BDwbU

DgvBqv wLjvdZ 7
f‚wgKv
Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi Aemv‡bi ci 611 wLª÷v‡ã DgvBqv es‡ki kvmb ïi“ nq| DgvBqv es‡ki kvmb cÖwZôv
K‡ib gyqvweqv (iv)| wmwiqvi `v‡gkK wQj Zuvi ivRavbx| DgvBqv Lwjdv‡`i kvmb 750 wLª÷vã ch©š— ¯’vqx
wQj| DgvBqv es‡ki †gvU 14 Rb Lwjdv ivRZ¡ K‡ib|
DgvBqv esk KzivBk †Mv‡Îi GKwU kvLv| nhiZ gynv¤§` (m)-Gi cÂg EaŸ©Zb cyi“l wQ‡jb| Ave‡` gvbvdv
Ave‡` gvbv‡di 6 cy‡Îi g‡a¨ nv‡kg, gyËvwje I Ave`yk kvgm wQ‡jb m‡nv`i fvB| nhiZ gynv¤§` (m)
wQ‡jb nv‡k‡gi eskai| Ave`yk kvg‡mi GK cy‡Îi bvg DgvBqv| Zuvi mš—vbivB DgvBqv ev ebx DgvBqv e‡j
cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i|
nv‡kg Zuvi e`vb¨Zv, Ávb eyw× I weP¶YZvi Rb¨ KzivBk‡`i †bZv wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| wKš—z Zuvi fvwZRv
DgvBqv Zuvi †bZ…Z¡ †g‡b †bqwb| d‡j Rv‡njx hyM n‡ZB Zv‡`i g‡a¨ we‡Ø‡li m„wó nq Ges Ø›`¡ P‡j| nhiZ
gynv¤§` beyIqvZ cÖvß n‡j DgvBqv esk †ilv‡iwli Kvi‡Y Zv mn‡R †g‡b †bqwb| DgvBqv †bZv Avey mywdqvb
nv‡kgx es‡ki gh©v`v †e‡o hv‡e †f‡e bexi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib| nhiZ gynv¤§` Zv‡`i g‡a¨ H‡K¨i eÜb M‡o
Zyj‡Z m¶g nb| cieZx© ch©v‡q DgvBqv es‡kv™¢yZ nhiZ Dmgvb (iv)-Gi kvnv`v‡Zi ci nv‡kgx es‡kv™¢yZ
Lwjdv Avjxi (iv) mg‡q c~‡e©i eskMZ N„Yv RvMÖZ nq| ZviB †Ri a‡i nhiZ Avjx (iv)-Gi wLjvd‡Zi
cwimgvwßi ci 41 wnRwi‡Z DgvBqv kvm‡bi wfwË iPbv K‡i| cieZx© mg‡q 132 wnRwi‡Z (750 wLªt) GKB
†ilv‡iwli †Ri a‡i nv‡kgx es‡kv™¢yZ AveŸvmxq kvmb cÖwZôv jvf K‡i|
Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi Avgj wQj Bmjv‡gi †mvbvjx hyM| G mgq KziAvb I mybœvn Abymv‡i c~Y© Bmjvwg
MYZvwš¿K c×wZ‡Z miKvi cwiPvwjZ nZ| G hy‡Mi ci miKvix ¶gZv DgvBqv‡`i nv‡Z P‡j Av‡m| gyqvweqv
wQ‡jb Gi cÖwZôvZv I cÖ_g ¶gZvmxb e¨w³| G mgq †_‡K wLjvdZ e¨e¯’v aŸsm n‡q hvq Ges Bmjvwg
MYZ‡š¿i cwie‡Z© Bmjvwg ivRZš¿ ïi“ nq| ivR‰bwZK D‡Ïk¨ I j‡¶¨i mvg‡b agx©q bxwZgvjv I wewa
weavb‡K †MŠY I c‡iv¶ gh©v`v †`qv nq| G gZev` Pvjy Kivi †Póv Kiv nq miKv‡ii cÖwZ RbMY AvbyMZ¨
cÖKv‡k eva¨|
DgvBqv‡`i ¶gZv MÖn‡Yi ci †_‡K kvmbbxwZ I iv‡óªi Av`‡k©i g‡a¨ †ek wKQy †gŠwjK cwieZ©b mvwaZ nq|
Zv nj t
* Bmjvwg MYZš¿ I cÖRvZ‡š¿i cwie‡Z© eskvbyµwgK ivRZ‡š¿i cÖeZ©b nq|
* evqZzj gvj RbM‡Yi cvwievwiK m¤úwˇZ cwiYZ nq|
* gRwj‡m k~ivi we‡jvc N‡U| LwjdvB me©gq ¶gZvi AwaKvix nq| RbMY miKv‡ii mgv‡jvPbv Kivi
AwaKvi nvivq| GKbvqKZš¿ ev ˆ¯^ivPv‡ii cÖwZôv nq| wbe©vP‡bi cwie‡Z© g‡bvqb Øviv Lwjdv wba©viY
Kiv nq|
* †MvÎxq `jv`wj, Kjn I eskMZ wnsmv-we‡Ø‡li cybi“Ìvb N‡U|
* wLjvdZ wQj agx©q ivR‰bwZK cÖwZôvb wKš—z GLb †_‡K Zv †Kej ivR‰bwZK ¶gZvi †K›`ªf‚wg‡Z
cwiYZ nq| Lwjdvi agx©q gh©v`v †jvc cvq|
* Lwjdv‡`i Avo¤^ic~Y© Rxeb hvcb ïi“ nq|
* cÖkvmwbK †K›`ªiƒ‡c g`xbvi ¸i“Z¡ †jvc cvq| `v‡g‡¯‹i ¸i“Z¡ †e‡o hvq|
* Avie-Abviwe RvwZMZ I eY©MZ ˆelg¨ gv_v Pvov w`‡q DVvi my‡hvM cvq|
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

DgvBqv‡`i ivRZvwš¿K kvm‡bi cÖwZôvZv nqiZ gyqvweqv (iv) Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`vi m`m¨ wQ‡jb bv| Z‡e wZwb
†gvUvgywU `yÔeQi ch©š— ivm~‡ji (m) mnPh© jv‡fi my‡hvM †c‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb ivm~‡ji mvnvex wQ‡jb| ZvB Zuvi
kvmbvg‡j Bmjv‡gi Av‡eM-Abyf‚wZ G‡Kev‡i Kg wQj bv| cieZx© gymwjg ivRv ev`kvn‡`i †P‡q A‡bK¸‡Y
DËg wQ‡jb wZwb|
gyqvweqv es‡ki kvmb Z…Zxq cÖR‡b¥i Aemvb NU‡j gviIqv‡bi es‡ki kvmb Kv‡qg nq| DgvBqv‡`i g‡a¨
Dgi Be‡b Ave`~j Avhxh cybivq wLjvd‡Z iv‡k`vi ixwZbxwZ Abymi‡Yi †Póv K‡ib|
DgvBqv wLjvdZ 132 wnRwi A_©vr 750 wLª÷vã ch©š— 89 eQi cwiPvjbv K‡ib|

DgvBqv LwjdvM‡Yi esk cwiPq t [ 661-750 wLª÷vã ]

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-192

 Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm cÖ_g cÎ

wPÎ-19 t Avie mvgªvR¨ (622-750 wLª÷vã)

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-193

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

14 Rb DgvBqv kvmK‡`i ZvwjKv I ivRZ¡Kvj

µg. kvmK‡`i bvg Rb¥ ¶gZv ivRZ¡Kvj
bs jvf ermi gvm w`b
1 gyqvweqv Be‡b Avey mywdqvb 41 wnt 19 3 27
2 Bqvhx` Be‡b gyqvweqv 26 wnt 60 wnt 3 6 14
3. gyqvweqv Be‡b Bqvhx` 43 wnt 64 wnt -- 1 10
4. gviIqvb Be‡b nvKvg 8 wnt 64 wnt -- 9 18
5. Avãyj gv‡jK Be‡b gviIqvb 26 wnt 65 wnt 21 1 15
6. Iqvjx` Be‡b Avt gv‡jK 50 wnt 86 wnt 9 8 0
7. †mvjvqgvb Be‡b Avt gv‡jK 54 wnt 96 wnt 2 8 0
8. Igi Be‡b Avãyj AvRxR 61 wnt 99 wnt 2 5 14
Be‡b gviIqvb
9. Bqvhx` (2) Be‡b gv‡jK 65 wnt 101 wnt 4 1 0
10. wnkvg Be‡b Avt gv‡jK 72 wnt 105 wnt 20 0 0
11. Iqvjx` (2) Be‡b Bqvhx` -- 125 wnt 1 2 22
Be‡b Avt gv‡jK
12. Bqvhx` (3) Be‡b Iqvjx` 80 wnt 126 -- 6 12
Be‡b Avt gv‡jK
13. Beªvnxg Be‡b Iqvjx` Be‡b -- 126 -- 4 0
Avãyj gv‡jK
14. gviIqvb Be‡b gynv¤§` Be‡b 70 wnt 127 wnt 5 10 0
gvIqvb
132 wnt

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-194

 Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm cÖ_g cÎ

cvV 1 gyqvweqv (iv) (661-680 wLª.)-Gi cÖv_wgK Rxeb I DgvBqv wLjvdZ cÖwZôv
D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-


gyqvweqv (iv)-†K wQ‡jb? Zuvi cwiPq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
gyqvweqvi (iv) cÖv_wgK Rxeb m¤^‡Ü weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb
 wKfv‡e wZwb ¶gZv‡ivnb K‡ib Zvi eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb
 DgvBqv wLjvd‡Zi cÖwZôvZv wn‡m‡e Zvi f‚wgKv wbiƒcY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cwiPq
nhiZ gyqvweqv wQ‡jb DgvBqv es‡ki †bZv Avey mywdqv‡bi cyÎ| KzivBk es‡ki Ab¨Zg kvLv DgvBqv †Mv‡Î
gyqvweqvi Rb¥ nq 606 wLª÷v‡ã| Zuvi gvZv wQ‡jb Avey Rv‡n‡ji Kb¨v wn›`v| Zuvi wcZv-gvZv Df‡q wQ‡jb
cÖv_wgK hy‡M Bmjv‡gi †Nvi kΓ| 8g wnRwi (630 wLª.) g°v weR‡qi mgq Zuvi wcZv-gvZvmn wZwbI
Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib| wcZvi mv‡_ KzivBk‡`i c‡¶ gyqvweqv ivm~‡ji (m) wei“‡× e`i, Dû` I L›`‡Ki hy‡×
Ask MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi gv wn›`v Bmjv‡gi wec‡¶ †ewk Zrci wQ‡jb| BmjvgI MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb Zv‡`i
A‡bK c‡i| Dû‡`i hy‡× ivm~‡ji (m) PvPv exi‡kªô nhiZ nvghv (iv) knx` n‡j wn›`v Zuvi eyK wP‡i
KwjRv †ei K‡i wPwe‡q Pig ˆckvwPKZvi cwiPq w`‡qwQ‡jb| Aek¨ GRb¨ wZwb BmjvgMÖn‡Yi ci LyeB
AbyZß wQ‡jb| ivmyj (m) Zv‡K Zuvi mvg‡b bv Avmvi Rb¨ e‡jwQ‡jb|

Bmjvg MÖnY
gyqvweqv Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib g°v weR‡qi c‡i| ZLb Zuvi eqm n‡qwQj 24 eQi| Zvici ivm~‡ji (m)
BbwZKvj ch©š— Zuvi mv‡_B wQ‡jb| ûbvBb hy‡× I Zv‡qd Ae‡iv‡a wZwb ivm~‡ji m‡½ wQ‡jb|

Anx †jLK
Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi ci †_‡K gyqvweqv wb‡R‡K Bmjv‡gi †mevq wb‡qvwRZ iv‡Lb| ivm~j (m) g°v †_‡K g`xbvq
P‡j G‡j wZwbI ivm~‡ji mv‡_ g`xbvq P‡j Av‡mb| nhiZ gynv¤§` (m) gyqvweqvi †evb D‡¤§ nvexev‡K we‡q
K‡ib| gyqvweqv m¤^‡Ü Zvi aviYv fvj wQj| ivm~jyj−vn (m) gyqvweqv‡K †ek Av`i Ki‡Zb| Avey mywdqv‡bi
Aby‡iv‡a ivm~j (m) gyqvweqv‡K (iv) Anx †jLK wn‡m‡e wbhy³ K‡ib| Anx †jLv QvovI wZwb `~i-`~ivš— †_‡K
AvMZ‡`i Af¨_©bv, _vKv-LvIqv Ges ZË¡veavq‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Zb| wZwb mg¯— KvR AZ¨š— †hvM¨Zvi
mv‡_ myôzfv‡e cvjb Ki‡Zb| evj¨Kvj †jv‡KB gyqvweqv, AZ¨š— ˆah©-mn¨, Ávb-eyw× I we‡ePbvi AwaKvix
wQ‡jb, mK‡jB Zuvi weP¶YZvq gy» wQj|

ivR‰bwZK Rxeb
Avey eKi (iv) gyqvweqvi eo fvB Bqvhx`‡K GK`j †mbvi `vwqZ¡ w`‡q wmwiqvq cvVvb| mv‡_ wZwbI wQ‡jb|
ZLb gyqvweqv wb‡RI ¯^Zš¿fv‡e KLbI KLbI †mbvevwnbx †`Lvïbv I Awfhvb cwiPvjbvq Ae`vb ivL‡Zb|
gyqvweqv wQ‡jb LyeB eyw×gvb weP¶Y I my‡KŠkjx| 13 wnRwi‡Z wZwb Bqvigy‡Ki hy‡×I AskMÖnY K‡ib|
nhiZ Dgi (iv) Zuvi Kg©ZrciZv I weP¶YZv we‡ePbv K‡i- Zuv‡K RW©v‡bi Mfb©i wbhy³ K‡ib| ZLb
†_‡KB Zuvi ivR‰bwZK Rxeb ïi“ nq| hLb nhiZ Avey Ievq`v I Zuvi eo fvB Bqvhx` gviv hvb, ZLb Dgi
(iv) Zvu‡K `v‡gk‡Ki Mfb©i wbhy³ K‡ib| RW©vb I Zvi Av‡k cv‡ki GjvKvI ZuviB wbqš¿‡Y wQj| nhiZ
Dg‡ii (iv) BbwZKv‡ji ci hLb nhiZ Dmgvb (iv) wLjvd‡Zi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib ZLb wmwiqv I Gi
Avkcv‡ki mg¯— A‡ji `vwqZ¡ gyqvweqvi Dci b¨¯— nq| Kg©Pvix wb‡qvM I eiLv¯— Kivi ¶gZvI Zuvi nv‡Z
wQj| me©‡¶‡Î wZwb eyw×gËv I weP¶YZvi cwiPq †`b| mg¯— wmwiqvq Bmjv‡gi kvwš— cZvKv DÇxb nq|
gyqvweqv Zuvi ewjô †bZ…Z¡ Øviv †ivgvb I cviwmK‡`i AvMÖvmb B”Qv wPiZ‡i eÜ K‡i †`b|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-195

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

wLjvdZ jvf
wmwiqvi kvmbKZ©v _vKvKv‡j gyqvweqv (iv) evBRvbUvBb mvgªv‡R¨i Dci Bmjvwg kvmb cÖmvwiZ K‡ib| nhiZ
Dmgvb (iv)-Gi mgq wZwb GKwU †bŠ evwnbx MVb K‡i| `xcv‡j gymwjg cÖvavb¨ we¯—v‡ii †Póv K‡ib| nhiZ
Dmgvb (iv)-Gi kvnv`v‡Zi ci g`xbvq ˆbivR¨ we¯—vi jvf Ki‡Z _v‡K| Lwjdv-wbe©vPb wb‡q wek„´Lj
Ae¯’vi m„wó nq| Ae‡k‡l wmwiqv cÖ‡`k Qvov mgMÖ gymwjg RvnvbB nhiZ Avjxi (iv) cÖwZ mg_©b Rvbvq|
Z‡e wmwiqvi kvmbKZ©v gyqvweqv I Avjx (iv)-Gi g‡a¨ g‡bvgvwjb¨ †`Lv †`q| gyqvweqv wbnZ Lwjdv nhiZ
Dmgvb (iv)-Gi i³gvLv Rvgv Ges Zuvi ¯¿x bvqjvi KwZ©Z Av½yj †`wL‡q eby DgvBqv Ges wmwiqvevmx‡`i‡K
Avjx (iv)-Gi wei“‡× D‡ËwRZ Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| GiB g‡a¨ wLjvdZ jv‡fi †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM n‡Z _v‡K| nhiZ
Avjx (iv) hLb cÖv‡`wkK Mfb©i‡`i‡K eiLv¯— K‡i bZyb Mfb©i wbhy³ K‡ib ZLb wmwiqvi kvmbKZ©v gyqvweqv
Qvov mK‡jB G wm×vš— †g‡b †bb| gyqvweqvi (iv) `vwe wQj Av‡M nhiZ Dmgvb (iv) nZ¨vi wePvi †nvK,
Zvici wLjvd‡Zi cÖkœ| Ae‡k‡l gyqvweqv I Avjx (iv)-Gi g‡a¨ †ek wKQy hy× msNwVZ nq Ges A‡bK
cÖvYnvbxI N‡U| wmdwd‡bi hy‡×i ci `ygvi mvwjwk‡Z KzU‰bwZK weRq jvf K‡i gyqvweqv mgMÖ wmwiqv I
wgk‡ii Dci Zvi AwaKvi cÖwZôv Ki‡Z m¶g nb| nhiZ Avjx (iv)-Gi kvnv`v‡Zi ci wnRwi 41 mv‡j
Bgvg nvmvb (iv)-Gi wLjvdZ Z¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g gyqvweqv (iv) Bmjvwg `ywbqvi GK”QÎ kvmK n‡q e‡mb|

gyqvweqvi (iv)-Gi wLjvdZ jv‡fi c×wZ cÖkœwe× n‡jI Zuvi †hvM¨Zvi e¨vcv‡i K‡iv †Kvb wØgZ †bB| nhiZ
Dmgvb (iv)-Gi wLjvd‡Zi †klva© n‡ZB gymwjg mvgªv‡R¨ wek„sLjv ïi“ nq| gyqvweqv wek„sLjvi ga¨ w`‡qB
gymwjg Rvnv‡bi kvmbfvi nv‡Z †bb| wKš—z wZwb AZ¨š— weP¶YZvi gva¨‡g Gme †Mvj‡hv‡Mi †gvKv‡ejv
K‡ib| Zuvi 20 eQ‡ii kvmbvg‡j mvgªv‡R¨ †Kvb M„n-weev` Ges Avf¨š—ixY wek„´Ljv wQj bv ej‡jB P‡j|
kvmbKv‡h© †hLv‡b K‡Vvi nIqvi cÖ‡qvRb nZ †mLv‡b wZwb K‡VviZv cÖ`k©b K‡i‡Qb| †hLv‡b Z‡jvqvi †bIqv
cÖ‡qvRb nZ †mLv‡b Z‡jvqvi wb‡ZI KzÉv‡eva Ki‡Zb bv|

`v‡g‡¯‹ ivRavbx ¯’vcb

gyqvweqv kvmbKv‡h© wQ‡jb AZ¨š— AwfÁ| KzUbxwZwe`, ˆah©kxj I wbfx©K †hv×v wn‡m‡e DgvBqv‡`i †kªô
kvm‡Ki gh©v`vq f‚wlZ n‡q‡Qb| wb‡Ri kw³ I ¶gZv‡K mymsnZ Kivi Rb¨ Kzdv n‡Z ivRavbx `v‡g‡¯‹
¯’vbvš—wiZ K‡ib| `v‡g¯‹ wQj cÖv‡`wkK ivRavbx| GLv‡bB DgvBqvMY Zv‡`i kw³i cÖavb †K›`ª ¯’vcb
K‡iwQj| weP¶Y gyqvweqv (iv) wb‡Ri kw³‡K Av‡iv e„w× I mycÖwZwôZ Kivi j‡¶¨ Ges ivóªxq †Kvb
we‡`ªvnx‡`i we‡`ªvn `g‡bi myweav‡_© `v‡g¯‹‡K †K›`ªxq ivRavbx Kivi Dchy³ ¯’vb e‡j we‡ePbv K‡ib|
ivRZš¿ we‡klZ DgvBqv kvmb cÖwZôvi †¶‡Î gyqvweqvi GB ivRavbx cwieZ©b we‡kl ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb
K‡iwQj|

Avf¨š—ixY k„´Ljv I msnwZ ¯’vcb

LvwiRxMY Biv‡bi DgvBqv wLjvd‡Zi wei“‡× we‡`ªvnx n‡j wZwb Zv‡`i‡K K‡Vvifv‡e `gb K‡ib| LvwiRxiv
gi“f‚wg‡Z Avkªq wb‡Z eva¨ nq| Gfv‡e mvgªv‡R¨i wewfbœ ¯’v‡b †hgb emiv, AvnIqvR cÖf…wZ GjvKvq
wek„´Ljv †`Lv w`j wZwb K‡Vvi nv‡Z ZvI `gb K‡i k„´Ljv wdwi‡q Av‡bb|

gy`vixq I wngvixq‡`i we‡iva

wnRv‡Ri Awaevmx gv‡`i †cŠÎ gy`v‡ii bvg †_‡K gy`vixq †Mv‡Îi DrcwË| Avi wngvixq bvgwU DrmvwiZ
n‡q‡Q| KvnZvb eskxq Ave‡` kvg‡mi cyÎ wnbv‡ii bvg †_‡K| gy`vixq es‡ki kvLv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ KzivBk, eby
eKi, eby ZvMwje I eby Zvgxg cÖwm×| ivm~jyj−vn (m)-Gi wk¶vi d‡j G †Mvôxi Kjn `~ixf‚Z nq Ges
cieZx©Kv‡j nhiZ Ig‡ii Bwš—Kvj ch©š— Ae¯’v kvš— wQj| Zvici Avevi we‡iva bZyb K‡i †R‡M D‡V Ges
cÖej AvKvi aviY K‡i| gyqvweqvi Avg‡j we‡iva mshZ n‡jI Zvi g~‡jvrcvwUZ nqwb| gyqvweqv eskxq we‡iva
†KŠk‡j wbqš¿‡Y iv‡Lb| Gfv‡e gymwjg mgªv‡R¨ `xN© w`‡bi weivRgvb wek„´Ljv, AivRKZv I †Mvj‡hvM `~i
K‡i gyqvweqv Af¨š—ixY k„´Ljv HK¨ I kvwš— cÖwZôv Ki‡Z m¶g nb| Zvici wZwb ivR¨ we¯—vi I kvmb
KvVv‡gv ms¯‹v‡i gb †`b|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-196

 Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm cÖ_g cÎ

mvi-ms‡¶c
nhiZ gyqvweqv (iv) wQ‡jb DgvBqv es‡ki cÖwZôvZv Lwjdv| Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi MYZvwš¿K kvm‡bi Aemvb
NwU‡q wZwb cÖ_g eskwfwËK ivRZš¿ cÖwZôv K‡ib| Zuvi eyw×gËv I †KŠk‡ji Kv‡Q mevB nvi †g‡bwQj, wZwb
mvgªv‡R¨i cwiPvjbvq `¶Zvi cwiPq w`‡qwQ‡jb|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 7.1

k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki“b t
1. nhiZ gyqvweqv wQ‡jb DgvBqv es‡ki †bZv __________ cyÎ|
2. KzivBk es‡ki Ab¨Zg kvLv __________ †Mv‡Î gyqvweqvi Rb¥ nq __________ wLª÷v‡ã|
3. Zuvi gvZv wQ‡jb __________ Kb¨v __________ |
4. Zuvi wcZv-gvZv Df‡q wQ‡jb cÖv_wgK hy‡M Bmjv‡gi __________ __________ |
5. 8g wnRwi‡Z __________ weR‡qi mgq Zuvi wcZvgvZvmn wZwbI Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib|
6. nhiZ __________ (iv) Zvi Kg©ZrciZv I weP¶YZv we‡ePbv K‡i Zuv‡K Mfb©i wbhy³ K‡ib|
7. nhiZ Dmgv‡bi mg‡q wZwb __________ evwnbx MVb K‡ib|
8. nhiZ Avjx (iv) Gi kvnv`v‡Zi ci wnRwi m‡b Bgvg __________ (iv)-Gi wLjvdZ Z¨v‡Mi gva¨‡g
gyqvweqv Bmjvwg `ywbqvi GK”QÎ kvmK n‡q e‡mb|
9. nhiZ gyqvweqv (iv) wQ‡jb __________ es‡ki cÖwZôvZv Lwjdv|
10. Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi __________ kvm‡bi Aemvb NwU‡q wZwb cÖ_g __________ wfwËK ivRZš¿
cÖwZôv K‡ib|

msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ
1. nhiZ gyqvweqvi cwiPq I cÖv_wgK Rxeb m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`b|
2. gyqvweqvi ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡bi weeiY w`b|
3. gyqvweqvi wLjvdZ jv‡fi eY©bv w`b|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-197

