12/22/24, 7:26 PM 500+ Design Engineer Interview Questions & Answers for Experienced (Updated 2024) | AmbitionBox

Design Engineer

500+ Design Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced

Updated 26 Nov 2024

Q251. What is FMEA and what do you do in FMEA.

Ans. FMEA stands for Failure Mode and Effects Analysis. It is a systematic approach to identifying and preventing potential failures in a product or
process.

FMEA is a risk assessment tool used in engineering and manufacturing.

It involves identifying potential failure modes, their causes, and the effects of those failures.
The goal is to prioritize and address the most critical failure modes to prevent them from occurring.
FMEA can be used in various stages of product development, from design to production.
Examples of FMEA applications include automotive manufacturing, medical device design, and aerospace engineering.

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Q252. Difference between first angle and third angle projection method
Ans. First angle projection method is commonly used in Europe and Asia, while third angle projection method is commonly used in North America.

First angle projection method is where the object is imagined to be in between the observer and the plane of projection.
Third angle projection method is where the object is imagined to be outside the observer and the plane of projection.
In first angle projection, the top view is below the front view, while in third angle projection, the top view is above the front view.
First angle projection is commonly used in Europe and Asia, while third angle projection is commonly used in North America.
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Q253. How to two beams join together?

Ans. Two beams can be joined together using various methods such as welding, bolting, or adhesive bonding.
Welding: involves melting the two beams together to form a strong joint.
Bolting: uses bolts and nuts to secure the two beams together.

Adhesive bonding: uses a strong adhesive to bond the two beams together.

Overlap joint: one beam is placed on top of the other and secured with welding, bolting, or adhesive.
Butt joint: the ends of the two beams are aligned and joined using welding, bolting, or adhesive.

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Q254. Explain Plastic Design techniques

Ans. Plastic design techniques involve various methods and considerations for designing plastic components.

Consider material selection based on properties and requirements

Design for manufacturability, considering moldability and tooling

Optimize part geometry for strength, stiffness, and functionality

Account for shrinkage and warpage during molding process

Use ribs, gussets, and other reinforcements to enhance structural integrity

Consider assembly methods and design for ease of assembly

Utilize design guidelines and standards specific to plastic components

Consider environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and chemical exposure

Perform simulations and testing to validate design before production

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Q255. Please explain the complete product life cycle management

Ans. Product life cycle management involves managing a product from its conception to its retirement.
It includes product design, development, testing, launch, marketing, sales, and support.

It also involves managing the product's performance, making improvements, and eventually retiring it.
Effective product life cycle management can help a company maximize profits and stay competitive.

Examples include Apple's iPhone, which goes through multiple iterations and updates, and Ford's Mustang, which has been in production for over
50 years.

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Q256. How to sale in t shart like marketing ?

Ans. To sell t-shirts, marketing strategies like social media advertising, influencer collaborations, and email campaigns can be used.

Create a strong brand identity and unique designs

Utilize social media platforms to showcase products and engage with customers

Collaborate with influencers to reach a wider audience

Offer promotions and discounts to incentivize purchases

Send out email campaigns to keep customers updated on new products and promotions
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Q257. Types of jackets ( for pressure vessels )

Ans. There are several types of jackets used for pressure vessels, including half-pipe, dimple, and conventional jackets.

Half-pipe jackets consist of a pipe that is cut in half and welded to the vessel.

Dimple jackets have a series of dimples pressed into the jacket material to create a heat transfer surface.

Conventional jackets are made of a single or double layer of metal that surrounds the vessel.

Other types of jackets include coil jackets and plate jackets.

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Q258. What is VCR cycle ? Explain in detail.

Ans. VCR cycle stands for Verification and Validation cycle, which is a process used in engineering to ensure that a product meets requirements and
specifications.

VCR cycle involves verifying that the product is being built correctly (verification) and validating that it meets the intended requirements
(validation).
Verification involves checking if the product is being built according to the design specifications.

Validation involves checking if the product meets the customer's needs and requirements.

VCR cycle helps in identifying and fixing any issues or discrepancies early in the design process.

Examples of VCR cycle activities include design reviews, testing, and customer feedback analysis.
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Q259. How to change bulklayers or filter them

Ans. Bulk layers can be changed or filtered by adjusting the layer properties in the design software.

Access the layer properties in the design software

Change the visibility or order of bulk layers

Apply filters to show or hide specific layers

Adjust layer properties such as color, line weight, and transparency

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Firewall Networking

Q260. Plastic material types?

