mate Conte Physical Science Quarter 1 - Module 9: Catalyst CO_Q1_Physical Science SHS Module 9Physical Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 — Module 9: Catalyst First Edition 2024 Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that “no copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government ofthe Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agoncy or office may, among other things, impose as @ condition the payment of royalties.” Borrowed materials (ie., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Evary effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writer: X-handi B. Fallarna Editors: Robert G. Yumul, Felipa A. Morada Reviewers: Nolson Evangelista, Ramonito 0. Elumbaring, Angelica J. Macaraeg, Folipa A. Morada Mlustrator: Francis Victor A. Medrano Layout Artist: Mark Bryan F. Valencia, Mary Grace L. Asa, Pamela A. Lalusin, Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas Job 8. Zape Jr Ramonito O. Elumbaring Reicon C. Condes Elaine T. Balaogan Fe M. Ong-ongowan Homer N. Memdoza Catherine V. Maranan Edita T. Olan Editha M. Malian Department of Education — Region IV-A CALABARZON Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro Cainta, Rizal 1800 Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 E-mail Address: _region4a@[Link]Senior High School Physical Science Quarter 1 - Module 9: Catalyst DepEDIntroductory Message This Sclf-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you necd to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher's assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you.&) What I Need to Know ‘This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you to define catalyst and describe how it affects reaction rate. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using ‘The module contains discussion about catalyst as one of the factors affecting the reaction rate. After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. deseribe the concept of catalyst; 2. present catalyst as an effective means of affecting the reaction rate; and 3. realize the importance of catalyst and how it affects your life. @) What I Know Pre-Assessment Modified TRUE or FALSE. Directions nthe space at the left, write TRUE ifthe statement is true. Ifthe statement is false, change the italicized word to make it correct. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper, A catalyst is a substance that can be added to a reaction to increase the reaction rate without getting consumed in the process. 2. Heat is not a catalyst since it can't be taken out of the reaction in the same amount it was inputted into the 3. Catalysts increase the rates of chemical reactions by raising the activation energy of the reactions. CO_Q1_Physical Science SHS 1 Module 94. Collisions only result in a reaction if the particles collide with a certain maximum energy called the activation energy of the reaction. 5. A chemical reaction may be energetically favorable (ie. exothermic), and so if the activation barrier is high (ic. the activation energy is high), the reaction rate may be extremely slow. 6. Decreasing the concentration of reactants increases the collision frequency between reacting particles. 7. Increasing the concentration of a substance increases the Kinetic energy of the particles that make up the substance 8, Raising the temperature of a reaction increases the rate of the reaction by increasing the energy of the collisions between reacting particles. 9. Lowering the surface area of a reactant increases the rate of the reaction. 10. Catalysts permit reactions to proceed along a higher energy path. 11. Smaller particle size allows for a larger surface area to be exposed for the reaction. 12. Temperature is the measure of how much arca of an object is exposed. 13. Grains of sugar have a greater surface area than a solid cube of sugar of the same mass, and therefore will dissolve quicker in water. 14. Decreasing the temperature causes the particles (atoms or molecules) of the reactants to move more quickly so that they collide with each other more frequently and with more energy 15. Catalyst describes the idea that atoms, ions, and molecules must collide in order to react. CO_Q1_Physical Science SHS Module 9Catalyst Reaction rates generally increase with increasing reactant concentration, increasing temperature, and the addition of a catalyst. Physical properties such as high solubility also increase reaction rates. Solvent polarity can cither increase or decrease the rate of reaction, but increasing solvent viscosity generally decreases reaction rates. This information is obtained by studying the chemical kinetics of a reaction, which depend on various factors: reactant concentrations, temperature, physical