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 2 nhiZ gyqvweqvi (iv) ivR¨ we¯—vi, Bqvhx‡`i g‡bvbqb

D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-


gyqvweqvi (iv) ivR¨ we¯—vi m¤^‡Ü weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb
gyqvweqvi †Kvb †Kvb AÂj Rq K‡ib Zvi eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
 Kb÷vw›U‡bv‡cvj Awfhvb m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb
 cyÎ Bqvhx‡`i g‡bvqb wel‡q weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

nhiZ gyqvweqv wmsnvm‡b AwawôZ n‡q Af¨š—ixY kvwš—, k„´Ljv I msnwZ cÖwZôv K‡ib| Zvici wZwb ivR¨
we¯—vi I cÖmv‡ii w`‡K g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb iY †KŠkjx - exi‡hv×v Ges `yi`kx© ivR‰bwZK
†bZv| ZvB wZwb DbœZ †mbvevwnbx I †bŠevwnbx MVb K‡ib| Zvi †mbvevwnbx cÖvP¨ I cÖZx‡P¨ Af‚Zc~e© mvdj¨
jvf K‡i| Aa¨vcK wnwÆ e‡jb- gyqvweqvi ivRZ¡Kv‡j gymwjg mvgªvR¨ ïay my`~i I mymsnZB nqwb, eis Gi
AvÂwjK mxgv‡iLvI e„w× cvq|

c~e©vÂj Rq
nhiZ gyqvweqv (iv) wRqv`‡K c~e©v‡ji †mbvcwZ K‡i †cÖiY K‡iwQ‡jb| 673 wLª÷v‡ã wRqv‡`i gyZz¨ n‡j
Zvi cyÎ Ievq`yj−vn cÖvP¨ ev c~e©‡`‡ki cÖwZwbwa nb| wZwbI wcZvi b¨vq †hvM¨ wQ‡jb| Gfv‡e gyqvweqv (iv)
AvdMvwb¯—vb I cvi‡m¨i AwaK…Z A‡j Awfqvb Pvwj‡q mxgv‡š—i DcRvwZ‡`i ek¨Zv ¯^xKv‡i eva¨ K‡ib|
662 wLª÷v‡ã nxivq we‡`ªvn †`Lv w`‡j K‡Vvi fve Zv `gb Kiv nq| Gi `y eQi c‡i MRbx, Kveyj, ejL,
Kv›`vnvi cÖf…wZ GjvKvq we‡`ªvn `gb Awfhvb Pvwj‡q DgvBqv cÖfzZ¡ cÖwZwôZ K‡ib| gynvj−v‡ei †bZ…‡Z¡ gymwjg
evwnbx wm›`y b‡`i Zxi ch©š— AMÖmi nq| 674 wLª÷v‡ã whqv‡`i GK cyÎ eyLviv `Lj K‡ib| Zvici
mgqK›` I wZewiR DgvBqv wLjvd‡Zi Aš—f©y³ nq| Gfv‡e c~e©w`‡K mgiK›` I eyLviv Ges `w¶Y wmÜzb`
ch©š— DgvBqv ivR‡Z¡i we¯—vi N‡U|

cwðgvÂj Rq
c~e©w`‡Ki gZ gyqvweqvi wLjvdZ cwðg w`‡KI cÖmvwiZ nq| DËi Avwd«Kv weR‡qi d‡j gymwjg mvgªv‡R¨
bZyb AÂj ms‡hvwRZ nq| gyqvweqv 1000 ˆmb¨mn IKev Be‡b bv‡d-Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ DËi Avwd«Kvq ˆmb¨ †cÖiY
K‡ib| IKev †kŠh©ex‡h©i civKvôv| †`wL‡q †ivgvb‡`i‡K civwRZ K‡i mg¯— DËi Avwd«Kv gymwjg mvgªv‡R¨i
Aš—f©y³ K‡ib| evewiMY Bmjvg ag© MÖnY K‡i Ges Kvq‡ivqvb bv‡g GKwU kni GKwU gmwR` cÖwZôv K‡ib|
Kvq‡ivqvb DËi Avwd«Kvi ivRavbx‡Z cwiYZ nq| Gi ci wZwb cwðgv‡ji w`‡K AMÖmi n‡q G‡Ki ci GK
kni e›`i Rq Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Gfv‡e mgMÖ cwðgvÂj Rq K‡i IKev AvUjvw›UK mvMi ch©š— †cŠ‡Qb|
IKevi †MŠiegq Awfhvb Ges †ivgvb I eve©vi‡`i †kvPbxq civR‡qi d‡j `xN© w`b hveZ G GjvKv kvš—
wQj| gyqvweqv IKev‡K DËi Avwd«Kvi kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ K‡ib| wKš—z wewRZ ivR¨¸wj mymsnZ Kivi c~‡e©
†ivgvb Ges evewi‡`i †hŠ_ Avµg‡Y IKev civwRZ I wbnZ nb| Zvui AvKw®§K g„Zz¨i Kvi‡Y gymjgvbMY
evK©vq P‡j Av‡m Ges DËi Avwd«Kvi gymwjg Awfhvb †_‡g hvq|

Kvb÷vw›U‡bvc‡ji wei“‡× †bŠ-Awfhvb

Lwjdv Dmgv‡bi Avg‡j gyqvweqv me©cÖ_g †bŠ-evwnbx MVb K‡i wmwmj I †ivWm `Lj K‡ib| evBRvbUvBb
mvgªv‡R¨i kw³kvjx †bŠ-en‡ii †gvKv‡ejv Kievi Rb¨ Zvu‡K †bŠ-evwnbx MVb Ki‡Z nq| Avie‡`i cÖ_g †bŠ-
†mbvcwZ Avãyj−vn-Be‡b Kv‡qm †ivgvb‡`i wei“‡× Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib| gyqvweqvI †bŠ-eni MVb K‡i
wmwiqvi DcK‚jfvM i¶v Kivi cÖqvm cvb| 662 wLª÷v‡ã gyqvweqv Av‡g©wbqvi †ivgvb‡`i chy©`¯— K‡i Av‡g©wbqv
`Lj K‡ib Ges AvKe bvgK ¯’v‡b GKwU †cvZvkªq ¯’vcb K‡ib| 669 wLª÷v‡ã gyqvweqv G †cvZvkªq n‡Z
evBRvbUvBb mvgªv‡R¨i ivRavbx Kb÷vw›U‡bvc‡j †bŠ-Awfhvb Pvjvb| G Awfhv‡b †bZ…Z¡ `vb K‡ib gyqvweqvi
cyÎ Bqvhx`| Zv Qvov Rvb©v`vn Be‡b Avex DgvBqv Avãyi ingvb Be‡b Lvwj` Be‡b Iqvjx` I Ab¨vb¨
†mbvcwZ‡`i Øviv cÖwZevi †ivgK‡`i wei“‡× †bŠ-evwnbx †cÖiY Kiv nZ| Gfv‡e K‡qK eQi G‡_‡K Zv‡`i
mv‡_ †bŠ hy× P‡j wKš—z D‡j−L‡hvM¨ †Kvb djvdj Av‡mwb|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-198

 Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm cÖ_g cÎ

Kb÷vw›U‡bvcj †mKv‡j c~e© BD‡iv‡ci cÖvY‡K›`ª wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nZ| gyqvweqv (iv) AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡
mnKv‡i †mLv‡b mywdqvb Be‡b AvD‡di †bZ…‡Z¡ GK wekvj evwnbx †cÖiY K‡ib| G Awfhv‡bi cÖwZ ivm~jyj−vn
(m)-Gi Bw½Z wQj, ZvB A‡bK eo eo mvnvex AwZ AvMÖ‡n G Awfhv‡b AskMÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| nhiZ Avey
AvBDe Avbmvix (iv), Ave`yj−vn Be‡b Igi (iv) I Ave`yj−vn Be‡b (iv) G Awfhv‡b AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f‚wgKv
cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb| nhiZ Avey AvBqye Avbmvix (iv) G Awfhvb Kv‡j Bwš—Kvj K‡ib|
Bqvhx‡`i g‡bvbqb
gyqvweqvi (iv) cyÎ Bqvhx` wQ‡jb GKRb Dk„´Lj hyeK| †Lj-Zvgvkv, ågY I wkKv‡iB Zvi mgq AwZevwnZ
nZ| Kzdvi kvmbKZ©v gyMxivn GB e‡j gyqvweqv‡K cÖ‡ivPbv w`‡jb †h Zvi Bwš—Kv‡ji ci Zvi cyÎ Bqvhx`B
Lwjdv nIqvi GKgvÎ Dchy³ e¨w³| Aek¨ gyqvweqv (iv) cÖ_g Zv †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ibwb| †Kbbv Bqvhx‡`i
PwiÎ Lwjdv nIqvi Dchy³ gyqvweqv (iv) KL‡bv g‡b K‡ibwb| wKš—z gyMxiv Iqv`v Ki‡jb †h, ÒAvwg
Kzdvevmx‡K cÖ¯—zZ Kie, whqv` Be‡b Avey mywdqvb emivevmx‡K Ges gviIqvb Be‡b wngvK g°vI
g`xbvevmx‡K Bqvhx‡`i wLjvd‡Zi AbyKz‡j ˆZwi Ki‡eb| Ab¨w`‡K wmwiqvi gymjgvbMY KL‡bv we‡ivwaZv
Ki‡e bv| Kv‡RB Bqvhx‡`i wLjvd‡Z †Kvb evav †bB, Ggwbfv‡e Kzdvi kvmbKZ©v gyMxivi cÖ‡ivPbvq wZwb
Bgvg nvmv‡bi m‡½ ¯^v¶wiZ Pyw³bvgvi Aegvbbv K‡i wbR I †MvÎxq ¯^v‡_© Bqvhx`‡K DËivwaKvix g‡bvbxZ
K‡ib| G e¨vcv‡i wZwb BivKx‡`i mg_©b jvf K‡ib| MYZ‡š¿i Av`k©‡K RjvÄjx w`‡q gyqvweqv eskvbyµwgK
ivRZš¿ cÖwZôv K‡i †M‡jb| g°vi ag©cÖvY gymjgvbMY Gi Zxeª we‡ivwaZv K‡ib| we‡kl K‡i Bgvg ûmvBb
(iv), Avãyj−vn Be‡b hyev‡qi, Avãyj−vn Be‡b Igi Ges Ave`yi ingvb Be‡b Avey eKi we‡ivax‡`i Ab¨Zg
wQ‡jb|
Zv‡`i we‡ivwaZvi KZ¸‡jv KviYI wQj| cÖ_gZ Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi wbe©vP‡b g‡bvbq‡bi †Kvb bwRi wQj
bv| wØZxqZ Lwjdv wbe©vPb g`xbvi †jvK‡`i GKwU we‡kl AwaKvi e‡j MY¨ nZ Ges Zv Zviv Z¨vM Ki‡Z
KL‡bv ivRx wQj bv| Z…ZxqZ gyqvweqv (iv) Zvi wbR cwiev‡ii g‡a¨B wLjvdZ mxgve× ivL‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb|
PZz_©Z Bqvhx` wQ‡jb Amr Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix| G mg¯— Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i we‡ivwaZvI hyw³hy³ wQj|

Lwjdv gyqvweqvi IdvZ

Lwjdv gyvweqv 23 eQi wmwiqv kvmb Ges 19 eQi mgMÖ Bmjvwg wek¦ kvmb Kivi ci 60 wnRwi 1 iRe,
A_©vr 7B GwcÖj, 680 wLª÷v‡ã g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| `v‡g‡¯‹i eveyj Rvweqv I eveym&mMxi Gi ga¨Lv‡b Zuv‡K
mgvwa¯’ Kiv nq|
mvi-ms‡¶c
nhiZ gyqvweqv (iv) wmsnvm‡b AwawôZ n‡q cÖ_‡g iv‡R¨i g‡a¨ kvwš—-k„sLjv wdwi‡q Av‡bb, Zvici ivR¨ we¯—
v‡i g‡bv‡hvM †`b| wZwb c~e©vÂj Z_v AvdMvwb¯—vb, MRbx, Kveyj, ejL, Kv›`vnvi, eyLviv, mgiK›` I wmÜz
ch©š— mvgv‡R¨i we¯—„wZ NUbv| Aci w`‡K cwðgv‡jI Zuvi mvgªvR¨ cÖmvwiZ nq| wZwb DËi Avwd«Kv Ri
K‡ib| wZwb evBRvbUvBb mvgªv‡R¨i †bŠen‡ii †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ kw³kvjx †bŠevwnbx MVb K‡ib| Zvici
wZwb wb‡Ri A‡hvM¨ cyÎ Bqvhx`‡K wLjvd‡Zi Rb¨ g‡bvbqb †`b Ges GRb¨ K‡VviZv Aej¤^b K‡ib| wZwb
60 wnRwi A_©vr 680 wLª÷v‡ã BbwZKvj K‡ib|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 7.2

GK K_vq DËi `vI t
1. nhiZ gyqvweqv Kv‡K c~e©v‡ji †mbvcwZ K‡i cvwV‡qwQ‡jb?
2. c~e©v‡ji †Kvb †Kvb GjvKv Zuvi mvgªvR¨hy³ nq?
3. cwðgv‡ji †mbvcwZ †K wQ‡jb?
4. Bqvhx` †Kgb Pwi‡Îi †jvK wQj?
5. Bqvhx`‡K †Kb wmsnvm‡bi Rb¨ g‡bvbqb `vb Kiv nq?
6. gyqvweqv KZ eQi ivRZ¡ K‡i †Kvb m‡b BbwZKvj K‡ib?
msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ
1. nhiZ gyqvweqvi c~e©vÂj weR‡qi Kvwnbx ejyb|
2. gqvweqvi cwðgvÂj Awfhv‡bi weeiY w`b|
3. gyqvweqvi †bŠ-Awfhv‡bi m¤^‡Ü eY©bv w`b|
4. Bqvwh` †Kgb Pwi‡Îi wQ‡jb? Zuv‡K †Kb gyqvweqv wmsnvm‡bi Rb¨ g‡bvbxZ K‡i hvb?
BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-199
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 3 gyqvweqv (iv)-Gi kvmb e¨e¯’v

D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-


gyqvweqvi (iv) kvmb e¨e¯’v m¤^‡Ü eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb
Zuvi kvmb c×wZ †Kgb wQj eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb
 kvmbKv‡h©i myweav‡_© cÖkvmwbK wefvM m¤ú‡K© we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Lwjdv gyqvweqv GKRb my`¶ I cÖwZfvevb kvmK wQ‡jb| wZwb †Lvjvdv‡q iv‡k`y‡bi MYZvwš¿K I
RvZxqZvev`x bxwZ cwinvi K‡i cviwmK I evBRv›UvBb kvmb c×wZ Abymv‡i kvmbKvVv‡gv M‡o †Zv‡jb|
wb‡æ Zuvi kvmb e¨e¯’v Av‡jvbv Kiv n‡jv|

†iwR÷ªx wefvM
nhiZ gyqvweqv (iv) wmsnvm‡b AwawôZ n‡q kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbvq GK weivU cwieZ©b Av‡bb, Lwjdv Ges
cÖv‡`wkK kvmbKZ©v‡`i g‡a¨ wjwLZ ms‡hvM ¯’vc‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wZwb Ôw`Iqvb-Dj-Lv‡Zg, (ev †gvniv¼b wefvM)
bvgK GKwU ivRKxq P¨vÝvix cwil` ev †i‡R÷ªx wefvM ¯’vcb K‡ib| Lwjdv KZ©„K †NvwlZ cÖwZwU weavb
†i‡R÷ªxKiY Kiv nZ, AZtci Avmj Av‡`kwU Lwjdv †gvnivw¼Z K‡i Mš—e¨¯’‡j †cÖiY Ki‡Zb|
WvK wefvM
gyqvweqv (iv) Ôw`Iqvbyj evix`' ev WvK wefv‡Mi ¯’vcb K‡ib| Ômvwneyj evix`' ev †cv÷ gv÷vi †K›`ªxq
miKvi‡K A_©vr Lwjdv‡K cÖ‡`‡ki D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Leiv-Lei m¤^‡Ü AeMZ Kiv‡Zb| Gfv‡e gyqvweqv (iv)
cÖv‡`wkK kvmb e¨vcv‡i †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii ¶gZv I cÖfve A¶zYœ ivL‡Zb|

†K›`ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK mwPevjq

gyqvweqv KZ©„K cÖewZ©Z †K›`ªxq kvm‡bi d‡j cÖv‡`wkK Ges †K›`ªxq ivRavbxmg~‡n mwPevjq (Secretariate)
¯’vwcZ nq| Zvui kvmbKv‡j `y'wU mwPevjq eZ©gvb wQj| GKwU ivRKxq ev †K›`ªxq AciwU cÖv‡`wkK| †K›`ªxq
mwPevjq Aviwe fvlvi gva¨‡g kvmbKvh© wbe©vn Kiv nZ| A_©‰bwZK kvmb e¨vcv‡i cÖv‡`wkK mwPevjq wMÖK
Ges divwm (cvnjwe) fvlvi e¨envi KiZ| wMÖK fvlv e¨eüZ nZ wLjvd‡Zi cwðgw`K¯’ †`kmg~n h_v-
wgmi, wmwiqv c¨v‡j÷vB‡b Avi Aviwe fvlv cÖPwjZ wQj wLjvd‡Zi c~e©w`K¯’ †`kmg~‡n, h_v-BivK, (cvim¨)
I mgMÖ ga¨ Gwkqvq|

A_©‰bwZK bxwZ
A_© wefv‡Mi cÖwZ gyqvweqv (iv) Gi h‡_ó bRi wQj| A_© msMÖ‡ni mv‡_ mv‡_ wZwb Zv Avevi AKvZ‡i `vbI
Ki‡Zb| Zvui kΓ‡`i wei“‡× cÖwZcwËkvjx e¨w³M‡Yi mg_©b jv‡fi Rb¨ AKvZ‡i A_© e¨q Ki‡Z wØav‡eva
Ki‡Zb bv| ivR¯^ e¨vcv‡i wZwb D‡j−L‡hvM¨ DbœwZi m~ÎcvZ K‡ib| wZwb cÖkvmwbK wefvM n‡Z ivR¯^ wefvM
Avjv`v K‡i cÖv‡`wkK kvmbKZ©v‡`i n¯—‡¶c n‡Z G wefvM‡K gy³ iv‡Lb| ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi Rb¨ Ômvwneyj
LvivR' bv‡g D”Pc`¯’ ivR¯^ Kg©KZ©v wb‡qvM K‡ib| Lwjdv Dg‡ii bxwZ Abymv‡i †h evwl©K wbw`©ó cwigvY e„wË
gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨ weZiY Kiv nZ Zv †_‡K wZwb `wi`ª Ki (hvKvZ) †K‡U ivL‡Zb| G‡Z †gvU †`q A_© n‡Z
kZKiv AvovB fvM K‡g †hZ| Ggwbfv‡e wZwb ivR¯^ wefv‡M DbœwZ I mg„w× Avbqb K‡ib|

¶gZv c„_KxKiY
`~i`kx© kvmbKZ©v gyqvweqv (iv) ivR‰bwZK kvmb n‡Z A_©‰bwZK kvmb‡K c„_K K‡i †d‡jb| ivR‰bwZK
kvm‡bi wbwg‡Ë wZwb cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡`‡k GKRb K‡i kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ K‡ib| mvgwiK e¨vcvi Ges Rygvi bvgv‡R
BgvgwZ KivB wQj cÖv‡`wkK kvmbKZ©vi cÖavb `vwqZ¡| A‡_©i Rb¨ cÖv‡`wkK kvmbKZ©v‡K mvwneyj Lviv‡Ri
Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z nZ|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-200

 Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm cÖ_g cÎ

gymwjg †bŠ-evwnbx cÖwZôv

wmwiqvi kvmbKZ©viƒ‡c gyqvweqvi cÖ‡Póvq Lwjdv Dmgvb (iv)-Gi mgq gymwjg †bŠ evwnbx me©cÖ_g cÖwZwôZ
n‡qwQj| wLjvdZ jv‡fi ci gyqvweqv (iv) G‡K c„w_exi †kªô †bŠ-kw³‡Z cwiYZ K‡iwQ‡jb| gymwjg †bŠ-
evwnbx ZrKvjxb †ivg mvgªvR¨‡K fxZ Kw¤úZ K‡i Zz‡jwQj|

Giƒ‡c gyqvweqv (iv) gymwjg mvgªvR¨‡K Avw` †ivgvb kvm‡bi KvVv‡gvi Dci GKwU ¯’vqx mymsnZ ivóªiƒ‡c M‡o
Zz‡jwQ‡jb| wek„´Ljv I AivRKZvi wfZ‡i wZwb GKwU †MŠie `xß I myk„´Lj gymwjg mgvR I iv‡óªi cËb
K‡ib| myZivs GUv mZ¨ †h, gyqvweqv (iv)-Gi kvmbvg‡j gymwjg mvgªvR¨ †Kej my`„p I mymsnZ nqwb| Dciš—z
Zv Av‡iv m¤úªmvwiZ nq|

mvi-ms‡¶c
Lwjdv gyqvweqv (iv) GKRb cÖwZfvevb I my`¶ kvmK wQ‡jb| wZwb cÖkvmwbK ms¯‹vi mvab K‡i mgMÖ iv‡R¨i
g‡a¨ mykvmb cÖeZ©b K‡ib| wZwb cÖkvmwbK bxwZ cwieZ©b K‡ib Ges cÖkvm‡bi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© c‡` `¶ kvmbKZ©v
wb‡qvM K‡ib| Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi Avg‡ji mKj MYZvwš¿K I RvZxqZvev`x bxwZ eR©b K‡i †ivgvb I
cvi‡m¨i ivRZvwš¿K kvmb c×wZi cÖfv‡e cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv MVb K‡ib| gmwj‡m k~iv evwZj K‡i
GKbvqKZš¿ Pvjy K‡ib| wbe©vP‡bi cwie‡Z© g‡bvqb cÖ_vi gva¨‡g eskvbyµwgKfv‡e DËivwaKvix wba©viY
K‡ib| kvmbKv‡h©i myweavi Rb¨ mwPevjq, WvKwefvM, ivR¯^wefvM BZ¨vw` cÖwZôv K‡ib| Zvi mg‡q
kw³kvjx †bŠ-evwnbx MVb K‡ib|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 7.3

GK K_vq DËi w`b t
1. †`Iqvbyj Lv‡Zg wK?
2. †`Iqvbyj evix` I mvwneyj evix` gv‡b wK?
3. gyqvweqvi mwPevjq †Kgb wQj?
4. gyqvweqvi A_©‰bwZK bxwZ wK wQj?
5. me©cÖ_g KLb †K gymwjg †bŠ-evwnbx MVb K‡ib?

msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ
1. nhiZ gyqvweqvi kvLv wefv‡Mi eY©bv w`b|
2. gymwjg †bŠevwnbx MVb m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki“b|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-201

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 4 gyqvweqv (iv)-Gi PwiÎ I K…wZZ¡

