solutions, which one will exhibit the According to depression in freezing point,
largest freezing point depression? ∆Tf = i × kf ⋅ m
−1
54 The boiling point of 0.2 mol kg [CBSE AIPMT 2014]
where, kf = cryoscopic constant
solution of X in water is greater (a) KCl (b) C 6 H 12O 6
∆Tf × Wsolvent
than equimolal solution of Y in (c) Al2 (SO 4 ) 3 (d) K2 SO 4 or i =
kf × nsolute × 1000
water. Which one of the following Ans. (c)
3.82 × 45
statements is true in this case? ∆Tf (freezing point depression) is a = = 2.63
 5 
[CBSE AIPMT 2015] colligative property and depends upon 1.86 ×   × 1000
(a) X is undergoing dissociation in water. the van’t Hoff factor (i), i.e. number of  142 
(b) Molecular mass of X is greater than ions given by the electrolyte in aqueous
the molecular mass ofY. solution. 59 A 0.0020 m aqueous solution of an
(c) Molecular mass of X is less than the ∆Tf = i × kf × m ionic compound Co(NH3 ) 5 (NO 2 )Cl
molecular mass of Y. where, kf = molal freezing point
(d) Y is undergoing dissociation in water depression constant freezes at – 0.00732°C. Number of
while X undergoes no change. m = molality of the solution moles of ions which 1 mole of ionic
Ans. (a) ∴ kf and m are constant, compound produces on being
∴ ∆Tf ∝ i dissolved in water will be
Molality of solution X = molality of
solution Y = 0 .2 mol/kg van’t Hoff factor for ionic solution. (k f = − 1.86° C / m)
We know that, elevation in the boiling (a) KCl (aq) s K+ (aq) + Cl − (aq), [CBSE AIPMT 2009]
point (∆Tb ) of a solution is proportional (Total ions =2 thus, i = 2) (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 1
 Ans. (a) 61 Which of the following 0.10 M (a) Al2 (SO 4 ) 3
Given, molality, m = 0.0020 m aqueous solution will have the (b) NaCl
∆Tf = 0 ° C − 0.00732° C lowest freezing point? (c) Al(NO 3) 3
= − 0.00732° C [CBSE AIPMT 1997] (d) Na2 SO 4
kf = − 1.86° C / m (a) Al2 (SO 4 ) 3 (b) C 5H10O 5 Ans. (a)
∆Tf = i ⋅ kf × m (c) KI (d) C 12H22O 11 Both K4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] and Al2 (SO4 ) 3 gives 5
∆Tf Ans. (a) ions after dissociation, so they have
i= same value of van’t Hoff factor (i).
kf × m Depression in freezing point ∝ number of
K4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] → 4K+ + [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4–
0.00732 particles.
= Al2 (SO4 ) 3 → 2Al 3+ + 3SO24–
1.86 × 0.0020 In colligative properties ions behave like
= 1.96 ≈ 2 particles.
Al2 (SO4 ) 3 provides five ions on ionisation 64 In a pair of immiscible liquids, a
Since, the compound is ionic, so number
as common solute dissolves in both
of moles produced is equal to van’t Hoff
factor, i. Al2 (SO4 ) 3 → 2 Al 3+ + 3SO24– and the equilibrium is reached.
Hence, 2 moles of ions are produced. KI º K + + I– Then, the concentration of the
[Co(NH3) 5 NO2 ]Cl → while KI provides two ions and C5 H10O5 solute in upper layer is
1 mol and C12H22O11 are not ionised, so they [CBSE AIPMT 1994]
[Co(NH3) 5 NO2 ] + + Cl – have single particle (a) in fixed ratio with that in the lower
1444 424444 3
2 ions Hence, lowest freezing point is possible layer
for Al2 (SO4 ) 3. (b) same as the lower layer
60 0.5 molal aqueous solution of a
(c) lower than the lower layer
weak acid (HX) is 20% ionised. If k f 62 At 25°C, the highest osmotic (c) higher than the lower layer
for water is 1.86K kg mol −1 , the pressure is exhibited by 0.1 M Ans. (a)
lowering in freezing point of the solution of [CBSE AIPMT 1994] According to Nernst distribution law
solution is [CBSE AIPMT 2007]
when we mixed a common solute in a
(a) CaCl2 (b) KCl
(a) –1.12 K (b) 0.56 K (c) glucose (d) urea pair of immiscible liquids, then the ratio
(c) 1.12 K (d) – 0.56 K of amount of solute in both liquids is
Ans. (a)
Ans. (c) fixed at a fixed temperature.
+
CaCl2 is an electrolyte and dissociates to
HX ºH + X− give three ions as
Weak acid 65 Which of the following aqueous
CaCl2 → Ca2 + + 2Cl −
1 0 0 (initially) solutions has minimum freezing
While KCl gives two ions and glucose and
1−α α α (at equilibrium) point? [CBSE AIPMT 1991]
urea are non-electrolytes, so remains
Total = 1 − α + α + α = 1 + α undissociated. (a) 0.01 m NaCl
1+ α (b) 0.005 m MgI2
i= As osmotic pressure is a colligative
1 property (i.e. depend only on number of (c) 0.005 m C2H5OH
α = 20%dissociation particles), so highest for CaCl2 . (d) 0.005 m MgSO 4
i.e. α = 0.2 Ans. (a)
i = 1 + α = 1 + 0.2 = 1.2 63 Which one of the following salts 0.01 molal NaCl solution have minimum
∆Tf = i × K f × m will have the same value of van’t freezing point because its molality is
= 1.2 × 1.86 K kg mol –1 × 0.5 Hoff factor (i) as that of more and it gives two ions after
= 1.12 K K 4 [Fe(CN) 6] ? [CBSE AIPMT 1994] dissociation of one molecule.