Design Engineer Interview Insights
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Nominal stress is the maximum stress that a material can withstand before it fails
For mild steel, the nominal stress is typically calculated using the yield strength of the steel
The thickness of the plate also plays a role in determining the nominal stress
The formula for calculating nominal stress is: Nominal stress = Yield strength / Factor of safety
For example, if the yield strength of the mild steel is 250 MPa and the factor of safety is 2, the nominal stress would be 125 MPa
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Q53. What is GD&T, machining operations, fits,CNC & VMC operations, roughness, concentricity, datum and so on.
Ans. GD&T is a system for defining and communicating engineering tolerances. Machining operations involve shaping materials using various tools
and techniques.
GD&T stands for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing, used to specify the allowable variations in form and size of a part.
Machining operations include processes like turning, milling, drilling, and grinding to shape materials into desired forms.
Fits refer to the clearance or interference between mating parts, such as a tig...read more
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Extruded profiles
Thermoformed products
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Ans. In pp plastic material, coating is preferred over painting for better adhesion and durability.
Coating is commonly used on PP plastic material for better adhesion and durability
Painting is less preferred on PP plastic due to poor adhesion and durability
Examples of coatings for PP plastic include polypropylene-specific primers and adhesion promoters
The balloon and the air inside it are both moving with the car, so the buoyant force remains constant.
The buoyant force is determined by the displaced fluid, not the motion of the object.
Therefore, the balloon will continue to float in the same manner regardless of the car's movement.
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Q57. What are the different pros and cons of isometric view and parametric view?
Ans. Isometric view and parametric view have different advantages and disadvantages.
Isometric view provides a 3D representation of an object, making it easier to visualize and understand.
Parametric view allows for easy modification of dimensions and parameters, saving time and effort.
Graphics
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Ans. CHS stands for Circular Hollow Section, a type of steel tube used in construction and engineering.
CHS is commonly used in the construction of buildings, bridges, and other structures.
CHS is often used in applications where weight is a concern, as it is lighter than solid steel.
Use sheet metal tools to add bends, flanges, and other features
Modeling is used to understand the behavior of a system and make predictions about its future behavior.
Simulation requires a detailed model of the system being simulated.
Modeling can be done at different levels of detail, depending on the purpose of the model.
Examples of simulation include flight simulators, weather forecasting models, and traffic flow models.
Examples of modeling include financial models, climate models, and population growth models.
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Extrusion: plastic is melted and forced through a die to create a continuous profile
Rotational molding: powdered plastic is rotated in a mold until it coats the entire surface
They have a higher specific speed compared to other turbine types, making them suitable for low head applications
Examples of low head applications include run-of-river hydroelectric plants and irrigation systems
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Ans. A3 paper sheet size is 297 x 420 mm.
A3 paper size is commonly used for drawings, diagrams, and posters.
It is part of the ISO 216 standard paper sizes.
PFMEA stands for Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, while DFMEA stands for Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis.
PFMEA is used to identify and prioritize potential failure modes in the manufacturing process, while DFMEA is used to identify and prioritize
potential failure modes in the design process.
PFMEA helps in improving the manufacturing process by addressing potential failure modes, while DFMEA helps in improving the design by
addressing potential failure modes.
An example of PFMEA could be identifying a potential failure in a specific manufacturing step that could lead to defects in the final product,
while an example of DFMEA could be identifying a potential failure in a design feature that could lead to safety hazards.
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Minimum reinforcement is specified in codes such as IS 456 for Indian standards and ACI 318 for American standards.
The minimum reinforcement depends on factors such as the size of the member, the type of loading, and the exposure conditions.
For example, the minimum reinforcement for a column may be 0.8% of the cross-sectional area for mild exposure conditions.
Similarly, the minimum reinforcement for a beam may be 0.85% of the cross-sectional area for moderate exposure conditions.
The minimum reinforcement for a slab may be 0.12% of the cross-sectional area for mild exposure conditions.
The minimum reinforcement is provided to ensure that the member can resist the applied loads and maintain its shape and integrity.