states and surface areas of reactants, and solvent and catalyst properties if either are present. & What’s In Activity 1 Word Search Directions: Copy the table on a separate sheet of paper. Search and encircle to unlock the pool of words in the box then use them by filling in the blanks to complete the passage. Write your answer on another sheet of paper. ~/=|><|+|5]o|>|o)2\/0|> vo alzlal>|s|>|c|- 05. axcogszlo|z > 0l< 3 )<[-ie +) celal zl> 570] <3] >| xo|r9|-0] Ie] -3-<|— =|=|>|2]a|-4)>|5]0]>|4/e 10, cele |s4)-|olo|m) ale) >|m zufo-mcal<|zicia ez 1 s3|t9|0|+¢|2/|7|0]e3|0/o|m 'z\2|-|z|0|3)-|s|o|2|+/z|0 Z2]olol<|dlolalaluly alo, wee eo <<|a ale =< zalolwlm|-/<|alz/almole pala se) zia |z|0/-lz|>|a]0/z|z zz ]o)z|t9|-~)z|<|)—| 4. os|s)z10|0/¢||x)5)0/2/- CO_Q1_Physical Science SHS 3 Module 9Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction Concentration Activation energy ‘Temperature Particle Size Increasing the of a system increases the average kinetic eneray of its constituent particles. As the average kinetic energy increases, the particles move faster and collide more frequently per unit time and possess greater cnerey when they collide. When the of all the reactants increases, more molecules or ions interact to form new compounds, and the rate of reaction increases. When solids and liquids react, increasing the surface area of the solid will increase the reaction rate. A decrease in causes an increase in the solid’s total surface area. Collisions only result in a reaction if the particles collide with a certain minimum energy called the __ for the reaction. The position of activation energy can be determined on a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. To increase the rate of a reaction, the number of successful collisions must be increased. One possible way of doing this is to provide an alternative way for the reaction to happen which has a lower activation eneray. Adding has this effect on activation eneray. It provides an alternative route for the reaction with a lower activation energy. Catalysts are everywhere! Many biochemical processes, such as the oxidation of glucose, are heavily dependent on , proteins that behave as catalysts. CO_Q1_Physical Science SHS Module 9" ay Notes to the Teacher A Word of Caution! Care must be taken when discussing how a catalyst operates. A catalyst provides an alternative route for the reaction with a lower activation energy. It does not “lower the activation energy of the reaction”. There is a subtle difference between the two statements with a simple analogy. Suppose there is a mountain between two valleys such that the only way for people to get from one valley to the other is over the mountain. Only the most active people will manage to get from one valley to the other Now suppose a tunnel is cut through the mountain. Many more people will now manage to get from one valley to the other by this easier route. It could be said that the tunnel route has a lower activation energy than going over the mountain, but the mountain itself is not lowered. The tunnel has provided an altemative route but has not lowered the original one. The original mountain is still there, and some people still choose to climb it. In chemical terms, if particles collide with enough energy, they can still react in exactly the same way as if the catalyst was not there; it is simply that the majority of particles will react via the easier catalyzed route. CO_Q1_Physical Science SHS Module 9What’s New Excellent! You are good in analyzing information, As a reward, I will share a story with you. Wow, I do love hearing stories. Can’t wait any longer Professor X. 1am more than glad and happy hearing that from you, I'l just get my book and read it for you. CO_Q1_Physical Science SHS 6 Module 9It was the final performance task for the Grade 11 students, Maria and Anna, under the TVL Track. Their teacher asked them to bake a ' bread that’s worth #15.00. They both managed H to bake Enzymada Bread as their product. ‘ Maria added cheese and sprinkled sugar on top of it while Anna made the old style recipe of Enzymada with margarine and sprinkled sugar. Both tasted great and were presented very well. / However Anna’s Enzymada looked a half bigger ; than Maria’s giving it an approval for the \ proposed price. ‘That sound’s interesting and appetizing! What makes their bread size different? In baking, Baker's yeast is the common name {or the strains of yeast commonly used in baking bread and bakery products, serving, as aleavening agent which causes the bread to rise (expand and become lighter and softer) by converting the fermentable sugars present in the dough into carbon dioxide and ethanol. The yeast act as the catalyst in the process. It increases the