VAILANKANI PUBLIC SCHOOL

CLASS :12 PRACTICE WORKSHEET ON ALTERNATINFG CURRENT

ENGLISH
The peak value of emf in ac is E0. Write its (i) rms, and (ii) average value over a complete cycle. 1
1

ANS:

2 The current flowing through a pure inductor of inductance 4mH is i = 12 cos 300 t ampere. What is (i) rms, and (ii) average
1
value of the current for a complete cycle?

ANS:

3 In a series LCR circuit, the voltages across an inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are 30 V, 30V and 60V respectively. What is
1
the phase difference between the applied voltage and the current in the circuit?

ANS: Zero. As VL = VC, circuit is resistive in nature.

4 Can a capacitor of suitable capacitance replace a inductor coil in an AC circuit? 1

ANS: Yes, because average power consumed in both is least while controlling an AC.

5 When an alternating current is passed through a moving coil galvanometer, it shows no deflection. Why? 1

ANS: A moving coil galvanometer measures an average value of current, which is zero for ac. Hence, no deflection is
shown by galvanometer.

6 Which of the following curves may represent the reactance of a series LC combination? 1
 ANS:

7 In a series LCR circuit, VL = VC ≠ VR. What is the value of power factor? 1

ANS: cos ϕ = 1.

8 The instantaneous current and voltage of an ac circuit are given by I = 10 sin 314 t A and V = 50 sin (314 t + π/2) V. What is
1
the power of dissipation in the circuit?

ANS: Phase difference between the current and voltage is π/2. So, the power dissipation Pav = Prms cos ϕ is zero.

9 Is there are any device by which direct current can be controlled without any loss of energy? 1

ANS: No. dc cannot be controlled without loss of energy.

10 A 110 V dc heater is used on an ac source, such that the heat produced is the same. What would be the value of the
1
alternating voltage?

ANS: By the definition, value of the alternating voltage is equal to 110V.

11 Can ever the rms value be equal to the peak value of an ac? 1
 ANS: Yes, when the ac is a square wave.

12 Does a step down transformer violate the principle of conservation of energy? 1

ANS: No. In a transformer, if a voltage is increased, the current is decreased in the same ratio and the product VI (power)
remains the same.

13 Why does a low power factor imply large power loss in transmission for circuits used for transporting electric power? 1

ANS: We know that P = IV cos ϕ, where cos ϕ is the power factor. To supply a given power, at a given voltage, if cos ϕ is
small, we have to increase the current accordingly. But this will lead to large power loss (I2R) in transmission.

14 Show that the current leads the voltage in phase by π/2 in an ac circuit containing an ideal capacitor. 2
 ANS:

15 A capacitor C, a variable resistor R and a bulb B are connected in series to the ac mains in circuit as shown. The bulb glows
with some brightness. How will the glow of the bulb change if (i) a dielectric slab is introduced between the plates of the
capacitor, keeping resistance R to be the same; (ii) the resistance R is increased keeping the same capacitance?

2
 ANS: It is a CR circuit connected with ac mains where the inductance of bulb remains constant. The current is

(i) If slab is inserted between the plates, capacitance will increase and as
will decrease so Z will decrease making the current in
bulb more and hence, the bulb will shine brighter.
(ii) If R is increased, Z will increase making the current less and again the bulb will glow dimly.
16 A light bulb and an open coil inductor are connected to an ac source through a key as shown in the figure.

The switch is closed and after sometime, an iron rod is inserted into the interior of the
inductor. The glow of the light bulb (a) increases; (b) decreases; (c) is unchanged, as the iron rod is inserted. Give
your answer with reason. What will be your answer if ac source is replaced by a dc source?
ANS: When an iron core is inserted, it gets magnetised and the magnetic field inside the coil increases. The inductance of
the coil increases. Consequently, the inductive reactance of the coil increases.
A large fraction of the applied ac voltage appears across the inductor and the voltage across the bulb decreases. Thus, the
glow of the bulb decreases. In case of a dc source, the glow of the bulb does not change.

17 State the underlying principle of a transformer. How is the large scale transmission of electric energy over long distance done
2
with the use of transformers ?

ANS: A transformer is based on the principle of mutual induction, i.e. when electric current in one coil changes, then emf in
the neighbouring coil is induced. For a large distance transmission of electric energy, an alternating current is stepped up (i.e.
at a given power voltage is increased). As a result, the current in the circuit gets reduced and hence reduces the power (P =
I2R) loss. At the receiving end, step down transformer lowers the voltage at the required power.

18 Write one use each of: (i) step down transformer, and (ii) step-up transformer. 2
 ANS: (i) Step down transformer is used in battery chargers and battery eliminators.
(ii) Step-up transformer is used in transmission of electric power to distant places.

19 In a series LCR circuit, obtain the conditions under which (i) the impedance of the circuit is minimum, and (ii) wattless current
2
flows in the circuit.

ANS: In case of a series LCR circuit, the impedance of the circuit is given by (i) The impedance of
the circuit is minimum when XC = XL, i.e. capacitive reactance = inductive reactance.
Under this condition, XC = XL gives Z = R, i.e. the circuit is resistive.
(ii) When the circuit is purely capacitive or inductive, wattless current flows in the circuit.

20 Draw the graphs showing the variations of (i) inductive reactance, and (ii) capacitive reactance, with frequency of applied
voltages in ac circuit. How do the values of (i) inductive, and (ii) capacitive reactance change, when the frequency of applied 2
voltage is tripled?