The actual reinforcement provided may be higher than the minimum reinforcement depending on the design requirements and detailing
considerations.
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Q68. What is a stress and strain Different b/w 1 st angle and 3 rd angle Detail of drowning Details in Solidworks command
Ans. Answering questions related to stress and strain, drawing, and Solidworks commands.
Stress is the force per unit area applied to a material, while strain is the deformation caused by stress.
First angle and third angle projection are two methods of representing a 3D object in 2D drawings.
The software allows for accurate measurements, annotations, and layering of designs.
AutoCAD files can be easily shared and edited by multiple users.
Proficiency in AutoCAD is often a requirement for design engineering roles.
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It is used to determine the type of flow (laminar or turbulent) that occurs over a surface.
Renloyds number is calculated using the formula: Re = (ρ * V * L) / μ, where ρ is the density of the fluid, V is the velocity of the fluid, L is a
characteristic length, and μ is ...read more
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Ans. K factor and bend allowance are important factors in sheet metal bending.
K factor is a ratio that determines the location of the neutral axis in relation to the thickness of the material.
Bend allowance is the amount of material that is required to make a bend.
K factor and bend allowance are used to calculate the length of material needed for a bend.
K factor and bend allowance vary depending on the material being used and the type of bend being made.
K factor and bend allowance are important for ensuring accurate and consistent bends in sheet metal.
It is typically between 0.5 to 3 degrees, depending on the material and part design.
A larger shut off angle may be required for parts with deep cavities or complex geometries.
Improper shut off angle can lead to part defects like flash or incomplete filling of the mold.
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Q73. What are the types of welds you have used? and on what basis will you select the type of weld?
Ans. Types of welds include fillet welds, groove welds, plug welds, and slot welds. Selection is based on joint design, material thickness, and strength
requirements.
Fillet welds are used for lap joints and T-joints
Groove welds are used for butt joints and can be V-groove, U-groove, or J-groove
Plug welds are used to fill holes in one of the parts being joined
Slot welds are used to join overlapping parts with a slot cut in one of the parts
Plastic is often chosen for its low cost, lightweight properties, and design flexibility.
Sheet metal is preferred for its strength, durability, and ability to be easily formed into complex shapes.
Plastic is commonly used in consumer products like electronics casings, while sheet metal is often used in automotive and aerospace industries.
The choice between plastic and sheet metal depends on the specific requirements of the project, such as budget, strength, and aesthetics.
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K factor determines how much a sheet metal part will stretch during bending.
It is used in calculating the bend allowance to determine the flat pattern length of the sheet metal.
Different materials and thicknesses have different K factors.
Draft angle is the slight taper given to vertical surfaces of a mold to allow for easy removal of the part.
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Plastic shrinkage can lead to warping or distortion if not properly accounted for in the design.
Draft angles are typically between 1-3 degrees, depending on the material and geometry of the part.
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Draft angles help prevent the part from getting stuck in the mold during ejection
Examples of draft angles include adding a slight taper to the sides of a plastic cup or the walls of a plastic housing
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Q83. If you have 1000 KVA Transformer then LT side breaker size and cable size?
Ans. The LT side breaker size for a 1000 KVA transformer would typically be around 800A and the cable size would be around 400mm2.
LT side breaker size is usually around 80% of the transformer rating, so for a 1000 KVA transformer, it would be around 800A.
Cable size for the LT side would depend on the current carrying capacity required, typically around 2 times the breaker size, so around 400mm2.
It is important to consult with electrical standards and regulations to determine the exact breaker size and cable size needed.
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Q85. CELL BALANCING, PROTECTION IN BATTERIES, HOW BLDC MOTOR DRIVER WORK
Ans. Cell balancing ensures equal charge distribution in batteries. BLDC motor driver controls the operation of brushless DC motors.
Cell balancing is the process of equalizing the charge levels of individual cells in a battery pack to maximize performance and lifespan.
It is achieved by transferring charge between cells or by adjusting the charging/discharging rates of individual cells.
Cell balancing prevents overcharging or over-discharging of cells, which can lead to reduced capacity, overheating, or even safety hazards.