D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-


gyqvweqvi (iv) PwiÎ we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
gyqvweqvi (iv) K…wZZ¡ g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
 kvmK I gvbyl wn‡m‡e gyqvweqv (iv) †Kgb wQ‡jb Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

gvbyl wn‡m‡e nhiZ gyqvweqv

gnvbex (m) ivR¨kvmb I ivóªbxwZi †h `k©b ev¯—evwqZ K‡i DËim~ix Lwjdv‡`i Rb¨ †i‡L hvb Zvi bvg
wLjvdZ| gnvbexi (m) wZ‡ivav‡bi gvÎ wZb `k‡Ki ci †mB wLjvdZ wfwËK kvmb e¨e¯’v aywjm¨vr K‡i Zvi
¯’‡j ivRZš¿ I ˆ¯^iZš¿ ev GKbvqKZ‡š¿i cÖwZôvZv wn‡m‡e nhiZ gyqvweqv (iv) Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m eûj
Av‡jvwPZ e¨w³Z¡| nhiZ Avjx (iv)-Gi mv‡_ bxwZMZ we‡iva I nZ¨vKvÊ, nhiZ Bgvg nvmvb (iv)-†K
wLjvd‡Zi b¨vh¨ AwaKvi n‡Z ewÂZ Kiv, wLjvdZ‡K ivRZ‡š¿ iƒcvš—i I g`xbv †_‡K `v‡g‡¯‹ ivRavbx
¯’vbvš—i BZ¨vKvi Kvh©vejxi K_v ev` w`‡j mvgªvR¨‡K mymsnZ I my`„p Kivi †¶‡Î wZwb †h mvsMVwbK f‚wgKv
I weP¶YZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb Zv mwZ¨B cÖksmbxq| Acwimxg Kg©KzkjZv I Kg©`¶Zvi Øviv GKwU
BwZnv‡mi mgvwß †U‡b bZzb BwZnv‡mi Rb¥`vZv wn‡m‡e Zvi e¨w³Z¡ Abb¨ mvaviY| gvbyl I kvmK wn‡m‡e
Zuvi K…wZZ¡ Amvgvb¨|

AvKl©Yxq e¨w³Z¡ t nhiZ gyqvweqv (iv) wQ‡jb AvKl©Yxq e¨w³‡Z¡i aviK| cÖej cÖwZK‚jZvi g‡a¨ wZwb
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Avcb åvZv wn‡m‡e cÖKv‡k¨ MÖnY Ki‡ZI wZwb GZUzKz wØav K‡ibwb|

Pig D”Pvwfjvlx t wZwb wQ‡jb Pig D”Pvwfjvlx| gymwjg mvgªv‡R¨i GK”QÎ kvmK nIqvi D”Pvwfjv‡l wZwb
myPZzi cwiKíbvq GwM‡q hvb| wZwb nhiZ Avjxi (iv) mv‡_ we‡iva euvwa‡q iv‡Lb| wmddx‡bi hy‡× civwRZ
n‡qI K‚U‡KŠk‡j Ô`ygvZzj R›`j'-Gi wggvsmvi Qjbv K‡ib| nhiZ Avjx (iv) Zuvi `yiwfmwÜi wkKvi n‡q
¶gZvPy¨Z nb Ges mv‡_ mv‡_ Aemvb N‡U wLjvd‡Zi| gyqvweqv (iv) ¶gZvq AwawôZ nb Avi gymwjgiv
wPiZ‡i nvivq Zuv‡`i bexi (m) cÖ`wk©Z wLjvdZ e¨e¯’v|

`¶Zv I K‚UKzkjZv t nhiZ gyqvweqv (iv) D”PvKv•¶vi ekeZx© n‡q A‡bK wKQyB K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi `¶Zv,
K‚U‡KŠkj, `~i`wk©Zv Ges Aweivg mvabv e‡j G‡Kev‡i wb毗i †_‡K mdjZvi wmuwo †e‡q ¶gZvi D”Pvm‡b
AwawôZ nb| wZwb ¶gZv‡K k³ nv‡Z i¶v K‡ib| wec¶‡K Kvey Kivi Rb¨ Ges cwiw¯’wZ †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z
wZwb wQ‡jb AZ¨š— wm×n¯—|

†kªô msMVK t nhiZ gyqvweqv (iv) wQ‡jb axi-w¯’i gw¯—®‹ Ges AZ¨š— mveavbx| ˆelwqK ¯^v_© D×v‡ii Rb¨
wZwb †KŠk‡ji mv‡_ cwiKíbv gvwdK GwM‡q †h‡Zb, ¯^v‡_©i LvwZ‡i †hLv‡b †hgb e¨envi Zv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Zb|
KL‡bv bgª e¨envi w`‡q, †Kv_vI A_© w`‡q, †Kv_vI kw³ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g ¶gZv‡K cvKv‡cv³ Kivq wZwb
mdjZv jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| G kw³ e‡jB wZwb †kªô msMVK wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ AR©b K‡i‡Qb|

agx©q mwnòzZv I D`viZv t nhiZ gyqvweqv (iv) gymwjg-Agymwjg mKj gvby‡li cÖwZ D`viZv I mwnòzZv
cÖ`k©b Ki‡Zb| RvwZ-ag© wbwe©‡k‡l wZwb mKj‡K mgvb †Pv‡L †`L‡Zb| Zuvi mykvm‡b cÖRviv myL-kvwš—‡Z
emevm Ki‡Zb|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-202

 Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm cÖ_g cÎ

¸Yx‡`i K`i I c„ô‡cvlKZv t ag©-eY© wbw©e©‡k‡l wZwb ¸YxRb‡`i K`i I m¤§vb Ki‡Zb| wZwb `¶Zvi
Kvi‡Y eû Agymwjg‡KI ivRKv‡h© wb‡qvM K‡i‡Qb| GKRb wLª÷vb Zuvi cÖavb Dc‡`óv‡`i Aš—fy©³ wQ‡jb|
wLª÷vb wPwKrmK ÔBe‡b Avmj'-Gi Øviv wPwKrmv kv‡¯¿i K‡qKwU cy¯—K Aviwe‡Z Abyev` Kivb| ÔAvj-
AvLZvj' bvgK wLª÷vb Kwe Zuvi mfvKwe wQ‡jb|

e¨w³ gyqvweqv t gyqvweqv (iv) D¾¡j †MŠieY©, `xN©vK…wZ Ges ¯’yjKvq wQ‡jb| kvmK wn‡m‡e K‚U‡KŠkjx n‡jI
e¨w³ gyqvweqv wQ‡jb AZ¨š— ms¯‹…wZevb Ges ag©vbyivMx| Ávb-weÁvb I wkí-mvwn‡Z¨i c„ô‡cvlK wQ‡jb| Z‡e
wZwb e¨w³ wn‡m‡e weZ‡K©i E‡aŸ© wQ‡jb bv| †KD †KD Zuv‡K A½xKvi f½Kvix, Amr I Øxbx Kv‡R evwn¨K
wbôvevb e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| A‡b‡Ki g‡Z RvMwZK ¯^v_© nvwmjB wQj Zuvi ag©|

ivRvm~jf AvPiY t wZwb wb‡R‡K cvim¨ I †ivgvb ivRv‡`i gZ Avo¤^ic~Y© RvuKRgK Øviv cwi‡ewóZ ivL‡Zb|
wZwb cÖvmv‡` mk¯¿ ˆmwbK I †`ni¶x ivL‡Zb| wb‡Ri g‡ZB KvR Ki‡Zb| gRwj‡m kyivi †Kvb avi avi‡Zb
bv|

HwZnvwmKMY kvmK wn‡m‡e nhiZ gyqvweqv (iv)-†K †hfv‡e wPwÎZ K‡i‡Qb Zv wbæiƒc t-
mykvmK t kvmK wn‡m‡e nhiZ gyqvweqv (iv) wQ‡jb AZ¨š— D`vi I b¨vqwbô| wek„´Ljv m„wóKvix‡`i wei“‡×
wZwb wQ‡jb eRªK‡Vvi, `wi`ª I `ye©‡ji cÖwZ wQ‡jb AwZkq `qvjy Ges mywe‡ePK| Zuvi kvmbvg‡j kvmK I
kvwmZ cvkvcvwk emevm Ki| GKRb mykvm‡Ki me ¸Yvejx Zuvi g‡a¨ †`Lv wM‡qwQj|

†kªô ivRbxwZwe` t nhiZ gyqvweqv (iv) kvmK wn‡m‡e `~i`„wó m¤úbœ ivRbxwZwe`, weP¶Y K‚UbxwZwe`, mykvmK
Ges myPZzi mvgªvR¨ msMVK wn‡m‡e Abb¨ mvaviY K…wZ‡Z¡i cwiPq w`‡qwQ‡jb| wbRKvh© wmw×i Rb¨ †h †Kvb
cš’vq kΓ‡`i e‡k Avb‡Z cvi½g wQ‡jb| Zx¶èeyw×, ˆah©¨, kvš— I axi‡PZv c`‡¶c, AZzjbxq mvsMVwbK
`¶Zv, K‚UKzkjZv ivR‰bwZK fv‡ei Øviv wZwb mdj ivRbxwZwe` nIqvi †MŠie AR©b K‡ib|

K~UbxwZwe` t wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb mv_©K K~UbxwZwe`| ivóª kvm‡b Ges ¶gZv cvKv‡cv³Ki‡Y Zuvi K~UbxwZ
h‡_ó djcÖmy n‡qwQj| Zuvi K~UbxwZi Kv‡Q Z`vbxš—b wewkó e¨w³eM©I †n‡i †hZ Ges Zuvi KiZjMZ nZ
wkï evj‡Ki gZ|

kvwš—-k„´Ljv weavqK t nhiZ gyqvweqv (iv) AZ¨š— cwiKwíZ Dcv‡q ivóª kvm‡bi gva¨‡g iv‡óª kvwš—-k„´Ljv
I msnwZ Avbq‡b m¶g n‡qwQ‡jb| wc, †K wnwÆi g‡Z, Òwek„sLjvi ga¨ n‡Z gyqvweqv (iv) k„sLjv Avbqb
K‡ib Ges GKwU kvwš—c~Y© gymwjg mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv K‡ib|''

GKwU ivRZ‡š¿i cÖwZôvZv t nhiZ gyqvweqv (iv) gnvbex (m) cÖwZwôZ I cÖ`wk©Z ÔwLjvdZ Avjv wgb nvwRb
beyIqZ'' e¨e¯’v‡K DrLvZ K‡i DgvBqv ivRZš¿ cÖwZôv K‡ib| Zuvi nv‡ZB GKwU BwZnv‡mi Acg„Zz¨ nq Avi
bZzb BwZnv‡m DgvBqv hvÎv ïi“ K‡ib| HwZnvwmK Avgxi Avwji g‡Z Ò`v‡gk&†K gyqvweqv (iv)
wmsnvmbv‡ivnY wLjvd‡Zi mgvwß, ivRZ‡š¿i cÖvi¤¢ m~Pbv K‡i|'

myôz cÖkvmwbK web¨vmK t gyqvweqv (iv) Lwjdv‡q ivwk`x‡bi mg¯— MYZvwš¿K I Bmjvwg RvZxqZvev`x bxwZ¸‡jv
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Kvi‡Y Zuv‡K Father of a dynasty (GKwU es‡ki cÖwZôvZv) e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq|

†K›`ªxq mwPevjq cÖwZôv t †K›`ªxq kvmb cÖeZ©‡bi Rb¨ wZwb ivRavbx `v‡g‡¯‹ GKwU mwPevjq ev †m‡µUvwi‡qU
cÖwZôv K‡ib| G mwPevj‡q cÖv‡`wkK kvmbKZ©vMY †hvM`vb K‡i gyqvweqv (i)-†K bvbv wel‡q AeMZ Kiv‡Zb
Ges wZwb Zuv‡`i‡K wb‡`©kbv w`‡Zb| kvm‡bi †K›`ªxqKi‡Yi Øviv mgMÖ iv‡R¨i kvwš—-k„´Ljv I wbivcËv
eRvq wQj|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-203

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

WvK e¨e¯’v Pvjy t Bmjvwg iv‡óª me©cÖ_g wZwbB WvK e¨e¯’v Pvjy K‡ib| DU I †Nvovi mvnv‡h¨ wZwb miKvix I
†emiKvix wPwVcÎ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v MÖnY K‡ib| cÖwZ 11 gvBj Aš—i GKwU WvKNi ¯’vcb K‡ib|

†iwRw÷ª `dZi ¯’vcb t †iwRw÷ª `dZi cÖeZ©b gyqvweqvi (iv) Ab¨Zg †kªô KxwZ©| G wefv‡Mi bvg wQj
Ô`xDqvb-Dj-LvwZg'| †K›`ª I cÖ‡`‡ki miKvix Kvh©vw`, wb‡`©kbvejx‡Z Lwjdvi †gvni ev mxj w`‡q msi¶Y
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ivR¯^ wefv‡Mi cybM©Vb t cÖkvmwbK ms¯‹v‡ii Ab¨Zg c`‡¶c wQj ivR¯^ wefv‡Mi cybM©Vb| cÖkvmb †_‡K G
wefvM‡K Avjv`v K‡i ivR¯^ e¨e¯’v‡K mymsnZ K‡ib| G wefv‡Mi cÖavb Ômvwne-Dj-LvivR Lwjdvi wbKU
wnmve-wbKv‡ki Rb¨ `vqx _vK‡Zb| G‡Z cÖv‡`wkK Mfb©i‡`i ¶gZv n«vm cvq Ges ivóªxq A_©bxwZ mg„w× jvf
K‡i|

†bŠ I †mbv evwnbx msMVb t nhiZ gyqvweqv (iv) me©cÖ_g gymwjg †bŠevwnbx cÖwZôv K‡ib| cÖvPxb †MvÎwfwËK
ˆmb¨evwnbxi cwie‡Z© msNe× I myk„sLj evwnbx MVb K‡i mvgªvR¨‡K kvw³kvjx K‡ib| ZvQvov wZwb cywjk
wefvM I K…wl wefv‡MiI Dbœqb mvab K‡ib|

mvi-ms‡¶c
nhiZ gyqvweqv (iv) gvbyl I kvmK wn‡m‡e wQ‡jb GK Abb¨ mvaviY AcÖwZØ›`¡x e¨w³Z¡| wZwb bvbv c`‡¶‡ci
gva¨‡g Bmjvwg kvmb e¨e¯’vq hyMvš—Kvix cwieZ©b Avbqb K‡ib| Bmjvwg Av`k© cwicš’x ivRZš¿ cÖwZôvKvix
wn‡m‡e wbw›`Z n‡jI wZwb Avie‡`i g‡a¨ †kªô b„cwZi Avm‡b mgvmxb wQ‡jb| wc.†K. wnwÆ h_v_©B e‡j‡Qb-
He was not only the first but also one of the best of Arab kings.” e¯—zZ kvmK wn‡m‡e wZwb
†h K…wZ‡Z¡i cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb Zv Zv‡K gymwjg Rvnv‡bi Ab¨Zg †kªô kvmK‡`i gh©v`v `vb K‡i‡Q|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 7.4

Aí K_vq weeiY w`b-
1. Ògyqvweqv wQ‡jb AvKl©Yxq e¨w³|Ó
2. Ògyqvweqv wQ‡jb Pig D”Pvwfjvlx|Ó
3. Ògyqvweqvi `¶Zv I K‚UKzkjZv|Ó
4. Ò‡kªô msMVK wQ‡jb gyqvweqv|Ó
5. gyqvweqv wQ‡jb †kªô ivRbxwZwe`|

msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ
1. gvbyl wn‡m‡e gyqvweqvi Pwi‡Îi wewfbœ w`K Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
2. kvmK wn‡m‡e gyqvweqvi K…wZZ¡ g~j¨vqb Ki“b|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-204

 Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm cÖ_g cÎ

cvV 5
Bqvhx` (680-683 wLª.) t Kvievjvi welv`gq NUbv I djvdj
D‡Ïk¨
 GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-


Bqvhx` m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
Bqvhx‡`i PwiÎ we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
 Bqvhx‡`i wLjvdZ jv‡fi eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb
 Bqvhx` I Bgvg ûmvB‡bi ga¨Kvi we‡iva m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb
 Kvievjvi NUbv, Gi KviY I djvdj we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Bqvhx‡`i cÖv_wgK Rxeb

gyqvweqvi cyÎ Bqvhx` 25 ev 26 wnRwi‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| G mgq gyqvweqv wmwiqvi Mfb©i wQ‡jb| Bqvhx‡`i
gv‡qi bvg wQj gvBmyb web‡Z evn`vj| gv wQ‡jb wKjve †Mv‡Îi gwnjv| Bqvhx` wQ‡jb kvixwiKfv‡e
kw³kvjx cyi“l| evj¨Kvj n‡ZB ivR cwiev‡i jvwjZ cvwjZ n‡qwQ‡jb| Kv‡RB Zvi g‡a¨ `vw¤¢KZvi fve
wQj AZ¨š— Zxeª|

gyqvweqv wQ‡jb Zx¶è Ávbm¤úbœ e¨w³| wkï Bqvhx‡`i †jLvcovi e¨vcv‡i evj¨Kvj n‡ZB AZ¨š— Kov `„wó
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weï× I i¶Ykxj| gyqvweqv (iv) Zuv‡K `y'evi Avgx‡i n¾ K‡i cvwV‡q wQ‡jb| †mbvevwnbxi †bZ…Z¡I Zuv‡K
†`qv n‡qwQj| Kb÷vw›U‡bvc‡ji GK Awfhv‡b Bqvhx` wQj †mbvcwZ|

PwiÎ
Bqvhx` wQj e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b cvcvm³ I `yðwi‡Îi AwaKvix| wbôziZv, Aawg©KZv, g`¨cvb I B›`ªxqcivqbZv
Zvi Pwi·K KjywlZ K‡i †i‡LwQj| wkKv‡ii cÖwZ wQj Zvi Lye †SuvK| h_b Zvi wcZv gyqvweqv (iv) g„Zz¨
kh¨vq kvwqZ, ZLb Bqvhx` `v‡g‡¯‹ wQj bv| †jvK cvwV‡q Zv‡K WvKv nq| gyqvweqv (iv) Zv‡K wKQy Dc‡`k
†`b| Bqvhx` Dc‡`k ïbvi ciB cybivq wkKv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ `v‡g‡¯‹i evB‡i P‡j hvq| Kv‡RB wcZvi g„Zz¨i
mgqI Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Z cv‡ibwb| wKš—z c‡i G‡m wcZvi Ke‡ii Dci Rvbvhv c‡o‡Qb| ivR cwiev‡i jvwjZ
cvwjZ Bqvhx` evj¨Kvj n‡ZB wQ‡jb ¯^vaxbZv wcÖq| agx©q w`K w`‡q wQ‡jb AZ¨š— `ye©j| Zvi mv‡o wZb
eQ‡ii kvmbKvj wZbwU HwZnvwmK `y®‹‡g©i Rb¨ KzL¨vZ| (1) Kvievjvi nZ¨vKvÊ (2) g`xbv AvµgY (3)
Kvev M„‡n nvgjv|
¶gZv jvf
661 wLª÷v‡ã nhiZ nvmvb (iv) I gyqvweqv (iv)-Gi g‡a¨ GK Pyw³ ¯^v¶wiZ n‡qwQj| Pyw³i kZ© wQj †h
gyqvweqv (iv)-Gi Bwš—Kv‡ji ci Bgvg ûmvBb (iv) gymwjg D¤§vni B”Qvbyhvqx Lwjdv n‡eb| 669 wLª÷v‡ã
Bgvg nvmvb (iv)-Gi g„Zz¨ n‡j gyqvweqv (iv) gyMxiv Be‡b †kv'evi civg‡k© †m Pyw³ f½ K‡ib| wZwb wb‡Ri
g„Zz¨i ci ¯^xq cyÎ Bqvhx`B gymwjg Rvnv‡bi Lwjdv n‡eb e‡j †NvlYv Ki‡jb| GgbwK Zuvi RxeÏkvqB
wewfbœ cÖv‡`wkK Mfb©‡ii gva¨‡g Bqvhx‡`i c‡¶ evBqvZ MÖnY K‡ib|
680 wLª÷v‡ãi GwcÖj gv‡m hLb gyqvweqv (iv) Bwš—Kvj K‡ib, Zvici Zuvi g‡bvbqb Abymv‡i ¯^xq cyÎ
Dk„´Lj I Abychy³ Bqvhx` 34 eQi eq‡m gymwjg Rvnv‡bi wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY K‡ib| hvi d‡j MYZvwš¿K
wbq‡g Lwjdv wbe©vPb c×wZi Aemvb N‡U Ges g‡bvbqb c×wZ cÖewZ©Z nq|
Bqvhx` wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY K‡i Zuvi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ mK‡ji cÖwZ AvnŸvb Rvbvb| A‡b‡KB Zvi
cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ ¯’vc‡b Awb”Qv Rvbvq| Giƒc cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wLjvdZ jv‡fi Avkvq Avãyj−vn Be‡b hyevBi
Bqvhx‡`i cÖwZ AvbyM‡Z¨i kc_ MÖnY bv K‡i gw`bv Z¨vM K‡i g°vq P‡j hvb| G‡Z MY¨gvb¨ A‡b‡KB
Bqvhx‡`i wLjvdZ‡K A‰ea e‡j Zv‡K Lwjdv wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Ávcb K‡i|

Bgvg ûmvBb (iv)-Gi mv‡_ Ø›`¡

g`xbvi Mfb©i wQ‡jb Ijx` Be‡b IZev| Zvi Dc‡`óv wQ‡jb gviIqvb Be‡b nvKvg| gviIqv‡bi civgk© wQj
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Zvi civgk© MÖnY K‡iwb| hvi d‡j ûmvBb (iv) g°v P‡j hvIqvi my‡hvM †c‡jb| gviIqvb G Lie Bqvhx`‡K
BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-205
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

†`qvi mv‡_ mv‡_B Bqvhx` Ijx`‡K AcmviY K‡i Avgi Be‡b mvC`‡K g`xbvi Mfb©i K‡i cvVv‡jb|
g°vevmx Avãyj−vn Be‡b hyevB‡qi nv‡Z evBqvZ MÖnY K‡i‡Q, G Lei ï‡b Bqvhx` Avgi‡K g°v wM‡q Avãyj−vn
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hyevB‡qi nv‡Z m¤ú~Y© civRq eiY K‡ib|
nhiZ ûmvBb (iv) hw`I Avãyj−vn Be‡b hyevB‡qi nv‡Z evBqvZ MÖnY K‡ibwb| ZeyI Avãyj−vn Be‡b hyevBi
nhiZ †nvmvBb (iv) mv‡_ civg‡k©i wfwˇZB KvR Ki‡Zb| Bgvg †nvmvBb `v‡g‡¯‹ cÖwZwbwa cvwV‡q Rvbv‡jb
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(iv)-Gi g‡a¨ †h †evSvcov n‡qwQj G‡Z gyqvweqvi g„Zz¨i ci gymwjg D¤§vni B”Qvbyhvqx ûmvBb (iv)-B
wLjvd‡Zi gmb‡` emvi K_v| ûmvBb (iv)-Gi G cÖwZev‡` `xN©w`b hveZ gyqvweqv kvwmZ `v‡g‡¯‹ weiƒc
cÖwZwµqvi m„wó nq| †hvM¨, ag©civqY I b¨vq evb wn‡m‡e Bqvhx` A‡c¶v wZwbB wLjvd‡Zi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b
Dchy³ e¨w³| Kv‡RB MYZš¿ I wLjvd‡Zi gh©v`v i¶v‡_© wZwb †h †Kvb Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q Bqvhx‡`i wbKU gv_v
bZ bv Kivi Rb¨ `„p msKíe× n‡jb| wnRv‡Ri Avjx mg_©KMYI ûmvBb (iv)-Gi cÖwZ Av¯’v Ávcb K‡i|
d‡j Avjx I gyqvweqvi kvmbKv‡j †ivwcZ msN‡l©i exR Zv‡`i cy·`i Avg‡j me©bvkv we‡l iƒcvš—wiZ nq|
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Avbvi Rb¨ Zv‡K civgk© †`b| hvÎvi c~‡e© Kzdvi cÖK…Z Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nIqvi Rb¨ ûmvBb (iv) Zvi
ÁvwZ fvB gymwjg Be‡b AvwKj‡K †cÖiY K‡ib| Avi Zuv‡K G K_v e‡j †`b †h, Zzwg †Mvcbfv‡e Kzdvq
†cuŠQ‡e Ges †Mvc‡bB _vK‡e Ges †Mvc‡bB Avgvi †jvK‡`i‡K evBqvZ Kwi‡q Avgv‡K Ae¯’v Rvwb‡q wPwV
w`‡e| gymwjg AZ¨š— ms‡Mvc‡b Kzdv †cuŠQ‡jb Ges gyLZvi Be‡b DevB`vi evwo Avkªq wb‡jb| Av‡¯— Av‡¯—
Zvi AvMg‡bi msev` Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q coj| `‡j `‡j †jvK gymwjg Be‡b AvwK‡ji nv‡Z nhiZ †nvmvBb
(iv)-Gi Rb¨ evBqvZ n‡Z jvMj| cÖ_gw`‡bB evi nvRvi †jvK evBqvZ MÖnY Ki‡jb| gymwjg Kzdvi Ae¯’v
AZ¨š— AbyKzj g‡b K‡i ûmvBb (iv)-†K Kzdv P‡j Avmvi Rb¨ Kv‡qm I Avãyi ingvb bvgK `yB Rb‡K cÎ
w`‡q cvVvb| nhiZ ûmvBb (iv) Kzdv Avmvi Avk¦vm w`‡q Zv‡`i‡K †diZ cvVv‡jb| G`w`‡K gymwj‡gi nv‡Z
Kzdvevmxi evBqv‡Zi K_v Bqvhx` msev` †c‡q DevB`yj−vn Be‡b whqv`‡K Kzdvi Mfb©i K‡i cvVvq|
DevB`yj−vn AmsL¨ ˆbm¨ wb‡q Kzdvq Dcw¯’Z nq| gymwjg DevB`yj−vni Lie †c‡q gyLZvi Be‡b DevB`vi evwo
Z¨vM K‡i AZ¨š— ms‡Mvc‡b nvbx Be‡b I‡ivqvi evwo Avkªq †bb| GZw`‡b Kzdvq †nvmvBb (iv)
evBqvZKvix‡`i msL¨v 18 nvRv‡i †cuŠ‡Q hvq| DevB`yj−vn Be‡b whqv` Kzdvevmx‡`i‡K cybivq Bqvhx‡`i w`‡K
wdwi‡q Avb‡Z m¶g nb| wZwb bvbv Pµv‡š—i gva¨‡g gymwjg Be‡b AvwKj‡K e›`x K‡ib Ges c‡i nZ¨v K‡i
`iRvq Szwj‡q iv‡Lb| Avi Zvi wki `v‡g‡¯‹ Bqvhx‡`i wbKU †cÖiY K‡i|
Kvievjvi welv`gq NUbv
Kzdv wQj ZrKvjxb Avi‡ei GKwU cÖ‡`k hv g°v-g`xbvi Dˇi Aew¯’Z| Kzdvi c'wPk gvBj DËi cwð‡g
†dviv‡Zi †Kvj †Nu‡l Aew¯’Z Kvievjv cÖvš—i| wnRwi 60 m‡b Bgvg †nvmvBb (iv) I Bqvhx‡`i g‡a¨ †mLv‡b
†h HwZnvwmK msNl© nq Zv Kvievjvi NUbv bv‡g cwiwPZ|

