GENERAL CONCEPTS AND HISTORICAL

EVENTS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ● Technology as a form of human cultural activity

- a distinctive form or kind of human cultural activity,
SOCIETY
just as the terms art, law, medicine, sport and
religion.
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS THAT DEFINED
SOCIETY
● Technology as a total societal enterprise
- Societal enterprise of technology is the complex of
Science
knowledge, people skills, organizations, facilities,
- systematic, organized, knowledge and systematic
technics, physical resources, methods and
nature that sets science apart from other types of
technologies that are taken together and in
understanding
relationship to one another are devoted to the
- simply concerned with evidence and with theory.
research, development, production and operation
of technics.
FOUR MEANINGS OF SCIENCE
● Science as an idea
Society
- ideas, theories and all available systematic
- group of individuals involved in persistent social
explanations and observations about the natural
interaction
and physical world.

Scientific Revolution
● Science as an intellectual activity
- period of enlightenment when the developments in
- encompasses or includes systematic and practical
the fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy,
study of the natural and physical world. This
biology and chemistry transformed views of society
process of study involves systematic observation
about nature.
and experimentation.

Scientific Revolution Influences

● Science as a body of knowledge
1. Science ideas
- can be a subject or a discipline, field of study or
2. Society
body of knowledge which deals with the process of
3. Human
learning about the natural and physical world.

Variables that influence the Development of Science ideas,

● Science as a personal and social activity
Science discoveries and Technology
- Science is both knowledge and activities done by
1. Creativity
human beings to develop better understanding of
2. Curiosity
the world around us.
3. Critical Thinking
4. Passion to know
Technology
5. Passion to discover
- an applied science in which scientists produce or
generate knowledge and technologists turn it into
important products and devices such as
GROWTH OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
computers, aircraft, carriers, spacecraft and other
Ancient People Concerned With:
machines.
- Transportation and Navigation
- body or reservoir of skills and knowledge by which
- Communication and Record-keeping
we control and modify its systems, processes and
- Mass Production
developments in the world.
- Security and Protection
- Health
FOUR MEANINGS OF TECHNOLOGY
- Aesthetics
● Technology as technics
- Architecture
- technology will sometimes be used to mean and
refer to material products of human making or
ANCIENT TIMES
fabrication.
★ Sumerian civilization
○ Cuneiform
● Technology as a technology
○ Uruk City
- complex of knowledge, methods, materials and
○ The Great Ziggurat of Ur
technics used in making a certain kind of technic at
○ irrigation and dikes
a certain point of time.
 ○ Sailboats ○ pyramid of Chichén Itzá in Mexico
○ Wheel ○ calendar systems
○ plow ○ hydraulic system
○ Looms
★ Babylonian civilization ○ Mica – rainbow of glittery paints made from
○ sexagesimal system of counting in units mineral
○ interval of 60 ○ rubber products
○ earthen dikes ○ Mayan hieroglyphics
○ Hammurabi ○ developed concept of zero and positional value
■ Code of Hammurabi
○ Nebuchadnezzar II ★ Inca civilization
■ hanging gardens of Babylon ○ Roads paved with stones
○ Stone buildings
★ Egyptian civilization ○ Irrigation system
○ Paper of Papyrus ○ Calendar with 12 months
○ Ink ○ First suspension bridge
○ Hieroglyphics ○ Quipu - system of knotted ropes to keep records
○ Cosmetics that only experts can interpret
○ Wig ○ Inca textiles
○ water clock or Clepsydra
★ Aztec civilization
★ Greek civilization ○ Mandatory education
○ Alarm clock ○ Chocolates
○ Water mill ○ Antispasmodic medication
○ Claudius Ptolemy - geocentric ○ Chinampa
○ Archimedes - buoyancy ○ Aztec calendar
○ Aristotle – plants and animal classification ○ Invention of Canoe
○ Socrates – Western philosophy
○ Thales – father of Western Philosophy MIDDLE AGES - ASIA
★ Indus-Hindu civilization (India)
★ Roman civilization ○ manufacturing iron and metallurgical works (iron
○ Newspaper steel)
○ Bound books or Codex ○ Medicine
○ portraiture and architectural engineering ○ Ayurveda – system of traditional medicine
○ Sanitation ○ Susruta Samhita – ancient texts that describes
○ Passion different surgical and other medical procedures
○ Transportation ○ Astronomy
○ Roman numerals ○ Aryabhatiya – book of number of trigonometric
functions, tables, and techniques as well as
★ Chinese civilization algorithms of algebra
○ Silk ○ letters and numbers
○ Tea production ○ mathematical concepts
○ Great Wall of China ○ Pharmacopoeia
○ Gunpowder
★ Chinese civilization (China)
★ Persian civilization ○ System of fighting
○ Standard weight and measures ○ Art of war
○ Coins of gold and silver ○ Black powder
○ Herbal or medical plants
★ Cretan or Minoan civilization ○ Noodles or Chinese pasta
○ Ship building ○ Paper currency
○ Iron plough
MIDDLE AGES - MESOAMERICA ○ Wheelbarrow
★ Maya civilization ○ Propeller
○ Astronomy ○ Compass
 ○ Papermaking
○ Printing tools (wood block) ★ James Watt (1765)
○ steam engine
★ Arabic civilization (Middle East countries)
○ Religion (Islam) ★ Andre Ampere (1775-1836)
○ Mathematical system ○ explained magnetic effects
○ Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine ○ father of electrodynamics