Battery management systems (BMS) often incorporate cell balancing functionality to ensure optimal battery performance.
BLDC motor driver controls the operation of brushless DC motors by providing the necessary power and control signals to the motor's windings.
It uses electronic commutation to switch the current flow in the motor's windings, resulting in smooth and efficient motor operation.
BLDC motor drivers can vary in complexity, from simple integrated circuits to more advanced microcontroller-based systems.
They are commonly used in applications such as electric vehicles, drones, and industrial automation.
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It includes the production of solar panels, solar cells, and other related equipment
Solar energy is used for various purposes such as electricity generation, heating, and cooling
The industry is heavily dependent on government policies and incentives
Major players in the industry include companies like SunPower, First Solar, and Canadian Solar
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Q87. What GD and T What are material you are taking Kind of weldments Mmc and lmc Cad test must Earlier experience related
questions mostly Basic calculations for weldments Sheet metals related
Ans. Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) is a system for defining and communicating engineering tolerances. It is essential for design
engineers to understand GD&T for accurate manufacturing.
GD&T is used to specify the allowable variations in form, size, and orientation of features on a part.
Materials selection is crucial for design engineers to ensure the desired mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and cost-effectiveness of
the final product.
Different types of weldments include fillet welds, groove welds, plug welds, and spot welds.
Maximum Material Condition (MMC) and Least Material Condition (LMC) are GD&T symbols used to specify the maximum and minimum allowable
sizes of a feature.
CAD testing is essential for design engineers to validate the design, check for interferences, and optimize the product for manufacturing.
Experience-related questions may focus on previous projects, challenges faced, and solutions implemented.
Basic calculations for weldments include determining weld size, throat thickness, and weld length.
Sheet metal design involves considerations such as bend allowances, bend deductions, and minimum bend radii.
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For example, in a simply supported beam with a uniform load, the Neutral Axis will be at the centroid of the beam's cross-section.
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Circularity measures the overall roundness of a circle, while circular run out measures the variation in the center point of the circle as it rotates.
Both measurements are important in ensuring the proper functioning of rotating parts in machinery.
For example, in a car engine, circularity ensures that pistons move smoothly within cylinders, while circular run out ensures that the crankshaft
rotates without wobbling.
Polypropylene (PP)
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
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Polystyrene (PS)
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Polyurethane (PU)
Polycarbonate (PC)
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The symbol for position tolerance is a circle with a horizontal line through the middle
It is used in engineering drawings to specify the allowable deviation in the location of a feature
Position tolerance controls the location of a feature relative to a specified datum
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Q93. If you dropdown end of pipe in the bucket, whether discharge will increase, decrease, same,
Ans. The discharge will increase when the end of pipe is dropped down in the bucket.
Dropping the end of pipe in the bucket will increase the head pressure and hence the discharge.
The height of the water column above the end of the pipe will increase, resulting in higher pressure.
This is similar to the concept of a siphon, where the height difference between the two ends of the pipe determines the flow rate.
However, if the end of the pipe is completely submerged in the water, the discharge will remain the same.
This is because the pressure at the end of the pipe will be equal to the atmospheric pressure, which is not affected by the height of the water
column.
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Q94. What factors are you consider when you going to start concept design
Ans. Factors considered for concept design
Client requirements and specifications
Market research and analysis
Draft angles improve the overall quality and consistency of the molded part
Common draft angles range from 1 to 3 degrees, depending on the material and design
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Q96. How many types of tolrence and Full form of Autocad. and what is the use of autocad like this. And basic questions of
measuring instruments. like micrometer and caliper.
Ans. Types of tolerance include bilateral, unilateral, and limit. AutoCAD stands for Automatic Computer Aided Design. It is used for creating 2D and
3D designs. Measuring instruments like micrometers and calipers are used for precise measurements.
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AutoCAD is used for creating 2D and 3D designs
Measuring instruments like micrometers and calipers are used for precise measurements
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CAD Software
The machinist must also ensure that the finished product meets the required specifications and tolerances.
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Washers may be used to distribute the load and prevent damage to the components being joined
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