Kvievjv NUbvi KviY

nhiZ gyqvweqv (iv)-Gi cyÎ Bqvwh‡`i kvmbvg‡j Kvievjvi b„ksm I ü`qwe`viK NUbv BwZnvm‡K KjswKZ
K‡iwQj| G NUbvq gvbeZv Pigfv‡e f‚-jywÉZ nq| GRb¨ Bqvwh‡`i mgqKvj‡K DgvBqv es‡ki Kj¼RbK
Aa¨vq e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv nq| G nZ¨vKv‡Êi Rb¨ Bqvhx` wKqvgZ ch©š— gvby‡li wb›`v I N„Yvi cvÎ wn‡m‡e
we‡ewPZ n‡eb|
Pyw³i Aegvbbv t Kvievjv hy‡×i cÖavb KviY wQj nvmvb-gyqvweqvi mwÜi Aegvbbv| Zv‡`i gv‡S mwÜ n‡qwQj
†h gyqvweqvi (iv)-Gi g„Zz¨i ci ûmvBb Lwjdv n‡eb| wKš—z gyqvweqv (iv)-Gi g„Zz¨i GK eQi c~‡e© mwÜi Pyw³
f½ K‡i †nvmvBb (iv)-Gi ¯’‡j Bqvhx`‡K wLjvd‡Zi DËivwaKvix g‡bvbxZ K‡ib hv Bgvg ûmvBb (iv)
bxwZMZfv‡e †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ibwb| d‡j msNwUZ nq Kvievjvi nZ¨vKvÊ|
Bqvhx‡`i wejvwmZv t Bqvhx` ¶gZvq e‡mB Bmjvwg weavb‡K Agvb¨ I Aegvbbv K‡i Av‡gv`-cÖ‡gv` Ges
wejvwmZvq Mv fvwm‡q †`b| GgbwK g` I Mvb-evRbv wb‡qI wZwb e¨¯— _vK‡Zb| Zvi G‡nb Kvh©Kjv‡c
cÖK…Z ag©fxi“ †jvKRb †¶‡c hvq|
Bqvhx‡`i cÖwZ N„Yv t Bqvhx‡`i e¨w³ PwiÎ I †hvM¨Zv KL‡bv Lwjdv nIqvi Dchy³ wQj bv| Aciw`‡K nhiZ
†nvmvBb (iv) wQ‡jb Bqvhx` †_‡K mvwe©K ¸‡Y †kªô| avgx©KZvq b¨vq civqYZv I †hvM¨Zvi w`‡K we‡ePbv

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-206

 Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm cÖ_g cÎ

K‡i mKj ag©fxi“ †jvK Bqvhx‡`i cwie‡Z© †nvmvBb (iv)-†KB Lwjdv nIqvi Dchy³ g‡b Ki‡Zb| d‡j
†nvmvBb (iv) I Bqvhx‡`i g‡a¨ GKwU msN‡l©i †¶Î cÖ¯—zZ n‡q wM‡qwQj|
gviIqv‡bi lohš¿ t gviIqvb Bgvg ûmvBb‡K `vi“Yfv‡e fq Ki‡Zb| Bgvg ûmvBb Lwjdv n‡j Zvi
Amyweav n‡e †f‡e c~e© †_‡KB Bqvhx‡`i c¶vej¤^b Ges ûmvB‡bi wei“‡× lohš¿ ïi“ K‡ib| cwiYwZ‡Z
msNwUZ nq Kvievjvi nZ¨vKvÊ|
Bqvhx‡`i Pµvš— I `yiwfmwÜ t Kvievjvq msNl©‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i †nvmvBb (iv) g°v n‡Z Kzdvi w`‡K iIqvbv
K‡ibwb| wZwb cw_g‡a¨ hLb ïb‡jb gymwjg wbnZ n‡q‡Q, ZLb Kzdvevmxi Ae¯’v m¤^‡Ü Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb|
Gw`‡K û‡ii Øviv Avµvš— n‡q wZwb g°vi w`‡KI cÖZ¨veZ©b Kivi my‡hvM cvbwb| d‡j Zuv‡K eva¨ n‡q
Kvievjvi hy‡× AskMÖnY Ki‡Z n‡qwQj|
Kydvevmxi wek¦vmNvZKZv t Kvievjv hy‡×i GK we‡kl KviY wQj Kzdvevmx‡`i wek¦vmNvZKZv I lohš¿g~jK
Kvh©vejx| Bgvg †nvmvBb (iv)-†K Zviv †¯^”Qvq Avgš¿Y Rvwb‡qwQj| ûmvBb (iv) cwiw¯’wZ hvPvB Kivi Rb¨
PvPvZ fvB gymwjg‡K Kzdv cvVv‡jb| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ 18 nvRv‡ii gZ †jvK gymwj‡gi nv‡Z nhiZ ûmvBb (iv)-
Gi Rb¨ evBqvZ MÖnY K‡iI c‡i Zv f½ K‡i Bqvhx‡`i c¶ Aej¤^b K‡i| Bgvg †nvmvBb (iv) Kzdvevmx‡`i
wek¦vmNvZKZvi e¨vcvi wKQyB Rvb‡Z cv‡ibwb|
ivRZš¿ cÖwZôv t gyqvweqv (iv) Zvi RxeÏkvqB wb‡Ri cyÎ Bqvhx`‡K wLjvd‡Zi DËivwaKvix wbe©vwPZ K‡i
gvivÍ
K fzj K‡iwQj| Bqvhx` wQ‡jb Lwjdv nIqvi m¤ú~Y© Abychy³| G Ab¨vq c‡_ wLjvdZ cÖ`v‡bi †Nvi
we‡ivax wQ‡jb nhiZ ûmvBb (iv)| wZwb Bqvhx‡`i wei“‡× kw³ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨B Kzdvevmx‡`i evBqvZ wb‡Z
AvMÖnx wQ‡jb| Ae‡k‡l hLb Kzdvevmx‡`i Avgš¿‡Y wZwb †mLv‡b iIqvbv Ki‡jb cw_g‡a¨B Kvievjvi hy×
N‡U| e¯—zZ eySv hvq ivRZš¿ I A‡hvM¨ †jv‡Ki wLjvd‡Zi we‡ivwaZv Kivi Kvi‡Y Kvievjvi ü`q we`viK
NUbv N‡U|
Bqvhx`‡K A¯^xKvi t Avgx‡i gyqvweqv KZ©„K g‡bvbxZ Bqvhx‡`i wLjvdZ‡K g°v, g`xbv I Kydvi RbMY †g‡b
wb‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i| we‡kl K‡i Zvi A‰bmjvwgK Kvh©Kjvc I cvcvPvic~Y© Rxeb ag©fxi“ gymjgvb‡`i g‡b
Zxeª cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡iwQj|
Bgvg ûmvB‡bi ewjôZv t Bgvg ûmvBb (iv) wQ‡jb Cgvbx kw³‡Z AZ¨š— ejxqvb I wbôvevb| c¶vš—‡i
Bqvwh` wQ‡jb g`¨cvqx, B›`ªxqcivqY I KvÊÁvbnxb gvbyl| ZvB ûmvBb (iv) †Kvbµ‡gB Bqvwh‡`i Kv‡Q bZ
I evBqvZ MÖnY Ki‡Z ivRx nbwb| cÖ‡qvR‡b wZwb Rxeb w`‡ZI cÖ¯—zZ nb|
g`xbvi ¸i“Z¡ n«vm t g`xbvi cwie‡Z© `v‡g‡¯‹ ivRavbx ¯’vc‡b g`xbvi ¸i“Z¡ n«vm cvq| GQvov Bqvwh‡`i
Bmjvwg Av`‡k©i cwicš’x Kvh©Kjv‡c g°v I g`xbvi ag©fxi“, mr I wbôvevb mvnvexiv Bqvwh‡`i wei“×vPiY
K‡ib|
†MvÎxq we‡iva t `xN©w`b a‡iB DgvBqv I nvwkgx †Mv‡Îi g‡a¨ we‡iva wQj| Bqvwh` wQ‡jb DgvBqv †Mv‡Îi|
wZwb Dfq †Mv‡Îi we‡iva‡K cybivq RvMÖZ K‡i gvivÍ K cwiw¯’wZi m„wó K‡ib| d‡j Kvievjvi nZ¨vKvÊ
msNwUZ nq|

Kvievjvi NUbv
ûmvB‡bi Kydv hvÎv t Bgvg ûmvBb (iv) Bqvwh`‡K `gb Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ Kydvevmx‡`i mvnvh¨ wb‡Z 60 wnRwii
3 whjnv¾ Zvwi‡L 240 Rb cwievi-cwiRb I wbKUvÍ xqmn g°v n‡Z Kzdv Awfgy‡L iIqvbv n‡jb| hw`I
A‡b‡KB Zuv‡K Kydv †h‡Z eviY K‡iwQ‡jb; ZeyI `„p g‡bvej wb‡q G‡Mv‡Z _vK‡jb|

DevB`yj−vni cÖwZ‡iva t Bgvg ûmvBb Kydvi wbKUeZx© n‡j nVvr K‡i †nvi bvgK GK Avie m`©v‡ii Ak¦v‡ivnx
evwnbx Zuvi MwZ‡iva K‡i| d‡j ûmvB‡bi `jwU †dvivZ b`xi cwðg Zxi a‡i AMÖmi n‡Z eva¨ nq| Aí`~i
†h‡ZB DevB`yj−vn Be‡b whqv` KZ©„K †cÖwiZ Ges Avgi Be‡b mv‡`'i †bZ…‡Z¡ cwiPvwjZ Pvi nvRvi DgvBqv
ˆm‡b¨i GKwU wekvj evwnbx Zuv‡`i MwZ‡iva K‡i| ûmvBb (iv) Ab‡b¨vcvq n‡q Kydvi cuwPk gvBj DËi-

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-207

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

cwð‡g †dvivZK‚‡ji Kvievjv cÖvš—‡i wkwei ¯’vcb K‡ib| Avi kΓ-ˆmb¨iv cvwb msMÖ‡ni c_ AvUwK‡q iv‡L-
hv‡Z Zuviv cvwb cvb bv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

Bgvg ûmvB‡bi kZ©vejx t Bgvg ûmvBb (iv) Ae‡iv‡a _vKv Ae¯’vq Be‡b whqv‡`i Kv‡Q wZbwU cÖ¯—ve †ck
K‡ib t
K. Zuv‡K g`xbvq wd‡i †h‡Z †`qv †nvK, A_ev
L. ZzKx© mxgv‡š—i `y‡M© Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z †`qv †nvK, A_ev
M. Bqvwh‡`i mv‡_ kvwš—c~Y© Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ `v‡g‡¯‹ †h‡Z c_ †Q‡o †`qv †nvK|

Gme cÖ¯—ve M„nxZ bv nIqvq Ae‡k‡l Kvievjvi cÖvš—‡i 60 wnt 10 gynviig hy× ïi“ n‡q †Mj| ci ci
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gymwjg ˆmb¨ wkwe‡i ¯^Rb‡`i AvnvRvwi‡Z AvKvk-evZvm cÖKw¤úZ n‡Z jvMj| Bgvg ûmvBb ¯^qs hy× Ki‡Z
Ki‡Z Ae‡k‡l kvnv`vZ eiY K‡ib| Zuv‡K knx` K‡i mxgvi| wRjRIk‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ Qq e¨w³ GK‡Î AvµgY
K‡i| Gfv‡e †kl n‡q hvq bex es‡ki †kl wPý|

djvdj
Bmjvwg H‡K¨ KzVvivNvZ t G gg©vwš—K NUbvi ci Bmjvwg H‡K¨ dvUj a‡i- hv RvZxq Rxe‡b weiƒc
cÖwZwµqvi m„wó K‡i Ges cybivq åvZ…NvwZ hy× `vbv †eu‡a I‡V|

wLjvd‡Zi aviv cwieZ©b t Kvievjvi NUbvi d‡j wLjvd‡Zi aviv m¤ú~Y© wfbœ Lv‡Z cÖevwnZ nq| HK¨, msnwZ
I Bmjvwg weavb m¤^wjZ wLjvdZ Pj‡Z _v‡K A‡hvM¨, AZ¨vPvix I ˆ¯^ivPvix‡`i gbMov AvB‡b|

ivR‰bwZK wech©q t Kvievjvi nZ¨vKvÊ Bmjvwg iv‡óªi Rb¨ GKwU ivR‰bwZK wech©q †W‡K Av‡b| G NUbv
me©cÖ_g DgvBqv es‡ki me©bvk Ges wLjvd‡Zi ci A‡bK iv‡óª wec` m„wó K‡i|

wkqv gZev‡`i Rb¥ t Kvievjvi wbg©g nZ¨vKv‡Êi d‡j Avjx (iv)-Gi es‡ki AbyK‚‡j e¨vcK RbgZ M‡o
D‡V| G g‡Zi mg_©Kiv g‡b K‡ib, wLjvd‡Zi GKgvÎ AwaKvix n‡jb Avjx I dvwZgv (iv)-Gi eskai| Gi
ci †_‡K G `j Ôwkqv' bv‡g cwiwPZ| cieZx©Kv‡j Zviv AveŸvmxq‡`i ¶gZvq Av‡ivnY Kiv‡Z A‡bK mvnvh¨
K‡iwQj|

Bqvhx` evwnbxi g°v I g`xbv AvµgY t Bqvwh` evwnbxi wbg©g Kg©KvÊ I AmZZvq ¶zä n‡q g°v I
g`xbvevmx Bqvhx‡`i c`Z¨vM †NvlYv K‡i Bqvwh` KZ©„K wbhy³ kvmbKZ©v‡K weZvwoZ K‡ib| G‡Z Bqvhx`
ivMvwb¦Z n‡q gymwjg bv‡g GK `ya©l© †mbvcwZ‡K g`xbvq cvwV‡q A‡bK †jvK nZ¨v Kij| wZbw`b e¨vcx
ˆmb¨‡`i nZ¨vhÁ, jyÚb I AwMœ ms‡hvM g`xbv‡K jÊfÊ K‡i †`q| AZtci g°vi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIqvbv n‡q
gymwjg g°vq Be‡b hyevB‡ii evavi m¤§yLxb nb| evav †c‡q Zviv g°v bMix Ae‡iva K‡i iv‡Lb| G cÖm‡½
wnwÆ e‡jb, ÒAe‡ivaKv‡j Kv'evN‡i AwMœ ms‡hvwRZ nq Ges Zv µ›`biZv igYxi fMœ ü`‡qi iƒc jvf K‡i|''
Ggb mgq Bqvhx‡`i g„Zz¨i Lei †cuŠQ‡j Ae‡iva cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv nq|

mvi-ms‡¶c
Kvievjvi nZ¨vKvÊ Bqvhx‡`i ivRZ¡Kvj‡K wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ c„w_ex‡Z KjswKZ K‡i †i‡L‡Q| ivRZ‡š¿i gva¨‡g
¶gZv jvf K‡i A‡hvM¨ kvm‡Ki G‡nb b¨v°viRbK ü`q¯úkx© NUbvi m~Pbvq Bmjv‡giB ¶wZ nqwb, eis wek¦
BwZnv‡m Lvivc bRxi ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| mZ¨, b¨vq I MYZ‡š¿i Rb¨ Kvievjv cÖvš—‡i ûmvBb (iv)-Gi kvnv`vZ
Ges ûmvBb cwiev‡ii Z¨vM mK‡ji Kv‡Q me mg‡qi Rb¨ wk¶vi Drm n‡q †cÖiYv †hvMvZ| eû evav-wecwË
ûgwK I cÖvY wemR©b w`‡qI Bgvb ûmvBb Zuvi Av`k© I bxwZ †_‡K wePy¨Z nbwb| A‰eafv‡e g‡bvbxZ A‡hvM¨
Bqvwh`‡K †g‡b †bbwb| m‡Z¨i Rb¨ Zuvi GB AwePj AUj f‚wgKv Ges AvÍ Z¨vM mK‡ji Rb¨ GK gnvb
Av`k©|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-208

 Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm cÖ_g cÎ

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 7.5

GK K_vq DËi w`b-
1. Bqvhx` †K wQ‡jb?
2. Bqvhx‡`i mv‡o wZb eQ‡ii kvmbKvj wZbwU HwZnvwmK `yóK‡g©i Rb¨ KzL¨vZ| G¸‡jv wK wK?
3. Bqvhx` wKfv‡e ¶gZvi gmb‡` Av‡mb?
4. Bqvhx` I ûmvBb (iv)-Gi mv‡_ Ø›`¡ †eu‡a wQj †Kb?
5. Kvievjv wK?
6. Kvievjv †Kb weL¨vZ?
7. Kzdvevmxiv Kvi mv‡_ wek¦vm NvZKZv K‡i? wK fv‡e?
8. Kvievjvi NUbvi ci †Kvb gZev‡`i Rb¥ nq?

msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ
1. Bqvhx` †K wQ‡jb? Zuvi cÖv_wgK Rxeb I Pwi‡Îi eY©bv w`b|
2. Bqvhx‡`i ¶gZv jv‡fi weeiY w`b|
3. Bqvhx` I Bgvg ûmvBb (iv)-Gi g‡a¨ ؇›`¡i KviY wPwýZ Ki“b|
4. Kvievjvi NUbvwU ms‡¶‡c wjLyb|
5. Kvievjvi NUbvi djvdj wK n‡qwQj Zvi g~j¨vqb Ki“b|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-209

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 6 Ave`yj gvwjK (685-705 wLª.) : DgvBqv kvmb `„pKiY I cÖkvmwbK ms¯‹vi
D‡Ïk¨
 G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-


Ave`yj gvwj‡Ki cwiPq I ¶gZvMÖnY m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb
DgvBqv kvmb `„pxKi‡Y Ave`yj gvwj‡Ki Ae`vb eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
 Ave`yj gvwj‡Ki kvmbbxwZ I ms¯‹v‡ii weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb
 Ave`yj gvwj‡Ki PwiÎ I K…wZZ¡ g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cwiPq
Ave`yj gvwjK wQ‡jb nhiZ Dmgv‡bi cÖavb Dc‡`óv gviIqv‡bi cyÎ| wZwb Dmgv‡bi wLjvdZ hy‡M 23
wnRwi‡Z g`xbvq Rb¥jvf K‡ib Ges †mLv‡bB †e‡o I‡Vb I wk¶v jvf K‡ib| Ávb I eyw×gËv Ges msKí
I mvn‡m wZwb Abb¨ wQ‡jb|

¶gZv jv‡fi †cÖ¶vcU

Bqvhx‡`i g„Zz¨i ci Zuvi cyÎ wØZxq gyqvweqv 680 wLª÷v‡ã DËivwaKvi m~‡Î Lwjdv n‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb gvÎ wZb
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wmsnvm‡bi `vwe`vi wQ‡jb Zuvi fvwZRv Lvwj`| wKš—z Lvwj` wQ‡jb Aí eq¯‹ evjK| ZvB mfvm`MY
e‡qv‡R¨ô I `¶ gviIqvb Be‡b nvKvg‡K Lwjdv c‡` g‡bvbxZ K‡ib| gviIqv‡bi Kv‡Q kZ© wQj Lvwj`
hLb cÖvßeq¯‹ n‡eb ZLb Lvwj`‡K wmsnvmb †Q‡o w`‡Z n‡e|
gviIqvb wQ‡jb Z…Zxq Lwjdv nhiZ Dmgv‡bi (iv) cÖavb Dc‡`óv, myPZzi ivRbxwZwe` I K~UbxwZwe`| wZwb
wmsnvm‡b e‡mB Lvwj‡`i weaev gvZv‡K we‡q K‡ib| wZwb g„Zz¨i c~‡e© Lvwj‡`i mv‡_ Pyw³ f½ K‡i wbR cyÎ
Ave`yj gvwjK‡K Lwjdv wn‡m‡e g‡bvbqb `vb K‡iwQ‡jb| G‡Z Lvwj‡`i gvZv †µvavwb¦Z n‡q Nygš— Ae¯’vq
gviIqvb‡K nZ¨v K‡ib| Aek¨ †Kvb †Kvb HwZnvwmK e‡j‡Qb wZwb †c−M †iv‡M gviv wM‡qwQ‡jb|
wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY t DgvBqv es‡ki PZz_© Lwjdv gviIqvb Be‡b nvKv‡gi g„Zz¨i ci Zvi †R¨ô cyÎ Ave`yj
gvwjK 685 wLª÷v‡ã †g gv‡m cÂg Lwjdv wn‡m‡e `v‡g‡¯‹i wmsnvm‡b e‡mb| Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m wZwb
(Father of Kings) ev ivR-wcZv bv‡g cwiwPZ| HwZnvwmK wnwÆ e‡jb, Avãyj gvwjK Ges Zuvi DËivwaKvix
Pvi cy‡Îi kvmbKv‡j `v‡g‡¯‹i GB ivResk †kŠh©-exh© I †MŠi‡ei Pig wkL‡i Av‡ivnY K‡i| G DgvBqv
kvmK wQ‡jb K‡g© Drmvnx, loh‡š¿ wm× n¯— Ges ag©fq-weewR©Z| ¯^xq ¶gZv my`„p Kivi Rb¨ wZwb AmvaviY
`¶Zvi m‡½ K‡g© AvÍ wb‡qvM K‡ib| 20 eQ‡ii wLjvdZ Kv‡j Zuvi K…wZZ¡ wQ‡jv wÎgywL| h_v-
1. we‡`ªvn `gb I iv‡R¨ kvwš—-k„´Ljv cÖwZôv|
2. mvgwiK Awfhvb I üZivR¨ cyb`©LjKiY|
3. kvmb e¨e¯’vi cybwe©b¨vm I DgvBqv cÖfzZ¡‡K my`„pxKiY|
evav wecwË
¶gZv jv‡fi ciB Ave`yj gvwjK‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi wec`-Avc` I evav-wecwËi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq|
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myweav †cZ|
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GQvov Avie gymjgvbMY KZ©„K Abvie‡`i Rwg µq wbwl× K‡ib|

wZwb Abye©i I cwZZ Rwg wZb eQi †gqv‡` K…lK‡`i gv‡S webv ivR‡¯^ weZiY K‡i K…wlKv‡Ri cÖf~Z DbœwZ
mvab K‡ib| Gfv‡e ivR¯^ Avq e„w× Kivi e¨e¯’v K‡i DgvBqv wLjvdZ‡K mg~n A_©‰bwZK wech©q n‡Z i¶v
K‡ib|

