MYP-3 CHEMISTRY
REACTIONS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
⚫ To recall the concept of Periodic table of elements.
⚫ To revise about the reaction of metals with oxygen,
water and the reaction of metals with acid.
⚫ To understand why different metals show different pattern
in their reactivity through REACTIVTIY SERIES.
⚫ To understand that there are different types of reactions.
⚫ To learn about Displacement reaction and commercial
use.
Let’s Recall
First 20 elements of the Periodic table.
The Periodic table basics
⚫ Each of the element in the Periodic table has different atomic
structure with different number of electrons, protons and neutrons.
⚫ The atoms of the different elements have different atomic size.
⚫ Metals have some properties in common while some are different. Eg:
Iron is strong and hard while Sodium is a soft metal.
Looking at the reaction of metals with oxygen
•Magnesium reacts with oxygen •Iron reacts with oxygen and we
when we heat it. can observe the rust being
formed.
•More heat and light energy is
given off in this reaction • Iron reacts much slowly than
Magnesium.
Reactivity of metals in different groups
⚫ The metals in Group 1 of the Periodic table are softer than other
metals and are more reactive.
⚫ Their reactivity increases down the Group.
⚫ While Group 2 metals are not that reactive as compared to
Group-1.
Metals react with oxygen
•Piece of sodium looks dull upon •Surface of sodium looks shiny
removing from the container. upon being cut.
• It will soon turn dull after a
while.
Metals react with oxygen
•Piece of Potassium looks dull upon •Surface of Potassium looks shiny
upon being cut.
removing from the container.
• It will soon turn dull after a
while.
We can say that…
⚫ Metals upon reacting with oxygen becomes dull as
the surface of metals becomes covered with new substance –Oxide of
the metal.
⚫ Some metals can react with oxygen even without heating.
General equation:
• Metal + Oxygen metal oxide
Reactions of Group 1 metals with water
Lithium in water Sodium in water Potassium in water
Rubidium in water Cesium in water
Reactions of Group 1 metals with water
•Group 1 metals react vigorously with water.
• As we down the Group the way in which the metal reacts
intensifies.
•Thus we can say that the reactivity increases down the group.
• All the metals in Group 1 react with water to produce metal
hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
General equation:
• Metal +Water metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas
Reactions of some other metals with water
• Some metals react with water less vigorously with water like Calcium
and Magnesium.
• The gas (hydrogen) produced can be collected by displacement of water
(as shown below).
• The gas can then be tested to prove it is hydrogen with a lit splint
(a popping sound is heard)
Reaction of magnesium in comparison with calcium
•Magnesium being placed before calcium in Group-2 will not react that
rapidly with water.
• But can react more rapidly with steam than in water.
• The products for this reaction are magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas.
• The word equation for this reaction is:
• Magnesium + steam magnesium oxide + hydrogen gas
Magnesium reacting with steam
Reason for the reaction to be rapid
⚫ The particles in the steam are able to move freely and have
a lot more energy than the particles in the liquid water.
⚫ The particles in the steam collide with the particles on the
surface of the magnesium more frequently than the
particles in the liquid water.
⚫ This means that a reaction between steam and magnesium
is more vigorous than between liquid water and
magnesium.
Reaction of metals with acid
⚫ Metal reacts with dilute acid to give metal salt as well as hydrogen gas.
⚫ Different acids will give different metal salt.
⚫ General equation:
Metal + acid metal salt + hydrogen gas
⚫ Example:
⚫ Magnesium + hydrochloric acid 🡪Magnesium chloride + hydrogen
Write the following word and chemical equations
⚫ Magnesium reacting with sulfuric acid.
⚫ Zinc reacting with nitric acid.
⚫ Aluminium reacting with hydrochloric acid.
Answers
Predict which metal is most reactive with acid to the
least.
Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, Copper
When the order of reactivity of metals with oxygen, water and
acid are compared there is a pattern of results.
Combining the information from all the reactions of metals with water,
oxygen and acid gives an overall order of reactivity called as
REACTIVTIY SERIES.
THE REACTIVITY SERIES
⚫ The reactivity series is the list of metals placed in order of
their reactivity.
⚫ One way to remember this order is through the pneumonic.
⚫ The reactivity series can be used to make predictions about the
reactions of metals.
⚫ Predictions can be made about simple reactions of metals with
oxygen, water and acids.
⚫ Prediction can also be made about more complex reactions where
one metal is competing with another.
Simple Pneumonic used to remember Reactivity series
Why some metals are more reactive than others?
•More reactive metals have a greater tendency to lose electrons and form
positive ions.
Reaction of each metal with oxygen, water and acid
(complete the table given below in notebook)
Metal Reaction with Reaction with water Reaction with
oxygen acid
Potassium Potassium Potassium + water 🡪 Potassium +
+oxygen🡪Potassium Potassium hydroxide hydrochloric
oxide +hydrogen gas acid🡪Potassium
chloride +
K + O2 → K2O K + H2O → KOH +H2 hydrogen gas
K+ HCl → KCl +
H2
K+
Gold Gold + oxygen → No
reaction
Non-metals in the reactivity series
•It is useful to place carbon and hydrogen into the reactivity series because
these elements can be used to extract metals.
•Here is the reactivity series including carbon and hydrogen.
• Zinc and Iron can be displaced from their oxides using
carbon but not using hydrogen.
• However, copper can be extracted using carbon or Hydrogen.
Non-metals in the reactivity series
•It is useful to place carbon and hydrogen into the reactivity series because
these elements can be used to extract metals.