Ans. Plastic material types include thermoplastics, thermosets, and elastomers.

Thermoplastics can be melted and reformed, such as polyethylene and PVC.

Thermosets are rigid and cannot be melted, like epoxy and phenolic resins.

Elastomers are flexible and elastic, such as silicone and rubber.

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Q261. Design of steel members and connections

Ans. Design of steel members and connections involves determining the appropriate size and shape of steel components and how they are
connected.

Consider the loads and stresses that the steel members will be subjected to
Select appropriate steel sections based on their strength and stiffness

Design connections that can transfer loads between members without failure

Ensure that the design complies with relevant codes and standards

Examples of connections include bolted connections, welded connections, and moment-resisting connections
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Q262. Draw 3rd angle & 1st angle view

Ans. To draw 3rd angle & 1st angle view, first understand the projection theory and then follow the conventions of each angle view.

Understand the projection theory and conventions of each angle view

Use proper scale and dimensions

Label all the important features

Show hidden lines and surfaces

Use appropriate line types and thickness

Check for accuracy and completeness

Revise and refine the drawing as needed

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Q263. tell me about stress strain diagram

Ans. A stress-strain diagram is a graphical representation of the relationship between stress and strain in a material.
It shows how a material deforms under applied stress.

The diagram typically consists of a linear elastic region, a yield point, and a plastic region.
The elastic region represents reversible deformation, while the plastic region represents permanent deformation.
The yield point is the stress at which the material starts to deform plastically.

Different materials exhibit different stress-strain behaviors, such as brittle or ductile.

The area under the stress-strain curve represents the energy absorbed by the material during deformation.

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Q264. What is the material for wheel, Pin

Ans. The material for wheel is typically rubber or plastic, while the material for pin is usually metal such as steel or aluminum.

Wheel material is commonly rubber or plastic for flexibility and durability

Pin material is usually metal like steel or aluminum for strength and stability
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Q265. Do the costing for Star delta starter

Ans. The costing for a star delta starter involves considering the cost of components and labor.
Calculate the cost of the main contactor, overload relay, and timer used in the starter.
Consider the cost of the motor and its associated accessories.

Include the cost of wiring, connectors, and terminal blocks.

Factor in the cost of labor for installation and testing.

Consider any additional costs such as enclosure, control panel, and accessories.
Example: The cost of a star delta starter for a 10 HP motor may include $100 for the main contactor, $50 for the overload relay, $20 for the timer,
$500 for the motor, $50 for wiring and connectors, and $100 for labor.
Example: Additional costs may include $200 for the enclosure and $100 for the control panel.

Example: The total cost of the star delta starter would be $1020 (excluding additional costs).
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Q266. Which designing tools?

Ans. Designing tools depend on the project requirements and personal preference.

AutoCAD for 2D drafting

SolidWorks for 3D modeling
SketchUp for architectural design

Adobe Creative Suite for graphic design

MATLAB for mathematical modeling

Personal preference may include tools like Procreate or Figma

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Design

Q267. Can you friendly with CREO software ?

Ans. Yes, I am friendly with CREO software.
I have extensive experience using CREO software for designing and modeling.

I am proficient in creating 3D models, assemblies, and drawings using CREO.

I have successfully completed projects using CREO software in the past.
I am familiar with advanced features and functionalities of CREO software.

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Creo

Q268. What do you know about Chassis

Ans. Chassis is the framework of a vehicle, providing structural support and housing components like the engine, suspension, and body.

Chassis is the base frame of a vehicle on which all other components are mounted.
It provides structural support and rigidity to the vehicle.

Chassis houses components like the engine, suspension, steering system, and body.
Different types of chassis include ladder frame, monocoque, and space frame.
Chassis design impacts vehicle performance, handling, and safety.

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Q269. How to find weight of any object ?

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Ans. The weight of an object can be found by using a scale or balance.

Use a scale or balance to measure the weight of the object.

Place the object on the scale and wait for the reading to stabilize.

The weight of the object will be displayed on the scale in units such as pounds or kilograms.
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Q270. What is full form of P&ID

Ans. P&ID stands for Piping and Instrumentation Diagram.

P&ID is a schematic representation of a process system that includes piping, instrumentation, and other equipment.
It shows the interconnection of process equipment and the instrumentation used to control the process.
P&ID is used in the design, construction, and maintenance of process systems in industries such as chemical, petrochemical, and power
generation.

It helps in identifying potential hazards and optimizing the process.

P&ID symbols are standardized by organizations such as ISA and ANSI.
Examples of P&ID symbols include valves, pumps, sensors, and control systems.