¯’vcZ¨ wk‡íi c„ô‡cvlK

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cv †i‡L wg'iv‡R Mgb K‡ib †mLv‡b 691 wLª÷v‡ã AvU‡KvYv wewkó ÔKzeŸvZzm mvLiv' ev weivU cv_‡ii M¤^yR
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wbg©vY K‡ib| wZwb `v‡g‡¯‹ gynvwdRLvbv ev miKvwi `wjj `¯—v‡eRLvbv (w`Iqvb Di ivmvBj) ¯’vcb K‡ib|

Avãyj gvwj‡Ki g„Zz¨

20 eQi ivRZ¡ Kivi ci 705 wLª÷v‡ã Avãyj gvwjK 62 eQi eq‡m Bwš—Kvj K‡ib| g„Zz¨i c~‡e© wZwb Zuvi
cyÎ Avj Iqvwj`‡K wmsnvm‡bi Rb¨ DËivwaKvix g‡bvbxZ K‡ib|

mvi-ms‡¶c
Avãyj gvwjK Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡mi ¯§iYxq Ges †kªôZg DgvBqv kvmK‡`i Ab¨Zg wQ‡jb| wZwb wQ‡jb K‡Vvi
cwikªgx, cÖÁvevb K‚UbxwZK, weP¶Y kvmK| Zuvi ivR`iev‡i Kwe mvwnwZ¨K Ávbx ¸YxMY c„ô‡cvlKZv jvf
K‡iwQ‡jb| mvwe©K wePv‡i wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb mv_©K I mdj kvmK| DgvBqv es‡ki PZz_© Lwjdv wcZv
gviIqvb Bebyj nvKv‡gi g„Zz¨i ci Ave`yj gvwjK DgvBqv es‡ki cÂg Lwjdv wn‡m‡e `v‡gk‡Ki wmsnvm‡b
e‡mb| Lwjdv Avãyj gvwjK ¯^xq Kg©`¶Zv, ivR‰bwZK `~i`wk©Zv I AZzjbxq PwiÎ ¸‡Y DgvBqv esk‡K
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KziAv‡b nvwdR wQ‡jb, AmsL¨ nv`xm Zuvi gyL¯’ wQj| †Kvb-†Kvb HwZnvwmK Zuvi Pwi‡Î †jvf I wbôziZvi
K_v ej‡jI Avm‡j wZwb †ZgbwU wQ‡jb bv| wZwb RbKj¨vY g~jK eûwea msmv‡i mvavb K‡i BwZnvm †kªôZ¡
AR©b K‡ib| ejv nq gyqvweqv wQ‡jb DgvBqv wLjvdZ cÖ_g cÖwZôvZv Avi Lwjdv Avãyj gvwjK wQ‡jb
DgvBqv es‡ki wØZxq cÖwZôvZv|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-214

 Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm cÖ_g cÎ

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 7.6

GK K_vq DËi w`b-
1. Lwjdv Avãyj gvwj‡Ki cwiPq w`b|
2. wZwb KZ eQi ivRZ¡ K‡ib Ges Zuvi K…wZ‡Z¡i w`K ¸‡jv wK wK?
3. gyLZv‡ii we‡`ªvn †Kgb wQj?
4. ZvIqvexb ev Aby‡kvPbvKvix wQj Kviv?
5. gymqve †K wQ‡jb?
6. Ave`yj−vn Be‡b hyevBi †K wQ‡jb?
7. g~mv web bymv‡qi †K wQ‡jb? wZwb Kv‡`i‡K †Kv_v n‡Z weZvwoZ K‡ib?
8. Rvbexj †K wQ‡jb?
9. Bebyj Avmv_ †K wQ‡jb? wZwb we‡`ªvn K‡iwQ‡jb †Kb?
10. Zuvi kvmb msmv‡ii g‡a¨ AviweKiY ej‡Z wK †ev‡Sb?
12. Ave`yj gvwjK ivR¯^ e¨e¯’vq wK ms¯‹vi K‡iwQ‡jb|

msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ
1. Avãyj gvwjK †K wQ‡jb? Zuvi ¶gZv jv‡fi †cÖ¶vcU eY©bv Ki“b|
2. ¶gZv jv‡fi ci wZwb wK wK evav wecwËi m¤§yLxb nb?
3. gyLZvi †K? Zuvi we‡`ªv‡ni wel‡q hv Rv‡bb wjLyb|
4. Ave`yj−vn Be‡b hyevB‡qi mv‡_ Zuvi msN‡l©i eY©bv w`b|
5. Ave`yj gvwj‡Ki D‡j−L‡hvM¨ kvmb ms¯‹v‡ii GKwU weeiY w`b|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-215

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 7 Iqvwj` web Avãyj gvwjK (705-715 wLª.) Gi weRqvwfhvb

D‡Ïk¨
 G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
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Iqvwj‡`i cwiPq I ¶gZv‡ivnb I cÖv_wgK Kvh©vejx m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
mvgªv‡R¨i m¤úªmvi‡Y Iqvwj‡`i weRqvwfhv‡bi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

cwiPq I ¶gZvMÖnY cÖv_wgK Kvh©vejx

Lwjdv Iqvwj` wQ‡jb Lwjdv Ave`yj gvwj‡Ki eo †Q‡j| wcZv Zuv‡K cieZx© Lwjdv g‡bvbqb K‡i hvb
wcZvi g„Zz¨i ci 705 wLª÷v‡ã Iqvwj` wmsnvm‡b AwawôZ nb| wZwb 50 wnRwi‡Z Rb¥jvf K‡ib| wk¶v
jv‡fi †Zgb my‡hvM cvbwb| wb‡f©Rvj Avie kvmK GB ev`kvn ï× Aviwe ch©š— ej‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| Z‡e
kvm‡bi wbqg-Kvbyb m¤ú‡K© m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c `¶ wQ‡jb|
Zuvi 10 eQ‡ii kvmbKvj †`‡k kvwš— I k„´Ljv weivRgvb wQj| wcZv Ave`yj gvwjK Zuvi kvmb Kv‡j mKj
cÖwZeÜKZv AcmviY K‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb| G Kvi‡Y Iqvwj` wbwe©‡Nœ Af¨š—ixY k„´Ljv weavb I mvgªvR¨
m¤úªmvi‡Yi cÖPyi my‡hvM jvf K‡ib| Iqvwj` kvmb Kvh© cwiPvjbvq wcZvi c`v¼ AbymiY K‡ib| wcZvi
Av‡`‡k wZwb nv¾vR Be‡b BDmyd‡K c~e©vÂjxq cÖ‡`kmg~‡ni kvmbKZ©vi c‡` envj iv‡Lb| Z‡e Acivci
A‡ji †Kvb †Kvb kvmbKZ©v c‡` cwieZ©b G‡b wQ‡jb| wZwb Zuvi PvPvZ fvB Dgi Beb Avãyj Avhxh †K
wnRv‡hi Mfb©i wbhy³ K‡ib| Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhxh kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ nIqvi ci wnRv‡Ri AvBbÁ, cwÊZ
I cÖexY e¨w³‡`i civgk© wb‡q Zuvi kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb|

Bqvhx` I Ave`yj gvwj‡Ki mgq cweÎ g°v I g`xbvi †h aŸsm mvwaZ nq †m Kvwjgv `~i Kivi Rb¨ Dgi
Be‡b Ave`yj Avhxh kni `y‡Uv‡K my›`i my‡kvwfZ K‡ib| wZwb Dfq kn‡i A‡bK cÖvmv`, cqt cÖYvjx I iv¯—
vNvU wbg©vY K‡ib| wZwb g`xbvi gmwR‡` beŸxi m¤úªmviY I Kv'ev M„‡ni cybtwbg©vY K‡ib| Zuvi D`vi I
Kj¨vYKi kvm‡b mKj ¯—‡ii RbmvaviY Zvi cÖwZ mš—zó wQ‡jb| Dg‡ii kvm‡b AvK…ó n‡q eû msL¨K BivKx
nv¾v‡Ri wbh©vZb †_‡K euvPvi Rb¨ wnRv‡R cvwj‡q Av‡mb| G‡Z nv¾vR ¶zä nb Ges Zuvi wei“‡× Lwjdv
Iqvwj‡`i Kv‡Q Awf‡hvM K‡ib| G‡Z Lwjdv Iqvwj` Awb”Qv m‡Z¡I eva¨ n‡q Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhxh‡K
wnRv‡Ri kvmbKZ©vi c` †_‡K AcmviY K‡ib| c‡i nv¾v‡Ri B”Qvbymv‡i g°v I g`xbvq `y'Rb c„_K
kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ K‡ib| Dg‡ii we`v‡q g°v-g`xbvi Avevj e„×, ewbZv †kvKvnZ nb| †Lvivmv‡bi kvmbKZ©v
Bqvhx` web gnvwj−‡ei mv‡_ cÖ_‡g nv¾v‡Ri fvj m¤úK© wQj| wKš—z c‡i m¤ú‡K©i AebwZ nq Ges Lwjdv
Iqvwj`‡K w`‡q Zuvi AcmviY NUv‡bv nq| †mLv‡b 705 wLª÷v‡ã nv¾v‡Ri B”Qvq KzZvBev web gymwjg‡K
†Lvivmv‡bi kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ K‡ib| Gici Iqvwj` ivR¨ we¯—v‡i gb‡hvM †`b|

Iqvwj‡`i ivR¨ we¯—vi

Lwjdv Iqvwj‡`i mgq gymwjg mvgªvR¨ h‡_ó we¯—„wZ jvf K‡i| Zuvi ivRZ¡Kvj †`k-we‡`‡k †MŠiegq
Aa¨v‡qi m~Pbv K‡iwQj| Iqvwj` wQ‡jb †Z‡Rv`xß hyeK I Acwi‡gq Zvi“‡Y¨i AwaKvix| †mŠfvM¨µ‡g wZwb
gynv¤§` web Kvwmg KzZvBev web gymwjg, g~mv web bymvBi, ZvwiK web whqv` Ges gvmjvgv web Ave`yj
gvwj‡Ki gZ eo eo wØwM¦Rqx exi †mbvbx jvf K‡iwQ‡jb hviv †Nvovi wc‡V e‡m BD‡ivc, Gwkqv I Avwd«Kvi
gvV-NvU, cÖvš—i c``wjZ K‡i Bmjvwg kvm‡bi wbqš¿‡Y G‡b †`b| Zuvi mg‡q gymwjg evwnbx wØwM¦R‡qi GK
bZzb †cÖiYvq D‡ØwjZ n‡q Bmjvwg mvgªvR¨‡K Avgy `wiqv †_‡K AvUjvw›UK DcK‚j ch©š— cÖmvwiZ K‡i|
DBwjqvg gyBi e‡jb, ÒGgbwK, Dg‡ii kvmbvgj ev` bv w`‡jI Ggb †Kvb Avgj wQj bv hLb Bmjvg
we‡`‡k GZUv m¤úªmvwiZ I msnwZ n‡qwQj|Ó

ga¨ Gwkqv weRq

Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m ivR¨ we¯—v‡ii w`K w`‡q cÖ_g Iqvwj‡`i kvmbKvj weL¨vZ| G kvmbvg‡j c~‡e© I cwð‡g
eû msL¨K weRq AwR©Z nq| c~e©w`‡K nv¾vR Be‡b BDmy‡di wb‡`©‡k ga¨ Gwkqv I wmÜz wewRZ nq|
BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-216
 Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm cÖ_g cÎ

ZzK©x‡`i evmf~wg UªvÝ Aw·qvbvq eû †QvU eo ivR¨ wQj| G‡`i g‡a¨ ejL, ZzLvwi¯—vb, †evLviv, diMvbv I
LvwiRg ivR¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨| ZzKx©iv we‡`ªvn K‡i me©`v gymjgvb‡`i Amyweav m„wó KiZ| G Amyweavi Rb¨
nv¾vR Be‡b BDmyd Bqvhx` web gynvj−ve‡K †mLvbKvi kvmbKZ©vi c` n‡Z AcmviY K‡i KzZvBev Be‡b
gymwjg‡K wbhy³ K‡ib| KzZvBev G KZ©e¨ cvj‡b †hvM¨Zvi cwiPq †`b| wZwb mgMÖ ga¨ Gwkqv‡K gymwjg
kvmb ej‡qi g‡a¨ Avbqb K‡ib| D‡j−L¨ †h, ivwkqvq Kgywb÷ wec−e msNwUZ nevi ci Kgywb÷iv ZzKx©¯—v‡bi
cÖvq Aa© WRb gymwjg ivR¨ `Lj K‡i †bq| mv‡eK †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi Aš—f©y³ H mKj GjvKv Ges
ivwkqvi Ab¨vb¨ A‡j eZ©gv‡b 5 †KvwUi AwaK gymjgvb Awaevmx i‡q‡Q| †mvwf‡qZ Avg‡j ivwkqvi
LwbR`ªe¨mn A‡bK g~j¨evb m¤ú` gymwjg GjvKv¸‡jv‡ZB Drcvw`Z nq|

ga¨ Gwkqvq KzZvBevi Awfhvb

KzZvBev cÖ_‡g (706 wLª) ejL I ZzLvwi¯—v‡bi w`‡K AMÖmi n‡jb| †mLvbKvi kvmKMY Zuvi ek¨Zv ¯^xKvi
K‡i Lwjdv‡K Ki w`‡Z ¯^xK…Z nq| AZtci wZwb †evLviv AvµgY K‡i cÖPÊ hy‡×i ci Zv `Lj K‡ib| 710
wLª÷v‡ã wZwb A·vm cvi n‡q LvwiR‡gi w`‡K AMÖmi nb| LvwiRg kvn gymjgvb‡`i m‡½ kvwš— cÖwZôv
K‡ib| B‡Zvg‡a¨ mgiK›` gymwjg kvmb †g‡b wb‡Z A¯^xKvi Kivq KzZvBev‡K †mLv‡b †cÖiY Kiv nq| wZwb
mgiK›` AvµgY K‡i Zv `Lj K‡ib| cieZx© `yB-wZb eQi KzZvBev †LvRv›` kvk I diMvbvi Ab¨vb¨ kni
`Lj K‡i Pxb mxgv‡š— †cŠu‡Qb| 714 wLª÷v‡ã wZwb Pxb ZzKx©¯—vb AvµgY K‡ib Ges KvkMo Rq K‡ib| wKš—z
Iqvwj‡`i g„Zz¨i msev` Zuvi weRq Awfhv‡b †Q` c‡o| Pxbv ZyKx©¯’v‡bi G gymwjg GjvKvwU GLb Px‡bi
Aaxb|

Avwd«Kv weRq
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wZwb †MŠiegq weRq AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| eve©viMY Zuvi c~e©eZx© kvmbKZ©v‡`i‡K h‡_ó Amyweavq †djZ| wZwb
Zv‡`i‡K civwRZ K‡i AvUjvw›UK gnvmvM‡ii c~e© DcK‚j ch©š— gymwjg kvmb AvwacZ¨ cybtcÖwZôv K‡ib|
AZci wZwb f‚-ga¨mvM‡i †Mvj‡hvM m„wóKvix †ivgvb‡`i wei“‡× Awfhvb Pvjvb| †bŠevwnbxi mvnv‡h¨ wZwb
†¯ú‡bi DcK‚jxq wgbK©v, †gRK©v, BfKv cÖf…wZ f‚-ga¨mvMixq Øxc¸‡jv `Lj K‡ib|

†¯úb weRq
Lwjdv Iqvwj‡`i kvmbvg‡j Gwkqv, BD‡ivc I Avwd«Kv gnv‡`‡ki eû ¯’vb gymwjg AwaKv‡i Av‡m| Zuvi
hy‡Mi weRq¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †¯úb weRq me©v‡c¶v D‡j−L‡hvM¨ NUbv|

gymwjg weR‡qi cÖv°v‡j †¯ú‡bi Ae¯’v

gymwjg weR‡qi c~‡e© †¯ú‡bi Ae¯’v wQj †kvPbxq| mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK †¶‡Î †¯ú‡b Pig
†`DwjqvZ¡ cÖKvk cvq| we‡kl K‡i Af¨š—ixY †Mvj‡hvM I lohš¿ wQj wbZ¨ ˆbwgwËK NUbv| G mgq mvgªvR¨
cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb ivRv iWvwiK| Zvi AZ¨vPv‡i mgMÖ AÂj wQj RR©wiZ| kZav wef³ wQj †¯ú‡bi
Awaevmx| ga¨weËiv wewfbœfv‡e wbh©vwZZ nZ| K…wlRxexiv Kifv‡i wbcxwoZ wQj| c¶vš—‡i D”P I myweav
†fvMx †kªYx‡K Kifvi n‡Z Ae¨vnwZ †`qv nZ| †Mvjvg †kªYxi we‡qi ¯^vaxbZv ch©š— wQj bv| gwbeiv Zv‡`i
Dci bvbvfv‡e wbh©vZb KiZ| wekciv AZ¨waK ¶gZv †fvM Ki‡Zv| Zviv Bû`x‡`i we‡q I ag© wek¦v‡mi
¯^vaxbZv Le© K‡iwQ‡jb| GgZve¯’vq ÎvYKZ©v wn‡m‡e gymjgvbiv †¯úb AvµgY K‡i Zv Rq K‡ib|

†¯úb weR‡qi KviY

1. †Rvic~e©K ¶gZv `Lj t †¯úb ivR¨ ZLb iWvwi‡Ki kvmbvaxb wQj| wZwb f‚Zc~e© ivRv DBwURv‡K nZ¨v
K‡i ¶gZvq Av‡ivnb K‡iwQ‡jb| ivRv DBwURv KZ©„K wbhy³ wmDUvi kvmbKZ©v KvDÈ Rywjqvb ivRv
iWvwi‡Ki A‰ea kvm‡bi Kej †_‡K gyw³ Kvgbv K‡i Lwjdv Iqvwj‡`i wb‡qvMK…Z Avwd«Kvi Mfb©i g~mvi KvQ
mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv K‡ib|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-217

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2. AZ¨vPvix kvmK t iWvwiK wQ‡jb AZ¨vPvix kvmK| wZwb ˆ¯^ivPvix g‡bvfve †cvlY K‡i hv‡K Lykx Zv‡K
kvw¯— cÖ`vb Ki‡Z KzwÉZ n‡Zb bv| Zvi AZ¨vPv‡i RbMY AZxó n‡q c‡owQj|
3. Amr ¯^fv‡ei cwil` t iWvwiK wb‡R †Zv Amr ¯^fv‡ei wQ‡jb, GgbwK Zv‡K wN‡i Zvi cwil`, mfvm‡`i
cÖvq mKj m`m¨ wQ‡jv Amr ¯^fv‡ei| d‡j ivR¨ cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z iWvwiK Zv‡`i cÖfv‡e cÖfvevwb¦Z
n‡qwQ‡jb| G‡Z iv‡R¨i †gi“`Ê †f‡O wM‡qwQj| G my‡hv‡M gymjgvbiv nvgjv Pvjvq|
4. †d¬vwiÛvi Aegvbbv t ivR `iev‡ii wbqg-Kvbyb wk¶vi Rb¨ KvD›U Rywjqvb Zuvi Kb¨v †d¬vwiÛv‡K ivRv
iWvwiK‡`i `iev‡i †cÖiY Ki‡j iWvwiK Zvi k−xjZvnvwb K‡i| G Aegvbbvi cÖwZ‡kva MÖnY Ges iWvwiK‡K
Zvi ivR¨ n‡Z weZvwoZ Kivi Rb¨ Rywjqvb f‚-ga¨mvMixq DcK‚‡ji kvmbKZ©v gymv web bymvBi‡K †¯úb
AvµgY Ki‡Z Avnevb Ki‡jb|

hy‡×i NUbv
gymv web bymvBi Lwjdv Iqvwj‡`i AbygwZµ‡g †mbvcwZ ZvwiK-web-whqv`‡K 712 wLª †¯úb weR‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨
†cÖiY K‡ib| †mbvcwZ ZvwiK 7,000 ˆmb¨mn †¯ú‡bi †gvWwbqv-wm‡Wvwbqvi wbKUeZx© IqvWv‡jU b`xi Zx‡i
iWvwi‡Ki †gvKvwejv K‡ib| G hy‡× iWvwiK civRq eiY K‡i Ges cjvqbKv‡j b`xM‡f© Wz‡e hvb| Gici
ZvwiK G‡K G‡K wm‡Wvwbqv, Kvi‡gvbv I MÖvbvWv Rq K‡ib| K‡W©vfv R‡qi ci wZwb †¯ú‡bi ivRavbx U‡j‡Wv
Mgb K‡ib| Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨B wZwb †¯ú‡bi AwaKvsk GjvKv `Lj K‡ib| AZtci gymvI 712 mv‡ji Ryb
gv‡m †¯ú‡b Mgb K‡ib Ges Lye `ª“Z †mwfj I Ab¨vb¨ kni Rq K‡ib| gymv GK ch©v‡q Zvwi‡Ki mv‡_ GKÎ
n‡q mvi †Mvmv, †Uiv‡Mvbv I evwm©‡jvbv `Lj K‡ib| gymv AviI AMÖmi n‡q mgMÖ BD‡ivc Rq Ki‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jb| wKš—z Lwjdv Iqvwj‡`i wbKU †_‡K ivRavbx‡Z wd‡i Avmvi Rb¨ wb‡`©k †c‡q wZwb Zv Ki‡Z
cvi‡jb bv|

†¯úb weR‡qi djvdj

1. bZzb hy‡Mi m~Pbv t gymwjg evwnbx KZ©„K †¯úb weR‡qi d‡j GK be hy‡Mi m~Pbv nq| AZ¨vPvix kvm‡Ki
Aemvb NwU‡q cÖwZwôZ nq b¨v‡qi kvmb| G‡Z RbM‡Yi Rvb-gv‡ji wbivcËv wbwðZ nq|
2. mvgvwRK mvg¨ cÖwZôv t †¯úb weR‡qi d‡j mvgvwRK Amvg¨ c`gh©v`vi ˆelg¨ `~ixf‚Z nq| abx-`wi‡`ªi
g‡a¨ wekvj cv_©K¨ K‡g mggh©v`vi AwaKvi cÖwZwôZ nq| ga¨weË †kªYxi Dci †h ai‡bi K‡ii †evSv cÖPwjZ
wQj G‡`i RxebhvÎvi cÖwZ j¶¨ †i‡L Kifvi n«vm Kiv nq|
3. agx©q ¯^vaxbZv cÖ`vb t †¯úb wewRZ nIqvi ci †mLv‡b c~Y© agx©q ¯^vaxbZv wbwðZiƒ‡c cÖwZwôZ nq| Bû`x
I wLª÷vbiv ¯^vaxbfv‡e agx©q AvPvi-AvPiY cvjb Kivi my‡hvM cvq| †h †Kvb m¤úª`v‡qi cÖ‡Z¨K bi-bvix
A_ev wkï Aev‡a Dcvmbv Ki‡Z cviZ|
4. K…wl I e¨emv-evwY‡R¨ Drmvn `vb t gymjgvbiv †¯úb weRq K‡i †mLv‡b RxebhvÎvi gvb Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨
K…wl-e¨e¯’vi Avg~j cwieZ©b K‡ib Ges RbZv‡K e¨emv-evwY‡R¨i Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡ib|
5. wk¶v-ms¯‹…wZ, Kjv I weÁv‡bi DrKl© mvab t †¯úb weR‡qi d‡j wk¶v-ms¯‹…wZ weKvk jvf K‡i| wewkó
wk¶vwe`MY‡K M‡elYv I Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R myweav †`qv nZ| wk¶v cÖmv‡i ¯‹zj, K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZôv K‡i
gymjgvbiv L¨vwZ AR©b K‡iwQj| Kjv I weÁv‡bi weKv‡kI gymjgvbiv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvj‡b m¶g
n‡qwQj|
gymjgvbMY †¯úb weRq K‡i GZ`‡j gymwjg kvm‡bi fxZ †hfv‡e ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb Zv BwZnv‡m ¯§iYxq
n‡q Av‡Q| gvÎ K‡qK nvRvi ˆmb¨ wb‡q gymwjg †mbvcwZi j¶vwaK ˆm‡b¨i †gvKvwejvq Amxg mvnwmKZv,
`„pZv I Abp g‡bve‡ji Kvi‡YB weRq Z¡ivwb¦Z nq| G weR‡qi d‡j mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© †¯ú‡b bZzb cÖvY
mÂvwiZ nq| †¯ú‡b gymwjg kvm‡bi mvdj¨ m¤ú‡K© HwZnvwmK †WvRx gš—e¨ K‡ib, ÒgyiMY K‡W©vfvq
we¯§qKi ivR¨ msMVb K‡i G‡K ga¨hy‡Mi we¯§‡q cwiYZ K‡ib Ges mgMÖ BD‡ivc hLb ee©‡ivwPZ AÁZv I
Kj‡n wbgw¾Z, ZLb K‡W©vfv `ywbqvi mvg‡b wk¶v I mf¨Zvi D¾¡j gkvj enb K‡i Av‡b|Ó