•Here is the reactivity series including carbon and hydrogen.
• zinc and iron can be displaced from their oxides using
carbon but not using hydrogen.
However, copper can be extracted using carbon or hydrogen.
Can write the chemical formula of the common compounds
te Sulfuric acid
Copper sulpha
loride
m c h
g n esiu
Ma
i t rate
n
Zinc
Aluminium chloride
i de
ox
i um
i n
u m de
Al i u m oxi
Sod
Can you write the chemical formula of the common compounds
te Sulfuric acid
Copper sulpha
H2SO4
CuSO4
ide MgCl2
Magnesium chlor
Zinc nitrate
Aluminium chloride AlCl₃
Zn(NO₃)₂
i de
ox
oxide
in ium Sod i u m
l u m
A
Al2O3 Na2O
sh o w n b e low?
y p e o f re a ctions
y the belo wt
id e n ti f
Can you
Answers:
Neutralisation reaction
Combustion reaction
Combustion reaction
Decomposition reaction
Types of chemical reactions
Lots of changes happen in chemical reactions.
We can recognize that a chemical reaction is happening because there is:
• Change in colour
• Gas is given off
• Heat is given out
• The substance gets cold
• Light is given off
• Smell is given off
• Certain solids are formed
(precipitate).
There can be many types of chemical reactions
6.5- DISPLACEMENT REACTION
•A displacement reaction happens when a more reactive element (metal)
displaces (pushes out) the less reactive element (metal).
Observe the video carefully and see what happens…
[Link]
Displacement reaction (single displacement)
Copper sulfate + Iron ⟶ Iron sulfate + copper
CuSO4(aq) + Fe(s) ⟶ FeSO4(aq)+Cu(s)
If copper nail is put in the solution of
Iron sulfate, would it be able to
displace Iron?
Observe the video carefully and see what happens…
[Link]
Double displacement reaction
Example:
BaCl2+Na2SO4→BaSO4+2NaCl
When does displacement reaction occur?
Displacement of Copper sulfate with Zinc.
Single displacement of Copper sulfate from Zinc.
Zinc+ Copper sulfate 🡪 Zinc sulfate + Copper
•Zinc being more reactive as compared to Copper displaces or replaces it from
the solution of Copper sulfate, to form Zinc sulfate and Copper metal is
deposited on the Zinc plate.
Using Displacement reaction
• Thermite reaction
• Displacement using carbon for extraction of
metals from their ores.
Thermit Reaction
•Different metals show different reactivity.
•A reaction that is being used to weld (join) the railway rails using a
displacement reaction.
THERMITE REACTION
[Link]
• Aluminium is more reactive metal than iron.
• Aluminium will displace (push out) iron from solid iron oxide if it is heated.
• Reaction of Aluminium with iron oxide is used by railway companies to join
(weld) railway tracks together.
• The reaction is exothermic as lot of heat is given out in this process.
• Iron is obtained in the molten state due to high temperature.
• The molten iron produced in the reaction is used to shape and join rails.
• This reaction is called THERMITE REACTION.
THERMITE REACTION
THERMITE REACTION
•In order for the reaction to take
place, the iron oxide and
Aluminium mixture has to
ignited.
•This done using a Exothermic
reaction like Magnesium
powder and Barium nitrate.
•This provides the energy to start
the displacement reaction
between the Aluminium and iron
oxide.
THERMITE REACTION
[Link]
Modern Welding of rails
Complete the following word equations
Magnesium + steam 🡪 _______________ + _____________
Potassium + water 🡪 _______________ + _____________
Hydrochloric acid+ _____________🡪 _______________ + water
Zinc+ Sulfuric acid 🡪 _______________ + _____________
Zinc+ coppersulfate 🡪 _______________ + _____________
Displacement using carbon for extraction of metal
• Carbon, though is a non-metal can be used to displace some metals from
their compounds.
• It can displace Zinc, Iron, Tin and Lead from their ores.
• An ore is a rock that contains a metal compound.
•Iron ore heated with charcoal (a form of carbon) at very high
Temperatures produced molten Iron.
• This displacement can be carried on a large scale in a blast furnace.
•Iron is extracted from iron ore in a huge container called a blast furnace.
•Iron ores such as haematite contain iron(III) oxide, Fe 2O 3.
•The oxygen must be removed from the iron(III) oxide in order to leave the iron behind.
• Reactions in which oxygen is removed are called reduction reactions.
• A blast furnace is a special type of furnace.
• They are used to make iron from its ore. Blast furnaces are very large.
•They can be up to 60 metres (200 ft) tall and 15 metres (49 ft) in diameter.
• The blast furnace is the biggest chemical reactor.
•Blast furnaces are also called high ovens.
• A blast furnace is usually built with a steel case and bricks made of magnesia inside the
case. Magnesia is very resistant to heat. It does not melt.
•The furnace is cooled with water running inside part of the case and bricks.
Blast Furnace
Displacement using carbon for extraction of metal
•Carbon is more reactive than iron, so it can displace iron from iron(III) oxide.
• The Iron ore (Fe2O3 ) reacts with carbon to form Iron and carbon-dioxide.
Iron(III) oxide + carbon → iron + carbon dioxide
2Fe2O3(s) + 3C(s) → 4Fe(l) + 3CO2(g)
•In this reaction, the iron(III) oxide is reduced to iron, and the carbon
is oxidised to carbon dioxide.
THANK Y
OU FOR B
EING SUC
H GOOD ST
UDENTS