rate of reaction without itself being consumed. There are also some fruits that are allected by catalysts. CO_Q1_Physical Science SHS 7 Module 9Activity 1.1 So, apples go brown when their flesh reacts with air. In the pictures below, which apple will go brown the quickest? Why? (Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.) ED a QUIS Figure 2: Apple set upe in different sizes. What is It Key Terms + Activation energy: the minimum energy sequired for a reaction to oceur. © Catalysis: the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering ite activation energy. + Transition state: an intermediate state during a chemical reaction that has a higher energy than the reactants or the products. + Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: a probability distribution used for describing the speeds of various particles within a stationary container at a specific temperature. The distribution is often represented with a graph, with the y-axis defined as the number of molecules and the x-axis defined as the speed. CO_Q1_Physical Science SHS 8 Module 9The Effect of a Catalyst on Rate of Reaction This part explains how adding a catalyst affects the rate of reaction. It assumes familiarity with basic concepts in the collision theory of reaction rates, and with the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular energies in a gas. A catalyst is a substance which speeds up a reaction, but is chemically unchanged at its end. When the reaction has finished, the mass of catalyst is the same as at the beginning Several examples of catalyzed reactions and their respective catalysts are given below: Reaction Catalyst Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide | manganese(lV) oxide, MnO2 Nitration of benzene concentrated sulfuric acid Manufacture of ammonia by the Haber | iron Process Conversion of S02 into $03 during the | vanadium|V) oxide, Contact Process to make sulfuric acid Hydrogenation of a C=C double bond —_| nickel The Importance of Activation Energy Collisions only result in a reaction if the particles collide with a certain minimum energy called the activation energy for the reaction. The position of activation energy can be determined on a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution: ‘The mumber of particles represented by (Only the mumiber of particles represented the ven under his part of the curve Dy the area under Us par of the curve don't have enough energy to react. Ihave high enough energies wo react. ember of particles CO_Q1_Physical Science SHS 9 Module 9Only those particles represented by the area to the right of the activation energy will react when they collide. The majority do not have enough energy, and will simply bounce apart. To increase the rate of a reaction, the number of successful collisions must be increased. One possible way of doing this is to provide an alternative way for the reaction to happen which has a lower activation energy. In other words, to move the activation energy to the left on the graph; Now al these extra enough energy to Original, only the react a5 wel spumber of prt: represontod bythe ‘ren under thie part ofthe curve hind high enough umber of parisien particles which font have enough energy to eact a Ae new seivation eneray erg acivation energy Adding a catalyst has this effect on activation energy. A catalyst provides an alternative route for the reaction with a lower activation energy. This is illustrated on the following energy profile: PROGRESS OF REACTION CO_Q1_Physical Science SHS 10 Module 9CR) What’s More Activity 1.2 Guide Questions Catalyst is one of the factors that can affect the rate of reaction along with concentration, temperature, and size of the particles as discussed on the previous module. The video links below show a simple experiment and a discussion on how catalyst react with substances, hence affecting its rate. Angwer the guide questions below after watching each video, Link 1: “What Are Catalysts? | Reactions | Chemistry | FuseSchool”. Accessed May 23, 2020, httos://[Link]/watch2v-m 9bp7ep1OM&t=41s, Link 2: “Demonstration of a Catalyst | Experiment". Accessed May 23, 2020, hnttps://www. youtube com/watch?v=SIpGbhaPa7e Link 1: Guide Questions L. 2. 