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-218

 Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm cÖ_g cÎ

wmÜz weRq
Aóg kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡a© Avie‡`i Z_v gynv¤§` web Kvwk‡gi wmÜz weRq fviZel© Ges Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m GK
¸i“Z¡c~Y© NUbv| nhiZ Dgi (iv) Ges nhiZ Dmgv‡bi (iv) mgq †_‡K fviZe‡l© gymwjg Awfhvb †cÖi‡Yi
cwiKíbv I c`‡¶c MÖnY ïi“ n‡jI gnvb DgvBqv kvmK Lwjdv Avj Iqvwj‡`i ivRZ¡Kv‡j gynv¤§` web
Kvwk‡gi wmÜz R‡qi ga¨ w`‡q Zv c~Y©Zv jvf K‡i| wmÜz Awfhv‡bi †cQ‡b we`¨gvb c‡iv¶ I cÖZ¨¶
KviYmg~n wbæiƒc t
1. fviZe‡l©i cÖwZ Avie‡`i AvKl©Y t myRjv-mydjv, km¨-k¨vgjv m¤ú`kvjx fviZe‡l©i K_v Avie‡`i
ARvbv wQj bv| ¯^fveZB Giƒc †`‡ki cÖwZ Avie kvmK‡`i cÖPÊ †KŠZznj I AvKl©Y wQj| Avi AvKl©Y wQj
e‡jB wmÜz weR‡qi cUf‚wg iwPZ n‡qwQj|
2. mvgªvR¨ m¤úªmviY bxwZ t DgvBqv LwjdvMY we‡klZ Lwjdv Avj Iqvwj` ivR¨ we¯—vi bxwZ‡Z wek¦vmx
wQ‡jb| Zuvi mvgªvR¨ m¤úªmviY bxwZi ev¯—e dj wQj gynv¤§` web Kvwk‡gi wmÜz Awfhvb|
3. A_©‰bwZK KviY t DgvBqv mvgªv‡R¨i A_©‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv eRvq ivLv Ges Pvwn`v cyi‡Yi cÖ‡qvR‡b wmÜz
Awfhvb AZ¨vek¨Kxq wQj e‡j †Kvb †Kvb HwZnvwmK g‡b K‡ib|
4. Aiw¶Z mxgvš— Ges mxgvš— we‡iva t †ejywP¯—v‡bi cwðgvÂj †gKivb gymwjg AwaKv‡i Avm‡j gymwjg
ivR¨mxgv ivRv `vwn‡ii ivR¨mxgvi mwbœKUeZx© nq| d‡j mxgvš— we‡iva ïi“ nq|
5. `vwni KZ©„K we‡`ªvnx‡`i Avkªq `vb t †ekwKQy BivKx we‡`ªvnx ivRv `vwn‡ii Avkªq MÖnY Ki‡j Biv‡Ki
kvmbKZ©v nv¾vR web BDmyd Zv‡`i †dir cvVvevi `vwe Rvbvb| wKš—z wmÜzivR we‡`ªvnx‡`i †dir cvVv‡Z
A¯^xKvi Ki‡j nv¾vR ¶zä n‡q ivRv `vwni‡K mgywPZ wk¶v †`qvi wm×vš— MÖnY K‡ib|
6. wmÜz Rj`my¨ KZ©„K RvnvR jyÉb t DgvBqv kvm‡Ki cÖwZ ï‡f”Qvi wb`k©b ¯^iƒc wmsnj ivR †cÖwiZ AvUwU
g~j¨evb Dc‡XŠKbc~Y© RvnvR †`ej I †gKivb DcK‚‡j wmÜzi Rj`my¨ KZ©„K jywÉZ nIqv wQj wmÜz Awfhv‡bi
cÖZ¨¶ KviY| nv¾vR D³ NUbvi cÖwZKvi `vwe Ki‡j ivRv `vwni Zv †KŠk‡j Gwo‡q hvb| G‡Z nv¾vR
ivMvwb¦Z n‡q Lwjdv Avj-Iqvwj‡`i AbygwZµ‡g ivRv `vwn‡ii wei“‡× mvgwiK Awfhvb †cÖiY K‡ib|
Devq`yj−vn Ges ey`v‡q‡ji †bZ…‡Z¡ cÖv_wgK `y'wU Awfhvb e¨_© n‡j wmÜz Awfhv‡bi P~ovš— †bZ…Z¡ `vb K‡ib exi
†mbvbx gynv¤§` web Kvwkg|

NUbv cÖevn
gynv¤§` web Kvwkg cÖvq c‡bi nvRvi ˆmb¨ wb‡q ivq I wmivR n‡q †gKiv‡b Dcw¯’Z nb| †gKiv‡bi kvmbKZ©v
gynv¤§` nvi“b Zuv‡K im`, A¯¿k¯¿ I `yM© aŸs‡mi miÄvg w`‡q mvnvh¨ K‡ib| G mgq AZ¨vPvwiZ RvV I †gV
m¤úª`v‡qi †jvKRb Kvwk‡gi m‡½ †hvM`vb K‡i| gynv¤§` web Kvwkg 712 mv‡j exi-weµ‡g hy× K‡i †`ej
e›`i Ges Zrci AwZ mn‡R wbi“b, wmIqvb I wmmvg AwaKvi K‡ib|

AZtci wmÜz b`x AwZµg K‡i gynv¤§` web Kvwkg ivIqv‡ii wbKU GK i³¶qx hy‡× ivRv `vwni‡K civwRZ
I wbnZ K‡ib| ivRv `vwn‡ii g„Zz¨i ci Zvi cZœx ivYx evC Ges cyÎ Rqwmsn ivIqvi `y‡M© Avkªq MÖnY K‡i
Zv i¶vi e¨_© †Póv K‡ib| Ae‡k‡l ivbx evBP AwMœKz‡Ê Suvc w`‡q AvÍ
nZ¨v K‡ib| ivIqvi `yM© R‡qi ci
gynv¤§` web Kvwkg eªvþYvev`, Av‡jvi Ges 713 mv‡j gyjZvb AwaKvi K‡ib| gyjZvb wewRZ n‡j gynv¤§`
web Kvwk‡gi wmÜz Awfhv‡bi mdj cwimgvwß N‡U|

djvdj
†÷bjx †jbcyj Avie‡`i wmÜz weRq‡K wbõj DcvL¨vbiƒ‡c eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Zvi G gZvgZ ivR‰bwZK w`K
†_‡K MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡jI mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK, agx©q I mvs¯‹…wZK w`K †_‡K MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| wmÜz weR‡qi
ivR‰bwZK ¸i“Z¡ my`~i cÖmvix wQj bv| KviY Avie‡`i ivR‰bwZK weRq †Kej wmÜz I gyjZv‡bi g‡a¨B
mxgve× wQj|
A_©‰bwZK t wmÜz I gyjZv‡b gymwjg kvmb cÖwZwôZ n‡j `w¶Y I c~e© Gwkqvi DcK‚‡j Avie‡`i mvgyw`ªK
evwYR¨ my`~icÖmvix nq|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-219

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

mvgvwRK I agx©q t mvgvwRK Ges agx©q ˆelg¨ I AZ¨vPvi-AwePvi `~ixf‚Z nq| ivR¯^ bxwZ I Ki cÖ`v‡bi
†¶‡Î BZc~‡e© †h ˆelg¨ wQj Zv Zz‡j †`qv nq| wbæ‡kªYxi wn›`y m¤úª`vq mvgvwRK gh©v`v jvf K‡i| Bmjvg
ag© Ges gymjgvb‡`i D`vi ixwZbxwZ, Av`k© I agx©q AvPvi-Abyôvb Øviv ¯’vbxq RbMY Mfxifv‡e cÖfvweZ
n‡qwQj| Avi G Rb¨B Zviv e¨vcKfv‡e ag©vš—wiZ nq| d‡j G A‡j `ª“Z gymwjg mgvR KvVv‡gv M‡o D‡V|
Rbg½jKi Avie kvm‡b wmÜz I gyjZvb GjvKvq kvwš—-k„´Ljv cÖwZwôZ nq Ges wn›`y-gymwjg mg‡SvZv I
mnve¯’v‡bi gva¨‡g bZzb K…wói D‡b¥l N‡U|
mvs¯‹…wZK djvdj t Avie‡`i wmÜz weR‡qi mvs¯‹…wZK djvdj wQj my`~icÖmvix| `ywU wfbœgyLx ag© I mf¨Zv
G‡K Ac‡ii ms¯ú‡k© Avmvi d‡j cvi¯úwiK fve wewbg‡qi my‡hvM nq| gymjgvbMY †hgb fviZxq Ávb-
weÁvb, wkí-mvwnZ¨, ag©-m½xZ, wPÎKjv, BwZnvm, `k©b cÖf…wZ m¤ú‡K© Mfxifv‡e Rvbvi my‡hvM cvq †Zgwb
fviZxqMYI gymwjg ms¯‹…wZ-mf¨Zv m¤ú‡K© ÁvbvR©‡bi AeKvk cvq| AviexqMY fviZxq mf¨Zvi eû Dcv`vb
Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡qwQj| Gi my`~icÖmvix djvdj‡K D‡c¶v Kiv hvq bv|
fviZel© I Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m gynv¤§` web Kvwk‡gi wmÜz weRq Ges Zvi djvdj wQj AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡cyY© I
Zvrch©en| wmÜz weRq DcvL¨vb ev djvdjnxb wQj bv| Gi ivR‰bwZK djvdj my`~icÖmvix bv n‡jI
mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK, agx©q I mvs¯‹…wZK djvdj wQj LyeB Zvrch©en|

mvi-ms‡¶c
Lwjdv Iqvwj` Zuvi wcZv Ave`yj gvwj‡Ki g„Zz¨i ci wnRwi 86 A_©vr 705 wLª÷v‡ã `v‡gk‡Ki wmsnvm‡b
Av‡ivnb K‡ib| Zuvi `k eQ‡ii kvmbKvj Zzjbvg~jK kvwš—c~Y© wQj| Zuvi kvmbvgj gymwjg mvgªvR¨ me©vwaK
we¯—vi jvf K‡i| †gŠwjKZvi w`K w`‡q Iqvwj‡`i wcZv Ave`yj gvwjK †kªô n‡jI wZwb wQ‡jb bvbv w`K w`‡q
KxwZ©gvb| Zuvi kvmb e¨e¯’v †`k we‡`‡k †MŠie AR©b K‡iwQj| Iqvwj` wkqv I LvwiRx‡`i we‡`ªvn `gb
K‡ib Ges Zuvi kvm‡b †MvôxKjn `~ixf‚Z nq| GB mgq bvbv AÂj Rq Kiv nq| †evLviv, mgiK›`, wmÜz,
Avwd«Kv I †¯úb gymwjg AvwacZ¨vax‡b Av‡m| Iqvwj‡`i mvgªvR¨ Pxb mxgvš— n‡Z we‡¯‹ DcmvMi Ges Divj
mvMi n‡Z ¸RivU I gy¤^vB ch©š— cÖmvi jvf K‡i| Iqvwj‡`i ivRZ¡ Kv‡j f‚-ga¨mvM‡i gymwjg †bŠevwnbxi
cÖvavb¨ j¶ Kiv hvq, †kªô kvmK I we‡RZv wn‡m‡e Lwjdv Iqvwj‡`i bvg Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m ¯^Y©v¶‡i wjwLZ
_vK‡e|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 7.7
K. k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki“b t
1. Lwjdv Iqvwj` wQ‡jb Lwjdv ________ eo †Q‡j|
2. wcZv Zuv‡K cieZx© ________ g‡bvbqb K‡i hvb|
3. wcZvi g„Zz¨i ci ________ wLª÷v‡ã ________ wmsnvm‡b AwawôZ nb|
4. wZwb ________ wnRwi‡Z ________ Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
5. wk¶v-`x¶v‡Z ________ wQ‡jb| wb‡f©Rvj Avie kvmK GB ev`kv ï× ________ ch©š— ej‡Z
cvi‡Zb bv|
6. Z‡e kvm‡bi wbqg-Kvbyb m¤úK© m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c ________ wQ‡jb|
L. mZ¨-wg_¨v wbY©q Ki“b?
1. Lwjdv Iqvwj` 10 eQi Kvj ivRZ¡ K‡ib|
2. gynv¤§` web Kvwmg ga¨ Gwkqvq Awfhvb Pvjvb|
3. KzZvBev Pxb Awfhvb Pvwj‡q KvkMo Rq K‡ib|
4. gymv web bymvBi †¯úb weRq K‡ib|
5. ZvwiK web whqv` Iqvwj‡`i GKRb †mbvcwZ wQ‡jb|

msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ
1. Lwjdv Iqvwj‡`i cwiPq I cÖv_wgK Kvh©vejxi weeiY w`b|
2. ga¨ Gwkqv weR‡qi Kvwnbx wjLyb|
3. †¯úb weR‡qi mvi msw¶ß UxKv wjLyb|
4. Iqvwj‡`i mg‡q wmÜz weR‡qi msw¶ß eY©bv w`b|
5. Iqvwj‡`i DËi Avwd«Kvq ivR¨we¯—v‡ii wel‡q GKwU wK UxKv wjLyb|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-220

 Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm cÖ_g cÎ

cvV 8 Lwjdv Iqvwj‡`i PwiÎ I K…wZZ¡

D‡Ïk¨
 G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-


Lwjdv Iqvwj‡`i K…wZZ¡ we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
Iqvwj‡`i PwiÎ wbiƒcY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
 Iqvwj‡`i K…wZZ¡ I Pwi‡Îi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
K…wZZ¡
DgvBqv Lwjdv cÖ_g Iqvwj` web Avãyj gvwjK wQ‡jb me©Kv‡ji me©‡kªô we‡RZv‡`i Ab¨Zg| Lwjdv Avãyj
gvwj‡Ki wZ‡ivav‡bi ci ¯^xq cyÎ Iqvwj` 705 wLª÷v‡ã Bmjvwg mvgªv‡R¨i Lwjdv c‡` AwawôZ nb| Zuvi
my`xN© `k eQ‡ii ivRZ¡Kv‡j (705-715) Bmjvwg mvgªvR¨ me©vwaK we¯—vi jvf K‡i| wZwb my‡hvM¨ wcZv
Avãyj gvwj‡Ki my‡hvM¨ DËim~ix wQ‡jb| Iqvwj` wb‡R eo iK‡gi †hv×v ev mgiKzkjx bv n‡jI
†mŠfvM¨µ‡g wZwb nv¾vR Beb BDmyd, KzZvBev Beb gymwjg, gynv¤§` Beb Kvwmg, gymv Beb gymvBi, ZvwiK
Beb whqv` cÖgyL wek¦wekª“Z iYwe` exi †mbvcwZM‡Yi mnvqZv jvf K‡ib| G mKj AwgZ †ZRx exi
†mbvcwZ‡`i †kŠh©exh© I mywbcyY iY‡KŠk‡j Gwkqv, BD‡ivc, Avwd«Kv gnv‡`‡ki we¯—xY© f‚-fv‡M Bmjvwg
cZvKv D‡ËvwjZ nq| Bmjvwg mvgªv‡R¨i we¯—„wZi BwZnv‡m Iqvwj‡`i kvmbvgj ¯^Y©hyM wn‡m‡e wPi¯§iYxq n‡q
i‡q‡Q| ïay we‡RZv wn‡m‡eB bq GKRb mykvmK, kvwš—-msnwZ cÖwZôvZv I mf¨Zv-ms¯‹…wZi wbg©vZv wn‡m‡eI
Iqvwj` BwZnv‡m bw›`Z n‡q Avm‡Qb|
mgMÖ gymwjg Rvnv‡bi Ab¨Zg †kªô Lwjdv
Iqvwj` wQ‡jb gymwjg Rvnv‡bi †kªô kvmK‡`i Ab¨Zg| Mxeb Zuv‡K ZrKvjxb we‡k¦i me©‡kªô mgªvU Ges
BD‡gj Zuv‡K Avwgi“j †gvwgbxb‡`i g‡a¨ me©v‡c¶v kw³kvjx I †hvM¨Zg kvmK wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb|
wZwb wbtm‡›`‡n Zuvi wcZv Ave`yj gvwj‡Ki †hvM¨Zg mš—vb| †gŠwjKZvi w`K w`‡q Ave`yj gvwjK cyÎ A‡c¶v
†kªô n‡jI Iqvwj` bvbv w`K w`‡q wcZv‡K AwZµg K‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi kvmb e¨e¯’v †`k-we‡`‡k †MŠie
AR©b K‡iwQj| Iqvwj` nhiZ Avjx (iv)-Gi mg_©K Ges wkqv I LvwiRx‡`i we‡`ªvn `gb K‡ib Ges Zuvi
kvm‡b †MvôxKjn `~ixf‚Z nq|
¶gZvq e‡m wZwb wcZvi Av`k© I ˆe‡`wkK bxwZ AbymiY K‡iwQ‡jb| nv¾vR web BDmyd I Dgi web
Ave`yj Avhxh‡K wZwb h_vµ‡g DgvBqv mvgªv‡R¨i c~e©v‡ji Ges Avi‡ei kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K
KzZvBev web gymwjg‡K wZwb Lyivmv‡bi cÖkvmK wbhy³ K‡ib| wZwb K‡Vvi n‡¯— gy`vixq Ges wngvixq Ø›`¡‡K
wbqš¿Y Ges wkqv I LvwiRx we‡`ªvn `gb K‡i †`‡k c~Y© kvwš—-k„´Ljv ¯’vcb K‡ib|
me©‡kªô we‡RZv t Avj-Iqvwj` mgmvgwqK Kv‡ji me©‡kªô we‡RZv wQ‡jb| AwZ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ wZwb
fviZe‡l©i wmÜz, gyjZvb, DËi Avwd«Kv, ga¨ Gwkqv, †¯úb, cZz©Mvj cÖf…wZ †`k Rq K‡ib| Zvi mvgªvR¨
AvUjvw›UK n‡Z wc‡ibxR Ges fvi‡Zi wmÜz-gyjZvb n‡Z Pxb mxgvš— ch©š— we¯—vi jvf K‡iwQj| GB mywekvj
mvgªvR¨‡K wZwb mymsnZ K‡i K…wZ‡Z¡i cwiPq †`b| we‡RZv wn‡m‡e Zuvi bvg Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m wPiw`b
¯^Y©v¶‡i †jLv _vK‡e|
wbg©vZv t wZwb ¯’vcZ¨ wk‡íi c„ô‡cvlK wQ‡jb| Zuvi kvmbvg‡j wZwb †`‡k AmsL¨ cÖvmv`, AÆvwjKv, †mŠa
Ges gmwR` wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb| g°v-g`xbvi gmwR`¸‡jv‡K cÖk¯—, my‡kvwfZ Ges `v‡g‡¯‹i weL¨vZ RygÔAv
gmwR` wbg©vY K‡i wZwb L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib|
RbwnZKi Kvh©vejx t wZwb mvgªv‡R¨i me©Î iv¯—vNvU, cvwb cv‡bi Rb¨ K‚c Lbb, wk¶vi Rb¨ we`¨vjq Ges
wPwKrmvi myweav‡_© nvmcvZvj wbg©vY K‡ib| wZwb `ye©j, A¶g I wbt¯^ e¨w³‡`i evBZzj gvj n‡Z wbw`©ó nv‡i
fvZv cÖ`v‡biI e¨e¯’v K‡ib| Avkªg cÖwZôv K‡i wZwb †mLv‡b AÜ, c½y I Db¥v`‡`i _vKv, LvIqv, wPwKrmvi
mye¨e¯’v K‡ib| GwZg †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i Rb¨ wZwb GwZgLvbv ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi RbwnZKi Kvh©vejx Aek¨B
cÖksmv I K…wZ‡Z¡i `vex`vi| wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨vw`i g~j¨ wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v ZviB Avwe®‹vi|
wk¶v, wkí I mvwn‡Z¨i c„ô‡cvlK t DgvBqv kvmK‡`i g‡a¨ wZwbB me©cÖ_g wk¶v, wkí I mvwn‡Z¨i
c„ô‡cvlKZv ïi“ K‡ib| Lwjdv ¯^qs Kwe I Kve¨wcÖq †jvK wQ‡jb| wZwb m½xZvbyivMx wQ‡jb| Zuvi kvmbvg‡j
K‚dv I emiv Ávb-weÁv‡bi PP©v Ges KziAvb-nv`xm Av‡jvPbvi †K‡›`ª cwiYZ nq| Zuvi mgq GKwU A™¢yZ
ˆeÁvwbK NwoI Avwe®‹…Z n‡qwQj| eû L¨vZbvgv wkíx, mvwnwZ¨K I m½xZÁ Zuvi `ievi AjsK…Z K‡iwQ‡jb|
Zuvi mg‡q g°vq KvM‡Ri KviLvbv cÖwZwôZ nq Ges †¯ú‡b wj‡bb †_‡K KvMR Drcbœ n‡Z _v‡K|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-221

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

†bŠ-en‡ii DbœwZ t wZwb GKRb †kªô mvgwiK msMVK wQ‡jb| ¯’jevwnbxi cvkvcvwk wZwb †bŠ-evwnbxiI Pig
DbœwZ mvab K‡ib| kw³kvjx †bŠ-en‡ii mnvqZvq wZwb †bŠ-c‡_ †ivgvb Avµg‡Yi nvZ †_‡K mvgªv‡R¨i
wbivcËv weavb K‡iwQ‡jb|
Iqvwj‡`i kvmbvg‡j ch©UK, c_Pvwi I cw_K‡`i mdi wbivc` wQj| Zuvi kvmbKvj wQj kvwš—c~Y© I mg„×|
cÖ_g n‡Z †kl ch©š— wePvi Ki‡j wbtm‡›`‡n ejv hvq †h, Iqvwj‡`i ivRZ¡Kvj wLjvdZ hy‡Mi ci Ab¨vb¨
kvmK‡`i Zzjbvq AwaKZi †MŠiegq I ¯§iYxq|

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cv‡VvËi gyj¨vqb t 7.8

wgj Ki“b
1. Lwjdv Iqvwj‡`i wcZv 1. gyn¤§` web Kvwmg
2. Avwd«Kv weRqx †mbvcwZ 2. Mfb©i I we‡RZv
3. wmÜz weRqx †mbvcwZ 3. †d¬vwiÛv
4. nv¾vR web BDmyd 4. ZvwiK web whqv`
5. †¯úb weRqx †mbvcwZ 5. KzZvBev-web-gymwjg
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7. KvD›U Rywjqv‡bi Kb¨v 8. gymv web bymvBi

msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ
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2. Lwjdv Iqvwj‡`i PwiÎ eY©Yv Ki“b|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-222

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cvi‡eb
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Ges ÒcÂg LwjdvÓ ejv nq|

wLjvdZ jvf
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Avf¨š—ixY kvmb bxwZ

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BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-223
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Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhxh wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h, we‡f` bxwZ Øviv wLjvd‡Zi g½j n‡Z cv‡i bv| mgv‡R mKj
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Avie‡`i mgch©v‡q DbœxZ Kiv nq|

Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhxh ivóªxq e¨e¯’v‡K c~Y© BmjvwgKi‡Y wbijm KvR K‡ib| AbyMZ msL¨vjNy‡`i †gŠwjK
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ivR¯^ bxwZ
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K‡ib| Dgi wb‡`©k †`b †h hw` †Kvb Agymjgvb Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i Z‡e Zvi Rwg Zvi MÖv‡gi †Kvb Agymjgvb
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agx©q bxwZ
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BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-224

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ˆe‡`wkK bxwZ
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†mbvcwZZ¡ MÖnY K‡i Avie evwnbx‡K †¯úb mxgv‡š— wd‡i Av‡bb|