MIDDLE AGES - AFRICA ★ Hans Oersted (1777-1851)

★ African civilization ○ electric motor
○ Astronomy
○ Three types of calendars: lunar, solar, and stellar ★ Michael Faraday (1791-1867)
or combination of the three ○ electric motor
○ Metallurgy ○ electromagnetism and electroinduction
○ Lebombo bone – tool for multiplication, division, ○ first public power stations (1847-1922)
and simple mathematical calculation or a six
month lunar calendar, oldest known mathematical ★ Samuel F.B. Morse (1791-1872)
artifact dated from 35,000 BCE ○ first practical telegraph
○ Morse code
RENAISSANCE TO 17TH CENTURY
Renaissance to 17th Century ★ Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
- Rebirth age as of preparation for the 17th century ○ Method of Psychoanalysis
scientific development and achievements
★ Charles Robert Darwin (1859)
★ Johann Gutenberg (1440-1454) ○ Theory of evolution
○ Printing press
★ Joseph Henry (1797-1878)
★ Zacharias Janssen (1595) ○ power electromagnets for lifting heavy loads
○ Microscope
★ British engineers (1825)
★ Johann Lippershey or Hans Lipperhey (1608) ○ first passenger railway system or transport
○ Refracting telescope or Astronomical telescope
★ John Beer (1831)
★ Galileo Galilei (1609) ○ industrial research laboratory
○ Introduce telescope
★ Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931)
★ Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) ○ electric bulb
○ motorcar ○ storage battery
○ first helicopter ○ Phonography
○ Submarine ○ equipment for motion pictures
○ machine gun
★ Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894)
★ Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) ○ electromagnetic waves
○ Heliocentric theory
★ Rene Laennec (1816)
★ Andreas Versalius (1514-1564) ○ invented stethoscope
○ accurate anatomical drawings of human body on
the book entitled “On the fabric of human body” ★ Hermann von Helmholtz (1851)
○ invented ophthalmoscope
★ Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
○ lightning rod ★ Samuel Kier (1853)
○ Kerosene (petroleum refinery)
★ Alessandro Volta (1745-1827)
○ Volts ★ Louis Pasteur (1863)
○ electric battery ○ Pasteurization
★ Alexander Graham Bell (1876–1877)
○ telephone

★ Blaise Pascal (1642)

○ Mechanical calculator

★ Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937)

○ wireless telegraph

★ Joseph Black (1874-1937)

○ latent heat

★ Wilhelm Roentgen (1895)

★ discovered X-Ray

★ Karl Landsteiner (1900)

○ discovered blood typing

★ Willem Einthoven (1906)

○ invented EC

19TH CENTURY
★ Nathan Rosenberg and L.E. Birdzell Jr. (1918)
○ 139 research laboratories

★ 1929
○ Bell Telephone Laboratories

20TH CENTURY
★ Robert Langer (2004)
○ invented SonoPrep

PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS
★ Victor Llave (2015)
○ Salamander Amphibious Tricycle

★ Aisa and Raphael Mijeno (2012)

○ SALt lamp

★ Dr. Fe Del Mundo (1880)

○ Medical incubator

★ Leonardo Salvador Sarao Sr. (2008)

○ EJeepney