3. What is a catalyst? How does catalyst work? In the video, where are catalysts used in everyday life? Link 2: Guide Questions L. What substance in the experiment contains catalyst that helps in the reaction? What happens when the yeast is added to the hydrogen peroxide? . What enzyme catalyst was produced by the substance? How would you differentiate catalyst from temperature as a factor affecting the rate of reaction? What is the significance of putting flame on the solution in the experiment? CO_Q1_Physical Science SHS i Module 9e) What I Have Learned Activity 1.3 Critical Thinking Complete the group of words to form relevant ideas about the lesson. Do this in a separate sheet of paper. >» A catalyst is. > Anenzyme. v Activation energy is related to rate of reaction because. v Without catalyst, life is What I Can Do Activity 1.4 Acrostic Poem Now that you have leamed the nature of catalyst, make an acrostic poem using the word CATALYST. In making the poem you may also write the importance of catalyst in our daily life. Do this in a separate shest of paper. CO_Q1_Physical Science SHS p Module 9Multiple Choice Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on a separate sheet of paper. 1. How docs a catalyst work in speeding up a reaction? fa. by lowering the activation energy or reaction. b. by giving them more energy, c. by making them more available. d. none of these. 2. What is the name given to a catalyst in the human body? ‘a. Biology c. Catalyst b. Chemical d. Enzyme 3. How is catalyst different from a reactant? a. Adding more catalyst speeds up the rate of reaction. b. Adding more catalyst slows down the rate of reaction. ©. The catalyst is not used up in the reaction, d. The catalyst increases the activation energy of the reaction. 4. The rate of a chemical reaction is NOT affected by which of the following? a. Temperature ¢. Concentration b. Particle size d. All of these affect reaction rate 5. Which of the following will lower the rate of reaction? a. Adding an enzyme to the reaction. 1b. Decreasing the temperature from 40°C to 10°C. ©. Breaking a chunk of calcium up into smaller pieces. d. Increasing the amount of solute dissolved in solution. 6. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a catalyst? a. It participates in the reaction. _¢. [t enhances the equilibrium rate b. It activates equilibrium, d. It initializes the reaction. 7. What must happen before a chemical reaction can beain? The activation eneray must be exceeded. The activation energy must be reached. The concentration of reactant molecules must be reduced. ‘The concentrations of products and reactants must be equal. poe CO_Q1_Physical Science SHS 13 Module 98. Which factor/s help/s explain why so many collisions fail to produce products? Choose all that apply. a. Number of collisions ¢. Orientation b. Activation energy d. Energy released by reaction 9. Which of the following is a/are way/s to increase the speed of reaction? Choose all that apply. fa. Raise the temperature. c. Add a catalyst. b. Add more reactants. d. Add more products. [Link] two (2) options that will INCREASE the rate of reaction, a. reducing heat c. adding catalyst b. adding heat d. removing catalys [Link] minimum amount of eneray needed for colliding particles to react is called the a. Activation Energy c. Kinetic Energy ®. Chemical Energy d. Potential Enerey 12.A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up during the reaction is called a a. Catalyst c. Reactant b. Product d. Solute [Link] permit reactions to proceed along a energy path. a. higher ¢. restricted b. lower d. none of these, [Link] will form faster if the particle size of the reactants are larger. b. temperature is decreased ©. concentration of the reactants are increased, d. the reaction is not is not stirred. [Link] particle size allows for a surface arca to be exposed for the reaction. a. larger c. Smaller b. rectangular . Spherical CO_Q1_Physical Science SHS a Module 9Additional Activities Activity 1.5 In your daily living, list (five) 5 activities and its acting catalysts that you observe affecting the reaction rate. It can be present when you are eating, washing clothes and others. Do this in a separate sheet of paper. CO_Q1_Physical Science SHS 1s Module 9References Boone, Silvester. “Slideplayer”. Rates of Reaction. Accessed May 23, 2020, [Link] “Chemistry Libretexts”. Factors that Affect Reaction Rates. Accessed May 23, 2020, httos://chem [Link]/Bookshelves/Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Textbook M ‘2ps/Supplemental Modules (Physical and Theoretical Chemistry)/Kinetics/Reaction Rates, Factors That Affect Reaction Rates Clark, Jim. “Chemistry Libretexts”. The Effect of a Catalyst on Rate of Reaction. Accessed May 23, 2020, [Link] libretexts org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Modules_and Websites (Ino ‘ganic Chemistry)/Catalysic/The Effect of a Catalyst on Rate of Reaction “Khan Academy”. Types of Catalysts. Accessed May 23, 2020, hittps://[Link]/science/chemistry/chem-kinetics/arrhenius= equation/a/types CO_Q1_Physical Science SHS 18 Module 9For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bidg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985 Email Address: [Link]@deped gov. ph * bir Ipd@[Link]