Dgi Beb Ave`yj Avhx‡hi ms¯‹vi

Lyjvdv‡q ivwk`v cybtcÖwZôv t Dgi Beb Ave`yj Avhxh 710 mv‡j eskvbyµg avivi ivRZ‡š¿i wfwËi Dci
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Bmjvwg kixÔAv‡Zi cÖwZôv t Dgi Beb Ave`yj Avhxh wLjvd‡Zi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY Kivi ci ciB cwic~Y© Bmjvwg
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Avie-Abvie ˆelg¨ `~i t Bmjvwg mvgªv‡R¨i eywbqv`‡K mymsnZ Kivi j‡¶¨ Avie-Abvie gymjgvb‡`i
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mKj‡K mgvbfv‡e ivRKv‡h© AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM cÖ`vb K‡ib|

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LvwiRx‡`i cÖwZ D`viZv t nhiZ wØZxq Dgi DgvBqv‡`i `ykgb LvwiRx‡`i cÖwZI D`vi g‡bvfve cÖ`k©b
K‡ib| Zuvi D`vi g‡bvfv‡ei `i“b Zuvi wLjvdZvg‡j Avie I Avwd«Kvi LvwiRxiv †Kvb cÖKvi we‡`ªvn K‡iwb|
LvwiRxiv Zuvi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ cÖ`k©b K‡ib| D‡j−L¨ †h, LvwiRxiv DgvBqv es‡ki GKgvÎ Dgi Beb Ave`yj
Avhxh‡KB ˆea Lwjdv e‡j ¯^xKvi K‡ib|

gvIqvjx‡`i Ae¯’vi Dbœqb t gvIqvjx ejv nq †m mKj †jvK‡`i‡K hviv µxZ`vm wn‡m‡e gymjgvb‡`i
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Kiv m‡Ë¡I G hveZ Zv‡`i‡K †Zgb †Kvb AwaKvi jvf I †fvM Ki‡Z †`qv nZ bv| wZwb Aviexq‡`i gZ
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Bmjv‡gi m¤úªmviY t mvgªv‡R¨i m¤úªmviY A‡c¶v Bmjv‡gi m¤úªmvi‡Y Lwjdv Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhxh
AwaKZi AvMÖnx wQ‡jb| wZwb †NvlYv K‡ib, †h Bmjvg ag© MÖnY K‡i‡Q †m wRwhqv Ki cÖ`vb n‡Z gyw³ cv‡e
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Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhxh wb‡R kixq‡Zi LuvwU Abymvix wQ‡jb| wZwb PvB‡Zb †hb mKj gymjgvb kixq‡Zi
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kvmK‡`i Kv‡Ri Z`viKx

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nv`xmkv¯¿ msKjb t gnvbexi (m) nv`xmkv¯¿ msKjb Lwjdv ÔDgi Be‡b Avãyj Avhx‡hi me‡P‡q eo Ges
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nv`xm AvR wbf©yjfv‡e Avgiv †c‡qwQ|

RbKj¨vY I wLjvd‡Zi mg„w× t nhiZ Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhxh Zuvi ¯^í cwim‡ii wLjvdZKv‡j Bmjvwg
mvgªvR¨ Ges bvMwiKMY mg„× n‡q D‡VwQj| wZwb bvMwiK‡`i ˆbwZK ms‡kvab I ms¯‹v‡ii Kv‡R nvZ †`b,
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mvi-ms‡¶c
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cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 7.9

GK K_vq DËi w`b-
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2. Zuv‡K wØZxq Dgi ejv nq †Kb?
3. Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi cÂg Lwjdv Kv‡K g‡b Kiv nq? †Kb?
4. wZwb ˆ`wbK KZ LiP K‡i Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Zb?
5. nv‡kgx‡`i cÖwZ Zuvi bxwZ †Kgb wQj?
6. LvwiRx‡`i cÖwZ Zuvi bxwZ wK wQj?
7. gvIqvjx Kviv?
8. evBZzj gv‡ji e¨vcv‡i Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhx‡hi †NvlYv wK wQj?
9. †Kvb kv¯¿ msKj‡b Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhx‡hi me‡P‡q eo K…wZ‡Z¡i cwiPq w`b|
10. DgvBqv‡`i g‡a¨ †Kvb Lwjdv kixAv‡Zi c~Y© cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb?

msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ
1. nhiZ Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhx‡hi cwiPq w`b Ges Zuvi wLjvdZ jvf eY©bv w`b|
2. Lwjdv Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhx‡hi Af¨š—ixY kvmb bxwZ eY©bv Ki“b|
3. wØZxq Dg‡ii ivR¯^ bxwZ †Kgb wQj?
4. Zuvi agx©q bxwZ e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
5. Dgi Rxe‡b Ave`yj Avhx‡hi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ ms¯‹vi mg~n we‡k−lY Ki“b|

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cvV 10 Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhx‡hi PwiÎ

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Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhxh DgvBqv‡`i cZ‡bi Rb¨ †h `vqx bq Zv wbiƒcY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

b¨vqwbôv
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iv‡k`x‡bi Avg‡j Avwef©~Z n‡j AwaK †kvfbxq nZ|

Av`k©evb
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ivRKxq Avo¤^i I RuvKRgK cwinvi K‡i Pj‡Zb Ges miKvwi Ak¦kvjvi mg¯— Ak¦ wbjv‡g weµq K‡i
weµqj× A_© evBZzj gv‡j Rgv K‡ib| wZwb ˆ`wbK e¨‡qi Rb¨ gvÎ `y w`invg evBZzj gvj n‡Z MÖnY
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Mfxi cvwʇZ¨i AwaKvix

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bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K|

D`viZv
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Lwjdv Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhx‡hi j¶¨ wQj|

cÖRvermj
Zuvi Avg‡j K…wl I e¨emvq-evwY‡R¨i h‡_ó DbœwZ nq| cw_K I n¾ hvÎx‡`i myweavi Rb¨ mviv‡`‡k eû
mivBLvbv wZwb wbg©vY K‡ib| Zuvi mg‡q cÖRvMY GZ my‡L kvwš—‡Z emevm KiZ †h hvKvZ †bqvi gZ Mixe
Lyu‡R cvIqv KóKi wQj| Z‡e gvÎ AvovB eQ‡ii wLjvdZKv‡j wZwb Zuvi mg¯— cwiKíbv ev¯—e iƒc cÖ`vb
K‡i †h‡Z cv‡ibwb|

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mZ¨evw`Zv t Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhxh ej‡Zb, hLb Avwg Rvb‡Z cvijvg, wg_¨v ejv cvc, ZLb n‡Z Avwg
KLbI wg_¨v ewjwb| Inve Be‡b gybevn e‡jb, hw` GB D¤§‡Zi †Kvb †gn`x n‡Zb, Z‡e Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj
AvhxhB n‡Zb|
Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m Zuv‡K cÂg Lwjdv ejv nq †Kb?
Lwjdv Dgi Be‡b Avhxh‡K Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m Lyjvdv‡q ivwk`vi cÂg Lwjdv ejv nq| cÂg Lwjdvi GB
`yj©f wLZve Zv‡K †h me Kvi‡Y †`qv n‡q‡Q Zv n‡”Q
1. wZwb Zuvi ivRZ¡Kv‡j Bmjvwg wLjvd‡Zi cwic~Y© ev¯—evqb K‡iwQ‡jb|
2. Zuvi ivRZ¡Kv‡j wZwb ivm~jyj−vni c`v¼ Abymvix Lyjvdv‡q ivwk`vi gZ bxwZ‡Z ivR¨ cwiPvjbv K‡ib|
3. wZwb kixÔAvZ‡K ivóªxqfv‡e cybtcÖwZôv K‡ib|
4. evBZzj gvj‡K wZwb RbM‡Yi m¤úwË wn‡m‡e g‡b Ki‡Zb|
5. wZwb evBZzj gvj †_‡K mvgvb¨ cwigvY gv‡mvnviv wb‡Zb|
6. wZwb ¯^qs Ges cwiev‡ii mK‡j AZ¨š— mv`vwm‡a I Abvo¤^i Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Zb|
7. wØZxq Lwjdv nhiZ Dgi dviƒ‡Ki gZB wZwb kvmbKvh© Pvjv‡Zb|
8. wZwb wb‡Ri mnvq-m¤úwË Ges ¯¿x dvwZgvi me iK‡gi MnbvcÎ weµq K‡i evBZzj gv‡j Rgv
w`‡qwQ‡jb|
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10. AZ¨š— DbœZ PwiÎ, Zvi mijZv, b¨vqcivqYZv cÖf…wZ ¸‡Y wZwb wQ‡jb DgvBqv ivRZ¡Kv‡ji gi“f‚wgi
g‡a¨ gi“`¨vb m`„k¨|
ZvB gymwjg D¤§vn Zuv‡K cÂg Lyjvdv‡q ivwk`xb e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb|

wZwb DgvBqv es‡ki cZ‡bi Rb¨ KZUzKz `vqx?

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n‡qwQj|

ch©v‡jvPbv
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¯^xK…wZ †`q I AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk K‡i| GgbwK Zuvi Avg‡j Zviv GKeviI we‡`ªvn K‡iwb| Kv‡RB LvwiRx‡`i
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 DgvBqv hy‡Mi A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v Zz‡j ai‡Z cvi‡eb
 DgvBqv Avg‡j wk¶v-ms¯‹…wZi weKvk m¤^‡Ü ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`vi ci DgvBqv kvmbvgj Bmjv‡gi MYZvwš¿K w`K †_‡K A‡bKUv `~‡i m‡i G‡mwQj| G mgq
Bmjvwg kvmb e¨e¯’v Pvjy wQj e‡U, Z‡e Zv wQj e¨w³ I †Mv‡Î †K›`ªxf‚Z| Bmjvwg MYZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vi
cwie‡Z© ivRZvwš¿K kvmb c×wZ Pvjy wQj| DgvBqv es‡ki kvmbvg‡ji GKwU msw¶ß Av‡jL¨ Zz‡j aiv nj|
†K›`ªxq kvmb e¨e¯’v
DgvBqv hyM n‡ZB ivRZš¿ ïi“ nq| nhiZ Avgxi gyqvweqv (iv) Bmjvwg MYZ‡š¿i cwie‡Z© DËivwaKvix
g‡bvbq‡bi gva¨‡g ivRZš¿ Pvjy K‡ib| Gi d‡j Lwjdvi eo †Q‡jB cieZx© kvmKiƒ‡c g‡bvbxZ n‡Zb|
Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhx‡hi mgq Qvov DgvBqv Avg‡j gRwj‡m kyivi ¸i“Z¡ K‡g hvq| DgvBqv AvwgiMY
Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi mij-mnR Rxeb-hvcb Z¨vM K‡i RuvKRgKc~Y© Rxeb-hvcb ïi“ K‡ib|
G mg‡qi cÖkvmwbK k„´Ljv DbœZ wQj| gyqvweqv WvK wefvM Pvjy K‡ib| ¯^Y© I †iŠ‡c¨i gy`ªv Pvjy nq| Aviwe
fvlvi e¨vcK cÖPjb nq| Aviwe RvZxqZvev‡`i D‡b¥l N‡U| wePvi wefv‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv Le© Kiv nq| †K‡›`ª
cuvPwU cÖkvmwbK wefvM _vKZ- (1) `xIqvbyj Ryb` ev mvgwiK wefvM, (2) `xIqvbyj LvivR ev ivR¯^ wefvM,
(3) `xIqvbyj ivmvBj wPwV-cÎvw` Av`vb-cÖ`vb wefvM, (4) `xIqvbyj LvZvg ev kxj †gvni wefvM, (5)
`xIqvbyj evix` ev WvK wefvM| cÖwZwU wefv‡Mi KvR wfbœ wfbœ wQj| hvi Kvi‡Y cÖkvmwbK k„´Ljv iw¶Z nq|
cÖv‡`wkK kvmb e¨e¯’v
DgvBqv kvmbvg‡j cÖkvmwbK Kv‡Ri myweavi Rb¨ †MvUv mvgªvR¨‡K 5wU AvÂwjK wefv‡M fvM K‡iwQj| G¸‡jv
nj t
1. †nRvR, Bqv‡gb ga¨ Avie Gi, ivRavbx wQj g°v|
2. wgmi wefvM, Gi ivRavbx wQj dzmZvZ|
3. BivK, Igvb, evBivBb, wdigvb, wmm&Zvb, †Lvivmvb, UªvÝ Aw·qvb, wmÜz I cvÄv‡ei wKQy Ask wb‡q
c~e©vÂj wefvM MwVZ wQj, Gi ivRavbx wQj Kzdv|
4. RwR©qv, Av‡g©wbqv, AvRvievBRvb Ges Gwkqv gvB‡bi wKQy Ask wb‡q ga¨ Gwkqv wefvM MwVZ wQj- Gi
ivRavbx wQj gmyj|
5. DËi Avwd«Kv, †¯úb, `w¶Y d«vÝ, wmwmwj, mvwW©wbqv Ges f‚ga¨mvMixq ØxccyÄ wb‡q cwðgvÂj wefvM
MwVZ n‡qwQj, Kvq‡ivqvb wQj G wefv‡Mi ivRavbx|

G cuvPwU AvÂwjK wefvM Avevi 14wU cÖ‡`k wb‡q MwVZ wQj| Avevi cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡`‡k wQj †ek K‡qKwU †Rjv|
cÖ‡`k¸‡jv wQj t
1. Avie 2. BivK 3. wmwiqv, 4. wgmi 5. AvjgvMwie 6. cÖvP¨ cÖ‡`k, 7. RvwR©qv 8. Av`-WvBjvg 9.
Avj-wenvi, 10. Avj-wRevj 11. †LvwR¯—vb, 12. dvim 13. Kvigvb 14. wmÜz|

Lwjdv cÖ‡Z¨K AvÂwjK wefv‡Mi kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ GKRb fvBmiq ev ivR cÖwZwbwa wb‡qvM
Ki‡Zb| wefv‡Mi ivR‰bwZK I mvgwiK kvmb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ fvBmiq Lwjdvi wbKU `vqx _vK‡Zb| fvBmiq
Lwjdvi AbygwZµ‡g Zuvi Aaxb¯’ cÖ‡`‡k Iqvjx ev cÖv‡`wkK kvmbKZ©v wb‡qvM Ki‡Zb| Iqvjx Zvi Kv‡Ri

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-234

 Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm cÖ_g cÎ

Rb¨ fvBmi‡qi Kv‡Q cÖZ¨¶ Ges Lwjdvi wbKU c‡iv¶fv‡e `vqx wQ‡jb| †K‡›`ªi AbyKi‡Y cÖ‡Z¨K cÖ‡`‡kI
w`Ibvbyj Ryb`, w`Iqvbyj ivmv‡qj, w`Iqvbyj LvivR Ges w`Iqvbyj Kvwi` cÖwZôv Kiv nq| Iqvjx QvovI
Avwgj, mvwneyj LvivR, KvwZe, mvwneyj Avn`vm I KvRx wQj D‡j−L‡hvM¨ cÖv‡`wkK Kg©Pvix †Rjvi cÖkvmwbK
cÖav‡bi c`ex wQj Awgj|

ivR¯^ e¨e¯’v
DgvBqv Avg‡j Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi b¨vq ivR¯^ Av‡qi wewfbœ LvZ wQj| †hgb hvKvZ, Lygym, Dki, wRwhqv,
LvivR, dvB BZ¨vw` wefvM wQj| Ab¨vb¨ Ki e¨e¯’vi e¨vcK cwieZ©b nq| G mgq AvieMY Abvie †`‡k Rwg
†Kbvi AbygwZ cvq| bI gymwjg‡`i †_‡KI Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhxh Qvov Ab¨vb¨ Lwjdv wRwhqv wbZ|
miKvwi evBZzj gvj †_‡K mvgªv‡R¨i Kj¨v‡Y e¨q Kiv nZ| gmwR`, cvbxq Rj, †foxeva, øvbvMvi, iv¯—v-NvU,
K‚c, euva wbg©vY Kiv nZ| DgvBqv LwjdvMY evBZzjgvj‡K wbR¯^ m¤úwˇZ cwiYZ K‡iwQj hv Bmjvwg bxwZi
cwicš’x wQj|

mvgwiK e¨e¯’v
DgvBqv Avg‡j mvgwiK e¨e¯’vi A‡bK DbœZ wQj| Bmjv‡gi mg„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ DgvBqv Avg‡j †mbvevwnbxi
ˆmb¨msL¨v I k„sLjv e„w× cvq| wbqwgZ evwnbx‡Z 10 Rb, 50 Rb, 100 Rb, I 1000 Rb wb‡q GKwU †mbv
BDwbU MwVZ nZ| cÖwZwU BDwb‡Ui GKRb †mbva¨¶ _vKZ| mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z †emvgwiK Kg©Pvix I wewfbœ
KvR †hgb- †Kvlva¨¶, †eZb cÖ`vbKvix I msev` evnK BZ¨vw`| nhiZ gyqvweqvi (iv) Avg‡j GKwU myMwVZ
†bŠevwnbx wQj| evBRvbUvB‡bi ivRavbx Kb÷vw›U‡bvcj Ae‡iv‡a gyqvweqvi †bŠ-evwnbx we‡kl L¨vwZ AR©b
K‡i| Ave`yj−vn evBRvbUvBb‡`i wei“‡× 60wU †bŠ-Awfhvb †cÖiY K‡ib| Lwjdv Iqvwj‡`i mgq †bŠ-kw³i
Pig DrKl© mvwaZ nq| gymwjg †bŠ-evwnbx †¯úb, wmÜzmn AviI ¸i“Z¡c~Y© AÂj Rq K‡ib|

mvgvwRK e¨e¯’v
DgvBqv kvmbvg‡j mvgvwRK KvVv‡gv wQj mvaviYZ wbæiƒc t
1. AwfRvZ †kªYx t ivResk, Avwgi Dgviv, Avgjv, †mbvcÖavb we‡RZvMY Ges DPuy es‡ki Avie gymjgvbMY
GB AwfRvZ †kªYxi Aš—f©y³ wQj| mgv‡Ri me‡P‡q DPuy‡Z Ae¯’vb Ki‡Zb kvmK †kªYx| Zuv‡`i Rxeb wQj
AwaKvskB RuvKRgK c~Y© I wejvmeûj| Aek¨ Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhxhmn AviI wKQy Lwjdv mvaviY Rxeb
hvcb Ki‡Zb| cÖkvmwbK Avgjv I DRxi Avwgi Dgviv I m¤¢ªvš— Avie cwiev‡ii Rxeb cÖYvjxI wQj
Hk¦h©¨c~Y©|
2. gvIqvjx ev be `xw¶Z gymjgvbMY t Abvie gymjgvb‡`i‡K ejv nZ gvIqvjx| Aviexq gymjgvb‡`i c‡iB
Zv‡`i mvgvwRK gh©v`v wQj| Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi d‡j AvBbZ Zuviv mg AwaKv‡ii AwaKvix n‡jI Kvh©Z Zv‡`i‡K
ZZUv gh©v`v †`qv nqwb| mvgªvR¨ we¯—v‡ii †¶‡Î Ges Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ †mevq gvIqvjx gymjgvb‡`i Ae`vb
wQj mxgvnxb| Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K wRwhqv I LvivR Av`vq Kiv nZ| Aek¨ Dgi Be‡b Avãyj Avhxh G ˆelg¨
bxwZ Zz‡j †`b| gvIqvjx‡`i cÖwZ DgvBqv‡`i ˆelg¨ bxwZi d‡j Zviv DgvBqv we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM`vb
K‡i| Bmjvwg wk¶vq, `x¶v- Ávb-weÁv‡b gvIqvjx gymjgvb‡`i Ae`vb Amvgvb¨|
3. wR¤§x ev Agymwjg m¤úª`vq t Bmjvwg mvgªv‡R¨ Agymwjg m¤úª`vq Z_v Bû`x, wLª÷vb, AwMœ DcvmK Ges
Ab¨vb¨ AvwkªZ AgymjgvbMY wQ‡jb wR¤§x| Zviv wQ‡jb mgv‡R Z…Zxq ¯’v‡bi AwaKvix| Zviv †mbvevwnbx‡Z
†hvM`vb KiZ bv| Zv‡`i Rvb-gv‡ji wbivcËv I agx©q ¯^vaxbZv cÖ`vb Kiv nZ| GRb¨ wbivcËv Ki wn‡m‡e
wRwhqv Ki w`‡Z nZ| Pvlvev` Ki wn‡m‡e Zviv f‚wg Ki LvivR w`Z| iv‡óªi cÖwZ c~Y© AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk Ki‡j
Zviv mKj cÖKvi ¯^vaxbZv I bvMwiK AwaKvi †fvM KiZ| Zv‡`i wePvi-AvPvi Zv‡`i agx©q weavb Abymv‡i
Kiv nZ| †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ e¨w³iv ivRKv‡h© wbhy³ nZ| Zviv mgv‡R my‡L-kvwš—‡Z emevm KiZ| Zviv †Kvb
Drcxo‡Yi wkKvi nZ bv| miKvwi A‡_© Zv‡`i MxR©v I gw›`i cybwbwg©Z n‡q‡Q|
4. `vm m¤úª`vq t mgv‡R ZLbI `vmZ¡ cÖ_v we`¨gvb wQj| gnvbex (m) `vmZ¡ cÖ_vmg~‡ni D‡”Q` mvab Ki‡Z
cv‡ibwb| gnvbexi (m) wb‡`©k wQj `vm‡`i mv‡_ m`q e¨env‡i Kiv| `vm‡`i Ae¯’vi DbœwZi Rb¨ gnvbex
(m) A‡bK c`‡¶c wb‡qwQ‡jb| DgvBqv kvmbvg‡j hy× †¶‡Î e›`xMYB `vm iƒ‡c MY¨ nZ| mvgªv‡R¨i we¯—
BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-235
GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