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Q271. What is K factor used for sheet metal ?

Ans. K factor is a constant used in sheet metal bending to calculate the location of the bend line.
K factor determines the amount of stretching that occurs when a metal sheet is bent.

It is used in formulas to calculate the bend allowance, bend deduction, and flat pattern development.
K factor values vary depending on material type, thickness, and bending method.

For example, a K factor of 0.33 is commonly used for mild steel with a thickness of 1mm.
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Q272. What is pressure vessel ?

Ans. A pressure vessel is a container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure.

Pressure vessels are used in various industries such as chemical, oil and gas, and nuclear.
They are designed to withstand high pressure and temperature.
Examples of pressure vessels include boilers, tanks, and pipelines.

They are subject to strict regulations and safety standards to prevent accidents.
Pressure vessels can be made of various materials such as steel, aluminum, and composite materials.

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Q273. What is mean by Root cause analysis?

Ans. Root cause analysis is a systematic process of identifying the underlying cause of a problem or issue.
Root cause analysis helps in understanding the fundamental reason behind a problem.

It involves investigating the symptoms, identifying potential causes, and determining the primary cause.
By addressing the root cause, it is possible to prevent the problem from recurring.
Root cause analysis techniques include 5 Whys, Fishbone diagram, Fault Tree Analysis, etc.

For example, if a machine keeps breaking down, the root cause analysis may reveal that it is due to a faulty component.
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Q274. Provide an example of tolerance stack up.

Ans. Tolerance stack up refers to the accumulation of variations in dimensions and tolerances of individual parts in an assembly.

Tolerance stack up can lead to issues such as interference or gaps between parts in an assembly.
It is important to consider both the nominal dimensions and the tolerances of each part when designing an assembly.

An example of tolerance stack up is when the cumulative variation in the thickness of multiple gaskets leads to a gap that affects the overall
performance of the system.

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Q275. Material science Projects involved in college final year

Ans. I conducted research on the properties of composite materials for my final year project.
Researched different types of composite materials and their applications
Analyzed the mechanical properties of the materials through testing

Designed and fabricated a prototype using the composite materials

Presented findings and recommendations based on the research

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Q276. 1. Difference between First Angle and Third Angle

Ans. First angle and third angle are two different methods of representing the views of an object in engineering drawings.
First angle projection is commonly used in Europe and Asia, while third angle projection is commonly used in North America.

In first angle projection, the object is placed in the first quadrant of the viewing plane, while in third angle projection, the object is placed in the
third quadrant.

First angle projection is based on the concept of the object being inside a glass box, with each face of the box projected onto the viewing plane.
In third angle projection, the object is imagined to be outside the glass box, and the views are projected onto the viewing plane by looking
through the faces of the box.
The symbol for first angle projection is a square with a dot inside, while the symbol for third angle projection is a square with a cross inside.

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Q277. Gd& t symbols & functions?

Ans. GD&T symbols are used in engineering drawings to communicate design intent and specifications.
GD&T stands for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Symbols are used to specify geometric characteristics such as flatness, perpendicularity, concentricity, etc.
Functions include defining the allowable variations in form, size, and orientation of features

Examples of symbols: Ø for diameter, ⊥ for perpendicularity, ◊ for position

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Design

Q278. NPD Document experience?

Ans. Experienced in creating and managing New Product Development (NPD) documents.
Developed NPD documents outlining project scope, objectives, timelines, and deliverables.
Collaborated with cross-functional teams to gather input and ensure alignment on NPD document content.
Utilized tools like Gantt charts, project management software, and templates to streamline NPD document creation.

Reviewed and updated NPD documents regularly to track progress and make adjustments as needed.
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Q279. Plastic category define?

Ans. Plastic category refers to the classification of plastics based on their chemical composition and properties.

Plastics are categorized into different groups such as thermoplastics, thermosets, and elastomers.
Each category has unique characteristics and uses in various industries.
Examples include polyethylene (thermoplastic), epoxy resin (thermoset), and silicone rubber (elastomer).
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Q280. Detailed explanation of a feature control frame.

Ans. A feature control frame is a symbol used in engineering drawings to specify geometric tolerances and control the location, orientation, and form
of features.
It consists of geometric characteristic symbols, tolerance values, and datum references.