ANS: (i) Graph: Refer to Point no. 4 [Important Terms, Definitions and Formulae]
(ii) Graph: Refer to Point no. 5 [Important Terms, Definitions and Formulae] When frequency of applied voltage is tripled:
(i) Inductive reactance also gets tripled because

(ii) Capacitive reactance reduces to onethird because

21 Define root mean square current. Also, obtain its expression. 3

ANS:
22 A series LCR circuit is connected to an ac source. Using the phasor diagram, derive the expression for the impedance of the
3
circuit. Plot a graph to show the variation of current with frequency of the source, explaining the nature of its variation.

ANS:
23
(a) For a given ac, i = im sin ωt, show that the average power dissipated in a resistor R over a complete cycle is . 3
(b) A light bulb is rated at 100 W for a 220 V ac supply. Calculate the resistance of the bulb.

ANS:

24 A voltage V = V0 sin ωt is applied to a series LCR circuit. Derive the expression for the average power dissipated over a cycle.
Under what condition is (i) no power dissipated even though the current flows through the circuit, (ii) maximum power 3
dissipated in the circuit?
 ANS:

25 A voltage V = Vm sin ωt is applied across an inductor. Determine the average power dissipated over a cycle. And, hence define
3
wattless current.

ANS: Let ac source of alternating voltage V = Vm sin ωt is connected to an inductor. The small work done in sending the
electric current through the inductor in small time interval dt given by
 Since, no electric power is
consumed, therefore, the current flowing through an inductor is called wattless current.

26 When a circuit element X is connected across an ac source , a current of flows through it and this current is in phase with
the applied voltage. When another element Y is connected across the same ac source, the same current flows in the circuit

but it leads the voltage by radians.

3
(i) Name the circuit elements X and Y.
(ii) Find the current that flows in the circuit when the series combination of X and Y is connected across the same ac voltage.
(iii) Plot a graph showing variation of the net impedance of this series combination of X and Y as a function of the angular
frequency of the applied voltage.
 ANS:

27 Explain the term ‘inductive reactance’. Show graphically the variation of inductive reactance with frequency of the applied
alternating voltage. An ac voltage E = E0 sin wt is applied across a pure inductor of inductance L. Show mathematically that 5
the current flowing through it lags behind the applied voltage by a phase angle of π/2.
 ANS:

28 Explain the term ‘capacitive reactance’. Show graphically the variation of capacitive reactance with frequency of the applied
alternating voltage.
5
An ac voltage E = Em sin wt is applied across a pure capacitor of capacitance C. Show mathematically that the current flowing
through it leads the applied voltage by a phase angle of π/2.
 ANS:

29 (a) What do you understand by sharpness of resonance in a series LCR circuit? Derive an expression for Q-factor of the 5
circuit.
(b) Three electrical circuits having ac sources of variable frequency are shown in
the figure. Initially the current flowing in each of these is same. If the frequency of the applied ac source is increased, how will
the current flowing in these circuits be affected? Give reason for your answer.

ANS: Refer to Point no. 9 [Important Terms, Definitions and Formulae).

The sharpness of resonance is measured by Q – factor of the LCR circuit. It is defined as the ratio of the voltage developed
across the inductance (or capacitance) at resonance to the voltage developed across the resistance.
30 When 100 V dc is applied across a coil, a current of 1 A flows through it. When 100 V ac of 50 c/s are applied to the same coil
4
only 0.5 A flows. Calculate the resistance, the impedance and the inductance of the coil.
 ANS:

31 Determine the current and quality factor at resonance for a series LCR circuit with L = 1.00 mH, C = 1.00 nF and R = 100 Ω
4
connected to an ac source having peak voltage of 100 V.

ANS: We know, Pav = Irms Vrms cos ϕ To supply a given power at a given voltage if cos ϕ (power factor) is small, current will
increase accordingly. An increase in current will lead to a large power loss (I2R) in transmission.

32 An alternating current generator has an internal resistance Rg and an internal reactance Xg. It is used to supply power to a
passive load consisting of a resistance Rg and a reactance XL. For maximum power to be delivered from the generator to the
load, the value of XL is equal to 1
(a) zero. (b) Xg.
(c) – Xg. (d) Rg.

ANS: (c)
33 Which of the following combinations should be selected for better tuning of an LCR circuit used for communication? [NCERT
Exemplar]
(a) R = 20 , L = 1.5 H, C = 35 μF.
1
(b) R = 25 , L = 2.5 H, C = 45 μF.
(c) R = 15 , L = 3.5 H, C = 30 μF.
(d) R = 25 , L = 1.5 H, C = 45 μF.

ANS: (c)

34 An inductor of reactance 1 Ω and a resistor of 2 Ω are connected in series to the terminals of a 6 V (rms) a.c. source. The
power dissipated in the circuit is
1
(a) 8 W. (b) 12 W.
(c) 14.4 W. (d) 18 W.

ANS: (c)

35 In an LCR-series ac circuit, the voltage across each of the component L, C and R is 50 V. The voltage across the LC-
1
combination will be

ANS: (d) The voltage across L and C are out of phase. Hence the voltage across the LC combination is zero.

36 In an a.c. generator, a coil with N turns, all of the same area A and total resistance R, rotates with frequency ω in a magnetic
field B the maximum value of emf generated in the coil is
1
(a) NABR (b) NABω
(c) NABRω (d) NAB

ANS: (b) emf induced, ε = NABω sin ωt, ε0 = NBAω

37 The line that draws power supply to your house from street has 1
(a) zero average current.
(b) 220 V average voltage.
 (c) voltage and current out of phase by 90°.
(d) voltage and current are in phase.

ANS: (a) zero average current.

38
1
Average power generated in an inductor connected to an a.c. source is

ANS: (c) Average power dissipated in an inductor connected to an ac source is zero,