„wZi Kvi‡Y `vm‡`i msL¨v e„w× †c‡qwQj| Zviv ivR cwievi, abx I m¤¢ªvš— †jvK‡`i cwiev‡i wewfbœ Kv‡R
wbhy³ nZ| `vm‡`i Rxeb G hy‡× KóKi wQj bv| Zuviv A‡bK gvbweK AwaKvi †fvM KiZ| Bmjv‡gi
ivR‰bwZK †¶‡Î `vmMY Af‚Zc~e© I AmvaviY c`gh©v`v jvf K‡iwQj| Zviv †mbvcwZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡i
mvgªv‡R¨i A‡bK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© c` AwaKvi K‡iwQj| HwZnvwmK WvDwU `vm‡`i Ae¯’v me©`v mnbxq Ges cÖvqkB
myLKi wQj e‡j gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb|
wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZ
DgvBqv Avg‡j wk¶v-ms¯‹…wZi e¨vcK weKvk N‡UwQj| G hy‡M gymwjg mvgªv‡R¨i we¯—vi N‡U wecyjfv‡e| Gi
mv‡_ Bmjvwg Ávb weÁv‡bi DrKl© mvwaZ nq| G mg‡q KweZv, e³…Zv, wjwcwe`¨v, e¨vKiY, AjsKvi kv¯¿,
ZK© we`¨v, `k©b, BwZnvm we`¨vi Pig DrKl© mvwaZ nq| G mg‡q †¯ú‡b Ávb-weÁv‡bi e¨vcK weKvk jvf
K‡i| ZvQvov Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK kv¯¿mg~n †hgb- Zvdmxi, wKiAvZ, nv`xm BZ¨vw` wel‡q Mfxi M‡elYv n‡Z
_v‡K Ges Gme kv¯¿ ¯^Zš¿ weÁvb wn‡m‡e weKvk jvf K‡i| Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhx‡hi mgq nv`xm
msKwjZ nq| eo eo gynvwÏmMY I wdKnwe`MY nv`xm I wdKni Dci e¨vcK KvR K‡ib|
fvlv mvwnZ¨, ms¯‹vi kv¯¿, e¨KiY kv‡¯¿iI DbœwZ nq| G Avg‡jB cweÎ KziAv‡b †bvKZv I niKZ ms‡hvRb
Kiv nq| G hy‡M Ávb-weÁv‡bi A‡bK MÖš’ Aby‡gvw`Z nq| G mg‡q wk¶v e¨e¯’viI e¨vcK DbœwZ mvwaZ nq|
gmwR`, g³e, e¨w³MZ cvVkvjvq cov‡jLv PjZ| Z‡e GK GKRb gbxlx‡`i e¨w³MZ cvVkvjv¸‡jv GK
GKwU wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ¯^iƒc wQj| G mgq wKZve c‡Îi msi¶Y ïi“ nq| d‡j jvB‡eªwii e¨e¯’v M‡o I‡V|
Zv‡`i mg‡q ivRKxq KzZze LvbvI wQj| G mg¯— KzZzeLvbvq eB cy¯—K I cvÊywjwc msiw¶Z wQj|
KweZv t cÖvK Bmjvwg hyM wQj KweZvi hyM, Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi Avg‡j hw`I Gi wKQy aviv I wbqg cÖPwjZ
wQj, wKš—z KziAv‡bi Avwef©v‡ei Øviv Zv fvlv I AjsKvi kv‡¯¿i wbKU mKj Kwei KweZvi AvMÖn w¯—wgZ n‡q
c‡owQj| DgvBqv hy‡M KweZvi †mB nviv‡bv HwZn¨ Avevi wd‡i †cj| DgvBqv LwjdvMY Kwe‡`i m¤§vb w`‡j
HwZn¨ Avevi wd‡i †cj| DgvBqv LwjdvMY Kwe‡`i m¤§vb w`‡Z jvM‡jb, Kwe‡`i Øviv ivR `ievi AjsK…Z
n‡Z jvMj| Lwjdvi cÖksmvq KweZv iPbv Ki‡j cvwi‡ZvwlK wgjZ| Ggwbfv‡e KweZvi Avmi cybivq
RgRgvU n‡q DVj| AvLZvj, Rixi, dvivh`vK, Avkv, bv‡eMv cÖgyL wQ‡jb DgvBqv hy‡Mi †kªô Kwe|
BwZnvm t ebx DgvBqv hy‡M BwZnvm iPbvi m~Pbv nq| bex Kixg (m) I Zvi cÖavb cÖavb mvnvex‡`i Kvh©vejx
Rvbvi Rb¨ Zviv BwZnvm PP©vq eªZx nb| mvnvex Ges Zv‡eqxbMY BwZnvm eY©bv Ki‡Zb| Zv‡eqxb‡`i ga¨
n‡Z hv‡`i eY©bv MÖnYxq wQj Zviv n‡jb IiIqv Be‡b RyevBi, kivnexj Be‡b mvqv`, Inve Be‡b gybveŸvn,
AvKivgvn, gvIjv Be‡b AveŸvm, Av‡Qg Be‡b Avgi Be‡b KvZv`vn, Bgvg Rynix, gymv Be‡b IKev Be‡b
iv‡k`| Zviv wQ‡jb DgvBqv hy‡Mi wewkó HwZnvwmK| †KD †KD BwZnv‡mi Dci cy¯—K I iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb|
IiIqv Be‡b RyevBi me©cÖ_g gvMvRx I mxivZ [hy× weMÖn I ivm~jyj−vn (m) Rxeb PwiÎ]-Gi Dci BwZnvm cy¯—
K iPbv K‡ib| wKš—z Bgvg mynvBjx e‡jb, Bgvg Rynix BwZnv‡mi Dci cÖ_g eB wj‡Lb| wKš—z me©cÖ_g me
†P‡q wbf©ikxj BwZnvm MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib gynv¤§` Be‡b BmnvK| gyqvweqv (iv) wb‡R BwZnvm PP©vi cÖwZ h‡_ó
AvMÖnx wQ‡jb| Avie †`‡ki cÖwZw`‡bi hy×, cyivZb BwZnvm, Abvie ev`kvn‡`i Ae¯’v, Zv‡`i ivR¨
cwiPvjbvi aib, wewfbœ ivR es‡ki DÌvb-cZb G mg¯— NUbv wZwb ixwZgZ ïb‡Zb| Zvi mg‡qi GKRb
Bqvgvbx wewkó HwZnvwmK DevB` Be‡b kievn Zv‡K G mg¯— NUbv ïbv‡Zb|
e³…Zv t DgvBqv hy‡M e³…Zv we`¨vi †ek DbœwZ mvab K‡i| we‡kl K‡i hy‡×i mgq e³…Zv LyeB cÖ‡qvRbxq
wQj| Kv‡RB H hy‡M †ek wKQy e³vi Avwef©ve N‡U| †hgb nv¾vR Be‡b BDmyd QvKvdx, ZvwiK Be‡b wRqv`
DgvBqv es‡ki †kªô evM¥x wQ‡jb| ZvQvov gynv¤§` Be‡b Kv‡mg I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvq LwjdvB e³…Zvq cvi`kx©
wQ‡jb|
wjwc we`¨v t DgvBqv hy‡M wewfbœ `dZ‡ii Kvh©vejx e¨vcKZv jvf K‡i| Ave`yj gvwjK Aviwe‡K miKvwi fvlv
wn‡m‡e Pvjy K‡ib, hvi Kvi‡Y Avie-Abvie mKj‡KB eva¨ n‡q Aviwe wk¶v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| `dZ‡ii
wnmve c‡Îi Rb¨ Aviwe PP©v Aviwe wjLb c×wZ wk¶v Kiv cÖ‡qvRb n‡q c‡owQj| Gfv‡e DgvBqv hy‡M Aviwe
wjLb I wjwci †ek DbœwZ mvab K‡i|
Zvdmxi kv¯¿ t DgvBqv hy‡M Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿i †ek AMÖMwZ nq| hw`I Zvdmxi KziAvb AeZxY© nIqvi mv‡_
mv‡_B ïi“ nq; ZeyI DgvBqv hy‡M eo eo cwÊZ Rb¥ †bqvi Kvi‡Y Zvdmxi we`¨v †ek DbœwZ mvab K‡i|
nhiZ Ave`yj−vn Be‡b AveŸvm (iv)-Gi QvÎ ikx`, BKivgv, KvZv`vn cÖf…wZ wQ‡jb DgvBqv hy‡Mi L¨vZbvgv
ZvdmxiKvi, Z‡e DgvBqv hy‡Mi Zvdmxi nqZ eZ©gvb Kv‡ji Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i gZ wQj bv|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-236

 Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm cÖ_g cÎ

wK¡ivZ t KziAvb-gRx` cvV ixwZI GKwU we`¨vi Aš—f©y³| cÖ‡Z¨K fvlvi gZB KziAvb gRx‡`i wKQy wKQy kã
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Ggwbfv‡e mvZ °vixi m„wó nq| G cÖwm× mvZ °vix DgvBqv hy‡MB cÖewZ©Z nq|
nv`xm t DgvBqv hy‡M me‡P‡q †ewk DbœwZ nq ivm~jyj−vn (m)-Gi nv`x‡mi| G hy‡M nv`x‡mi cÖwZ gvby‡li
AmvaviY AvMÖn wQj| wewfbœ GjvKvq nv`xm PP©vi Avmi emZ| GK GK nv`xm ïbvi Rb¨ gvbyl AK¬vš— cwikªg
K‡i `~i-`yiv‡š— cvwo RgvZ| nv`xm PP©vi me©e„nr †K›`ª wQj g`xbv| Bgvg Be‡b wknve Rynix nv`xm A‡bœl‡Yi
j‡¶¨ g`xbvi Awj-Mwj Ny‡i wdi‡Zb Ges AZ¨š— mZK©Zv mnKv‡i nv`xm MÖnY Ki‡Zb| c~Y© Rvbvïbv Ges
eY©bvKvixi Ávb, ¯§„wZkw³, ci‡nRMvix BZ¨vw` we‡ePbv K‡i nv`xm MÖnY Kiv nZ| nv`xm msi¶‡Yi e¨vcv‡i
eo Ae`vb nj nhiZ Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhx‡hi| wZwb miKvwi D‡`¨v‡M nv`xm msKj‡bi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
Gfv‡e DgvBqv kvmbvg‡j nv`x‡mi Pig DrKl© mvwaZ nq|

mvi-ms‡¶c
Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi ci DgvBqv kvmb Avi¤¢ nq| nhiZ gyqvweqv (iv) DgvBqv es‡ki kvm‡bi cÖwZôvZv|
DgvBqv kvmb 661 wLª÷vã †_‡K 750 wLª÷vã ch©š— cÖvq 90 eQi Kvj ¯’vqx nq| DgvBqv kvmbvg‡j Bmjvwg
iv‡óªi wecyj we¯—vi N‡U| Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi mgqKvi ag©wfwËK MYZvwš¿K Kj¨vYgyLx iv‡óªi cwie‡Z©
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DËivwaKvi g‡bvbxZ Kivi cÖ_v Pvjy nq| evBZzj gv‡ji m¤ú` RbM‡Yi| wKš—z G mgqKvi kvmKMY Zv
e¨w³MZ m¤ú‡`i gZ †fvM e¨envi K‡ib| LwjdvMYB wQj ¶gZvi AwaKvix| RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q Revew`wnZv
wQj bv| kvmb, wePvi I mvgwiK wefv‡Mi wbqš¿Y Ki‡Zb LwjdvMY| Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi gZ mv`v wm‡a
Rxeb hvc‡bi cwie‡Z© Zuviv RvuKRgKc~Y© I wejvmx Rxeb ïi“ K‡ib| Zuv‡`i mgvR mf¨Zvi A_©bxwZ h‡_ó
DrKl© mvwaZ nq| mvaviY gvbyl Kg †ewk my‡L-kvwš—‡ZB emevm KiZ| AvBb-Av`vjZ KziAvb mybœvnwfwËK
PjZ| mvgwMÖK we‡ePbvq DgvBqvi kvmb Avgj Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m GK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Aa¨vq| G mgq Ávb-weÁvb
PP©vi Rb¨ D‡b¥l N‡U Zv AveŸvmxq Avg‡j c~Y©Zv jvf K‡i| kvmb e¨e¯’v, A_© e¨e¯’v, mvgwiK e¨e¯’v Ges
wk¶v-ms¯‹…wZi w`K w`‡q G mgq‡K GKwU †mvbvjx hy‡Mi cÖviw¤¢Kv ejv nq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 7.12

GK K_vq DËi w`b-
1. †Kvb Avgj †_‡K ivRZš¿ ïi“ nq Ges †K Bmjv‡g ivRZš¿ Pvjy K‡ib?
2. †K›`ªxq cÖkvmwbK wefvM¸‡jv wK wK?
3. DgvBqv hy‡M cÖkvmwbK Kv‡Ri myweavi Rb¨ †MvUv mvgvR¨ KqwU A‡j fvM Kiv nq Ges KqwU cÖ‡`‡k
wQj?
4. Kvi Avg‡j gymwjg †bŠ-evwnbx MwVZ nq? Ges DrKl© mvwaZ nq †Kvb mg‡q?
5. DgvBqv Avg‡j †Kvb †Kvb †Mvôxi †jv‡Kiv AwfRvZ †kªYxfz³ wQj?
7. wRw¤§ ej‡Z wK ey‡Sb?
8. wk¶v-ms¯‹…wZi †Kvb †Kvb †¶Î DgvBqv Avg‡j weKvk jvf K‡i?
9. me©cÖ_g wbf©i‡hvM¨ BwZnvm iPbv K‡ib †Kvb gbxlx?
10. miKvix D‡`¨v‡M †Kvb Lwjdv nv`xm msKj‡bi e¨e¯’vb K‡ib?

msw¶ß-DËi cÖkœ
1. DgvBqv kvmbvg‡ji kvmb e¨e¯’vi weeiY w`b|
2. DgvBqv hy‡Mi mvgvwRK KvVv‡gv eY©bv Ki“b|
3. DgvBqv hy‡Mi mvgwiK e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Ki“b|
4. DgvBqv hy‡Mi ivR¯^ e¨e¯’v Zz‡j ai“b|
5. DgvBqv Avg‡j wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZi weKvk m¤^‡Ü eY©bv Ki“b|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-237

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 13 DgvBqv wLjvd‡Zi cZ‡bi KviY

D‡Ïk¨
 G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 DgvBqv wLjvdZ wK wK Kvi‡Y cZb N‡UwQj Zvi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb
 DgvBqv‡`i cZ‡bi KviY wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

fv½v-Mov, Rb¥-g„Zz¨ I DÌvb-cZb wPiš—b wbqg| DgvBqv es‡ki †jv‡KivI wPivPwiZ wbq‡gi ewnf©~Z bq|
661 wLª÷v‡ã gyqvweqv KZ©„K cÖwZwôZ DgvBqv kvmb 750 wLª÷v‡ã hv‡ei hy‡× wØZxq gviIqv‡bi civR‡qi
ga¨ w`‡q cwimgvwß N‡U| DgvBqv es‡ki †jv‡Kiv cÖvq 90 eQi Kvj kvmb K‡iwQ‡jb|

DgvBqv es‡ki cZ‡bi KviYmg~n

1. cÖvK…wZK wbqg t cÖL¨vZ HwZnvwmK Be‡b Lvj`yb e‡jb, Ò†h †Kvb ivRes‡ki w¯’wZKvj GKk eQi Ges
¶gZvm¤úbœ ivResk‡KI mvgªvR¨ cÖwZôv, kvwš—-k„´Ljv weavb I †MŠi‡ev¾¡j Aa¨v‡qi m~Pbv, weKvk Ges µg
AebwZ I cZb G wbw`©ó Aa¨vqmg~n‡K AwZµg Ki‡Z n‡e|'' Be‡b Lvj`yb ewY©Z bxwZ Abymv‡i DgvBqv esk
¯^vfvweK w¯’wZKvj AwZµg K‡i cÖvK…wZK wbq‡g Gi cZb N‡U|
2. Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK Av`‡k© AvNvZ t nhiZ Avjx (iv)-†K wLjvdvZ †_‡K ewÂZ K‡i ejc~e©K ¶gZv †bqvi
A_© n‡”Q Av`‡k© AvNvZ nvbv| DgvBqv Lwjdv‡`i Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK Av`‡k©i Dci AvNvZ Zv‡`i cZb‡K
Z¡ivwb¦Z K‡i|
3. ivRZš¿ cÖwZôv t DgvBqv wLjvd‡Zi cZ‡bi Ab¨Zg KviY wQj MYZ‡š¿i cwie‡Z© ˆ¯^iZš¿ cÖeZ©b; b¨vq-
wbôv I ag©civqY wLjvdv‡Zi cwie‡Z© eskvbyµwgK ivRZš¿ cÖwZôv Ges evqZzjgvj‡K e¨w³MZ m¤úwˇZ
cwiYZ Kiv|
4. Lwjdv‡`i A‡hvM¨Zv I wejvwmZv t DgvBqv es‡ki gy'Avweqv, Ave`yj gvwjK, cÖ_g Iqvwj`, wØZxq Dgi
Ges wnkvg Qvov Ab¨ mKj LwjdvB wQ‡jb `ye©j, A‡hvM¨ I Avo¤^i wcÖq| G A‡hvM¨ kvmK‡`i Avg‡j
mvgªv‡R¨i me©Î wek„´Ljv I we‡`ªvn †`Lv †`q| Zuv‡`i `ye©jZv I wejvmeûj RxebB DgvBqv es‡ki cZb‡K
Z¡ivwb¦Z K‡iwQj|
5. myôz DËivwaKvi bxwZi Afve t wLjvdv‡Zi DËivwaKvix wb‡qv‡Mi mylg I mywbw`©ó bxwZi AfveB DgvBqv
es‡ki cZ‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY| DËivwaKvi wbe©vP‡bi †Kvb mywbw`©ó wbqg bv _vKvq wmsnvmb wb‡q wcZv-
cyÎ-åvZv I Avgxi-Dgivn‡`i g‡a¨ Ø›`¡-Kjn †eu‡a _vKZ| hvi `i“b DgvBqv es‡ki ¯’vwqZ¡ I ¶gZv `ye©j
n‡q c‡o|
6. PwiÎnxbZv t gy'qvweqv I Dgi Be‡b Ave`yj Avhxh Qvov DgvBqv es‡ki Ab¨vb¨ LwjdvMY PwiÎnxb I
wejvmwcÖq wQ‡jb| d‡j Zviv RbM‡Yi mnvbyf‚wZ nvivq|
7. gš¿x‡`i A`¶Zv I †mbvcwZ‡`i wek¦vmNvZKZv t DgvBqv es‡ki cZ‡bi Ab¨Zg KviY wQj gš¿x‡`i
A`¶Zv I †mbvcwZ‡`i wek¦vmNvZKZv| gš¿xiv my‡hvM †c‡jB ¶gZvi Ace¨envi KiZ Ges kvmK‡`i
`ye©jZvi my‡hv‡M †mbvcwZ‡`i gv‡S `ybx©wZ Xz‡K c‡o| d‡j DgvBqv es‡ki cZb Aek¨¤¢vex n‡q c‡o|
8. Avie-Abvie ˆelg¨ t DgvBqv kvm‡b Abvie‡`i mv‡_ ˆelg¨g~jK AvPiY I g‡bvfve DgvBqv es‡ki
cZ‡bi Ab¨Zg KviY| fb‡µgvi e‡jb, ÒAb¨ †h †Kvb NUbv A‡c¶v kvwmZ cÖRv‡`i cÖwZ DgvBqv
LwjdvM‡Yi wegvZvm~jf AvPiY DgvBqv es‡ki Aw¯—Z¡‡K wec`msKzj K‡i Zz‡jwQj|''
9. nhiZ Avjx (iv)-Gi eskai‡`i cÖwZ `ye©¨envi t Lwjdv wØZxq Dgi Qvov Ab¨vb¨ DgvBqv LwjdvMY nhiZ
Avjxi eskai‡`i Dci gyRAvi bvgv‡hi LyZevq Awfkvc I Kzrmv iUbv K‡i| gnvbex (m)-Gi cwievi-
cwiR‡bi cÖwZ G‡nb `ye©¨env‡i Ab¨vb¨ gymjgvbMY DgvBqv‡`i cÖwZ we‡`ªvnx n‡q I‡V|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-238

 Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm cÖ_g cÎ

10. MY-mg_©‡bi Afve t DgvBqv kvmKMY Lyjvdv‡q ivwk`x‡bi cwicš’x Kvh©Kjv‡c wjß n‡j Zviv MYmg_©b
nvwi‡q †d‡j| ZvB †Kvb ivReskB ïaygvÎ mvgwiK kw³i Dci †ewkw`b wU‡K _vK‡Z cv‡i bv|
11. eve©vi‡`i we‡`ªvn t DËi Avwd«Kvi eve©vi RvwZi cybtcybt we‡`ªvn I †Mvj‡hvM m„wó K‡i DgvBqv es‡ki
Aw¯—Z¡ gvivÍ
K AvNvZ nv‡b|
12. gy`vixq Ges wngvixq †MvÎxq Ø›`¡ t evb©vW jyBm e‡jb, Ò†h Af¨š—ixY `ye©jZvq DgvBqv kvm‡bi cZb
n‡jv Zv wQj Avie †MvÎmg~‡ni µgvMZ Ø›`¡ I kΓZv|'' gy`vixq Ges wngvixq‡`i `xN©w`‡bi Ø›`¡ DgvBqv
kvmKMY gxgvsmv Ki‡Z e¨_© nq|
13. DgvBqv I nvwkgx †MvÎxq Ø›`¡ t nvwkgx †Mv‡Îi cÖwZ DgvBqv †Mv‡Îi wnsmv I we‡Ølc~Y© g‡bvfve DgvBqv
es‡ki cZb‡K Z¡ivwb¦Z K‡i|
14. mvgªv‡R¨i wekvjZv t DgvBqv kvmbvg‡j c~‡e© wmÜz †_‡K cwð‡g AvUjvw›UK gnvmvMi ch©š— gymwjg
mvgªvR¨ e¨vcK we¯—vi jvf K‡iwQj| G wekvj mvgªvR¨ kvmb Kiv KwVb n‡q c‡o| d‡j cÖv‡`wkK kvmKiv
we‡`ªvnx n‡q I‡V|
15. ivR‡Kvl k~b¨ t DgvBqv es‡ki cZ‡bi Ab¨Zg KviY wQj ivR‡Kvl k~b¨Zv| e¨w³MZ m¤úwË g‡b K‡i
DgvBqv LwjdvMY wejvwmZv I ¯^RbcÖxwZi gva¨‡g ivR‡Kvl k~b¨ K‡i †d‡jb| d‡j wewfbœ mg‡q cÖRv‡`i
Dci bvbv cÖKvi A‰ea Ki avh© Kiv nq|
16. wk'qv I LvwiRx‡`i we‡`ªvn t wk'Av‡`i we‡ivwaZv DgvBqvB‡`i cZ‡bi Ab¨Zg KviY| DgvBqviv Avjxi
es‡ki †jvK‡`i cÖwZ wbh©vZb I nZ¨v ïi“ K‡i| LvwiRxMY wQj DgvBqv‡`i wPikΓ| wkÔAv‡`i we‡ivwaZv I
LvwiRx‡`i we‡`ªvn DgvBqv cZb‡K Z¡ivwb¦Z K‡i|
17. AveŸvmxq Av‡›`vjb t AveŸvmxqMY cÖPvi Ki‡Z jvM‡jb †h, Zviv nhiZ gynv¤§` (m)-Gi Ges nhiZ
Avjxi esk‡K cybtcÖwZôvi Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Qb| ag©cÖvY gymjgvbiv DgvBqv‡`i wei“‡× wM‡q 750 wLª÷v‡ã
wØZxq gviIqvb‡K nZ¨v K‡i AveŸvmxq esk cÖwZôv K‡ib|
mvi-ms‡¶c
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi †cÖw¶‡Z Avgiv G wm×v‡š— DcbxZ n‡Z cvwi †h, G c„w_ex‡Z †h RvwZ hZB kw³kvjx
†nvK bv †Kb, hLb wb‡Ri cv‡q wb‡R KzVvivNvZ K‡i, ZLb aŸs‡mi nvZ †_‡K †KD Zv‡K i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡i
bv| Zvi cZb Awbevh©| Ggwbfv‡e DgvBqv mvgªv‡R¨i †MŠie iwe wPiZ‡i A¯—wgZ nj|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb t 7.13

mZ¨-wg_¨v wbiƒcb Ki“b
1. DgvBqv es‡ki †jv‡Kiv cÖvq 190 eQi Kvj ivRZ¡ K‡ib|
2. Be‡b Lvj`y‡bi g‡Z †h †Kvb ivRes‡ki w¯’wZKvj GKk eQi|
3. DgvBqv‡`i cZ‡bi Ab¨Zg KviY wQj MYZ‡š¿i cwie‡Z© ˆ¯^iZš¿ ebvg ivRZš¿ cÖwZôv|
4. DgvBqv kvmKMY nhiZ Avjxi (iv) eskai‡`i mv‡_ `ye©¨envi Kivi Kvi‡Y RbMY Lykx n‡qwQj|
5. wkAv‡`i we‡ivwaZv DgvBqv‡`i cZb †W‡K Av‡b|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-239

GBP Gm wm †cÖvMÖvg

wek`-DËi cÖkœ
1. DgvBqv wLjvdZ cÖwZôvZv wn‡m‡e nhiZ gyqvweqvi f‚wgKv Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
2. nhiZ gyqvweqvi ivR¨we¯—vi m¤^‡Ü Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
3. nhiZ gyqvweqvi kvmb e¨e¯’v Ges Zuvi K…wZZ¡ I PwiÎ Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
4. Kvievjvi welv`gq NUbvi KviY I djvdj we‡k−lY Ki“b|
5. DgvBqv kvmb `~pxKi‡Y Lwjdv Avãyj gvwj‡Ki Ae`vb eY©bv Ki“b|
6. Lwjdv Iqvwj‡`i weRqvwfhv‡bi weeiY w`b|
7. Lwjdv Iqvwj‡`i K…wZZ¡ I PwiÎ eY©bv Ki“b|
8. Lwjdv Dgi Be‡b Avãyj Avhx‡hi kvmb bxwZ I ms¯‹vi we‡k−lY Ki“b|
9. Dgi Be‡b Avãyj Avhx‡hi PwiÎ g~j¨vqb Ki“b| wZwb DgvBqv es‡ki cZ‡bi Rb¨ KZUzKz `vqx?
10. Lwjdv wnkv‡gi K…wZZ¡ I PwiÎ we‡k−lY Ki“b|
11. DgvBqv kvmbvg‡ji kvmb e¨e¯’v I Av_©-mvgvwRK Ges wk¶v ms¯‹…wZ weKvk m¤^‡Ü weeiY w`b|
12. DgvBqv ivRes‡ki cZ‡bi KviY we‡k−lY Ki“b|

BDwbU mvZ c„ôv-240