The geometric characteristic symbol indicates the type of tolerance (e.g. position, concentricity, flatness).
Tolerance values specify the allowable deviation from the perfect geometry of the feature.
Datum references establish a coordinate system for the feature's measurement and inspection.
Example: A feature control frame may specify a position tolerance of 0.1mm with respect to datum A and B.
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Networking

Q281. Given a Casting component to design using Boolean

Ans. Designing a casting component using Boolean
Identify the shape and dimensions of the casting component
Use Boolean operations to combine basic shapes to create the desired component
Consider factors like material properties and manufacturing constraints
Ensure the design is feasible for casting process

Iterate and refine the design based on feedback and analysis

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Q282. Name professor of your College for all subjects

Ans. I attended XYZ College where different professors taught various subjects.

Professor A taught Mechanical Engineering

Professor B taught Electrical Engineering
Professor C taught Computer Science
Professor D taught Mathematics
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Q283. Catia enovia and its tools and work benches

Ans. Catia enovia is a software suite for product design and lifecycle management.
Catia is used for 3D modeling and design
Enovia is used for product lifecycle management

Tools and workbenches in Catia Enovia include Part Design, Assembly Design, and Drafting
Catia Enovia is commonly used in the aerospace and automotive industries
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Q284. Design of gears and transmission elements

Ans. Designing gears and transmission elements involves understanding the requirements, selecting appropriate materials, and optimizing for
efficiency and durability.
Understand the requirements of the gear system, such as torque, speed, and space constraints
Select appropriate materials based on factors like strength, wear resistance, and cost

Optimize the design for efficiency and durability through proper tooth profile, lubrication, and heat treatment
Consider factors like noise, vibration, and backlash in the design process
Use software tools like CAD and simulation programs to analyze and refine the design
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Q285. Difference between unary and binary dimension

Ans. Unary dimension is a single dimension, while binary dimension involves two dimensions.
Unary dimension refers to a single measurement or dimension in a design.
Binary dimension involves two measurements or dimensions in a design.
Example: A line is a unary dimension, while a rectangle is a binary dimension.

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Q286. Material combination Type of Trims in Gate valve

Ans. Gate valves can have trims made of various materials depending on the application.
Trims can be made of materials such as stainless steel, bronze, or brass.

The choice of trim material depends on factors such as the fluid being handled and the temperature and pressure of the system.
Harder materials like stainless steel are often used for high-pressure applications.
Soft materials like bronze or brass are used for low-pressure applications to prevent damage to the valve seat.
Some gate valves may also have a soft seal trim made of materials like rubber or PTFE to provide a tight seal.
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Q287. What to do scantling calculations?

Ans. Scantling calculations involve determining the dimensions of structural components to ensure they can withstand loads.
Identify the loads that the structure will be subjected to
Calculate the required strength of the structural components
Consider factors such as material properties, safety factors, and environmental conditions

Use relevant codes and standards for guidance

Iterate the calculations to optimize the design
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Q288. How do you design a composite product

Ans. Designing a composite product involves selecting materials, creating a layout, analyzing performance, and optimizing for strength and weight.
Select appropriate materials based on desired properties (strength, weight, durability)
Create a layout or design based on the specific requirements and constraints
Perform analysis using software tools to predict performance under different conditions
Optimize the design for strength, weight, and cost effectiveness

Consider factors such as manufacturing processes and environmental impact

Example: Designing a carbon fiber bicycle frame involves selecting carbon fiber for its strength-to-weight ratio, creating a frame layout that
balances stiffness and compliance, analyzing stress distribution using finite element analysis, and optimizing the design for performance and
cost.
Example: Designing a composite aircraft wing involves selecting materials like carbon fiber and epoxy resin, creating a wing structure that meets
aerodynamic requirements, analyzing load distribution during flight, and optimizing the design for strength and weight savings.

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Q289. How we can make moduler OT?..

Ans. Modular OT can be achieved by designing individual components that can be easily assembled and disassembled.
Design individual components that can be easily assembled and disassembled

Use standardized connectors and interfaces for easy integration

Ensure compatibility of components from different manufacturers
Consider factors such as ventilation, lighting, and equipment placement
Allow for flexibility and customization based on specific needs
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Q290. What is gd&t and what is the use of gd&t

Ans. GD&T stands for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing. It is a system for defining and communicating engineering tolerances.
GD&T is a symbolic language used on engineering drawings to specify the allowable variations in form, size, and orientation of features.
It helps to ensure that parts and assemblies will fit together and function properly.

