ME2102 Thermodynamics Tutorial problem sheet - 5 Date: 04-10-2024
Text Book: C Borgnakke & R E Sonntag, Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, 8th Edition, John Wiley, 2013
1. Two reversible processes A and B in a piston/cylinder is shown in the following figures (A) and (B).
Indicate the storage change u2 − u1 and transfers 1w2 and 1q2 as positive, zero, or negative for both the
processes. [6.7 and 6.8]
(A) (B)
2. Find the entropy for the following water states and indicate each state on a T–s diagram relative to the
two-phase region. [6.27]
(a) 250oC, v = 0.02 m3/kg, (b) 250oC, 2000 kPa, (c) − 2oC, 100 kPa
Ans.: (a) 4.05 kJ/kg-K, (b) 6.54 kJ/kg-K, (c) -1.237 kJ/kg-K
3. Two kilograms of water at 120oC with a quality of 25% has its temperature raised 20oC in a constant
volume process. What are the new quality and specific entropy? [6.30]
Ans.: 0.43885, 4.02 237 kJ/kg-K
4. Saturated vapor water at 250oC is expanded to a lower pressure with constant temperature. Find the
changes in u and s when the final pressure is (a) 100 kPa, (b) 50 kPa, (c) 10 kPa. [6.33]
Ans.: Δu, Δs = (a) 23.2, 0.776; (b) 26, 1.1; (c) 28.3, 1.85 ( kJ/kg, kJ/kg-K)
5. Water at 1 MPa, 250oC is expanded in a piston/cylinder to 200 kPa, x = 1.0 in a reversible process. Find
the sign for the work and the sign for the heat transfer. [6.39] Ans.: Negative, Negative
6. A piston/cylinder maintaining constant pressure contains 0.1 kg saturated liquid water at 100oC. It is now
boiled to become saturated vapor in a reversible process. Find the work term and then the heat transfer
from the energy equation. Find the heat transfer from the entropy equation; is it the same? [6.44], Ans.:
16.94 kJ, 225.7 kJ
7. A piston/cylinder has constant pressure of 2000 kPa with water at 20oC. It is now heated to 100oC. Find
the heat transfer and the entropy change using the steam tables. Repeat the calculation using constant
heat capacity and incompressibility. [6.66], Ans.: 334.6 kJ/kg, 1 kJ/kg-k, same.
8. A computer CPU chip consists of 50 g silicon, 20 g copper, and 50 g polyvinyl chloride (plastic). It heats
from 15 oC to 75 oC as the computer is turned on. How much did the entropy increase? [6.71] Ans: 0.016
kJ/K. [Use property values from table A.3]
9. A piston/cylinder setup contains air at 100 kPa, 400 K that is compressed to a final pressure of 1000 kPa.
Consider two different processes: (a) a reversible adiabatic process and (b) a reversible isothermal
process. Show both processes in P–v and a T–s diagram. Find the final temperature and the specific work
for both processes. [6.80], Ans: (a) 772 K, -267 kJ/kg; (b) 400 K, -264 kJ/kg.
[Use air properties from table A.5: R = 0.287 kJ/kg∙K; Cp = 1.004 kJ/kg∙K; Cv = 0.717 kJ/kg∙K]
10. We wish to obtain a supply of cold helium gas by applying the following technique. Helium contained
in a cylinder under ambient conditions, 100 kPa, 20 oC, is compressed in a reversible isothermal process
to 600 kPa, after which the gas is expanded back to 100 kPa in a reversible adiabatic process. (a) Show
the process on a T–s diagram. (b) Calculate the final temperature and the net work per kilogram of helium.
[6.94], Ans: 143 K, -624 kJ/kg.
[Use helium properties from table A.5: R = 2.007 kJ/kg∙K; Cp = 5.193 kJ/kg∙K; Cv = 3.116 kJ/kg∙K]
1
11. One kilogram of water at 500 oC and 1 kg saturated water vapor, both at 200 kPa, are mixed in a constant-
pressure and adiabatic process. Find the final temperature and the entropy generation for the process.
[6.117], Ans: 312 oC, 0.225 kJ/K.
12. A piston/cylinder contains 1 kg water at 150 kPa, 20 oC. The piston is loaded, so the pressure is linear in
volume (P=A+BV). Heat is added from a 600 oC source until the water is at 1 MPa, 500 oC. Find the heat
transfer and the entropy generation. [6.130], Ans: 3243 kJ, 3.75 kJ/K
13. One kilogram air at 100 kPa is mixed with 2 kg air at 200 kPa, both at 300 K, in a rigid, insulated tank.
Find the final state (P, T) and the entropy generation in the process. [6.145], Ans: 133 kPa, 300 K, 0.034
kJ/K.
[Use air properties from table A.5: R = 0.287 kJ/kg∙K; Cp = 1.004 kJ/kg∙K; Cv = 0.717 kJ/kg∙K]
14. Nitrogen at 200 oC, 300 kPa is in a piston/cylinder, volume 5 L, with the piston locked with a pin. The
forces on the piston require a pressure inside of 200 kPa to balance it without the pin. The pin is removed,
and the piston quickly comes to its equilibrium position without any heat transfer. Find the final P, T,
and V and the entropy generation due to this partly unrestrained expansion. [6.154], Ans: 200 kPa, 428
K, 0.0068 m3, 0.173 J/K.
[Use nitrogen properties from table A.5: R = 0.297 kJ/kg∙K; Cp = 1.042 kJ/kg∙K; Cv = 0.745 kJ/kg∙K]
15. A cylinder/piston contains carbon dioxide at 1MPa, 300 oC with a volume of 200 L. The total external
force acting on the piston is proportional to V3. This system is allowed to cool to room temperature, 20
o
C. What is the total entropy generation for the process? [6.159], Ans: 0.365 kJ/K.
[Use CO2 properties from table A.5: R = 0.189 kJ/kg∙K; Cp = 0.842 kJ/kg∙K; Cv = 0.653 kJ/kg∙K]