GD&T uses symbols such as concentricity, flatness, perpendicularity, and position to communicate design requirements.
It is commonly used in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing.
GD&T can help reduce manufacturing costs by allowing for more efficient production processes.
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Design

Q291. what do you know about aircraft

Ans. Aircraft are vehicles that are designed to fly through the air, typically powered by engines or propellers.
Aircraft can be categorized into different types such as airplanes, helicopters, gliders, and drones.
They rely on aerodynamic principles to generate lift and thrust for flight.
Modern aircraft are equipped with advanced avionics systems for navigation and communication.
Commercial aircraft like Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 are used for passenger transportation.
Military aircraft like F-16 fighter jets and AH-64 Apache helicopters are used for defense purposes.

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Q292. How you implement BIM in your model

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Ans. BIM is implemented in our model by creating a 3D digital representation of the building and adding relevant data to it.
We use BIM software like Revit to create a 3D model of the building
We add relevant data to the model such as materials, dimensions, and equipment
We collaborate with other stakeholders in the project to ensure all data is accurate and up-to-date

We use the BIM model to identify and resolve any potential clashes or issues before construction begins
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Q293. Stress strain diagram Types of fits Draw a projected view

Ans. Stress strain diagram, types of fits, and projected view are important concepts in design engineering.
Stress strain diagram shows the relationship between stress and strain in a material.
Types of fits include clearance fit, interference fit, and transition fit.
Projected view is a drawing technique used to represent a 3D object in 2D by projecting its features onto a plane.
Examples of fits: interference fit in press-fit bearings, transition fit in gear assemblies.
Projected view example: orthographic projection of a machine part.

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Q294. What is factor of safety

Ans. Factor of safety is the ratio of the maximum stress a material can withstand to the actual stress it is subjected to.

Factor of safety is used to ensure that a structure or component can withstand loads and stresses beyond what it is designed for.
It is calculated by dividing the ultimate strength of a material by the maximum stress it is expected to experience.
A factor of safety of 2 means that the material can withstand twice the maximum stress it is expected to experience.
Factors of safety vary depending on the application, with higher factors of safety required for critical components or structures.
For example, a bridge may have a factor of safety of 3, while a non-critical component may have a factor of safety of 1.5.
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Q295. Why tractors rear tyre are of big size

Ans. Tractors rear tyres are of big size for better traction, stability, and weight distribution.
Big rear tyres provide better traction in various terrains
Large size helps in distributing the weight of the heavy machinery more evenly

Increased size contributes to stability, especially when carrying heavy loads or operating on uneven surfaces
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Q296. [Link] preferred in Engineering

Ans. Engineering books cover a wide range of topics, from mathematics to design principles.
Textbooks on mathematics, physics, and mechanics
Design principles and engineering ethics
Specialized books on specific fields of engineering
Industry publications and journals
Books on project management and leadership

Online resources and forums for continuous learning

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Q297. What are the GD&T symbols?

Ans. GD&T symbols are geometric dimensioning and tolerancing symbols used to specify the dimensions and tolerances of a part.
GD&T symbols are used to communicate design intent and ensure parts are manufactured to the correct specifications.
Some common GD&T symbols include concentricity, perpendicularity, and flatness.
GD&T symbols are often used in engineering drawings and blueprints.
Understanding GD&T symbols is important for design engineers and manufacturing professionals.
GD&T symbols can help reduce manufacturing errors and improve product quality.

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Design

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Q298. What is tolerance and thair types,

Ans. Tolerance is the allowable variation in a dimension or property of a part or product.

Tolerance is important in manufacturing to ensure parts fit together properly.

There are two types of tolerance: unilateral and bilateral.
Unilateral tolerance allows for variation in only one direction, while bilateral tolerance allows for variation in both directions.
Tolerance can be expressed as a range of values or as a specific value with a plus/minus deviation.
Examples of tolerances include the diameter of a bolt, the thickness of a sheet of metal, and the length of a shaft.

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Q299. Can you read MGPS drawing.?

Ans. Yes, I can read MGPS drawings.
I have experience in reading and interpreting MGPS drawings.

I am familiar with the symbols and conventions used in MGPS drawings.

I can identify the different components and their connections in MGPS drawings.
For example, I have worked on projects involving the installation of MGPS systems in hospitals and clinics.
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Q300. 2. Explain about degree of freedom?

Ans. Degree of freedom refers to the number of independent variables that can be varied in a system.
Degree of freedom is the number of ways a system can move without violating any constraints.
It is the number of independent parameters required to define the position or configuration of a system.
For example, a ball in space has six degrees of freedom - three for position and three for orientation.

In mechanical engineering, degree of freedom is used to determine the number of actuators required to control a system.
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