Overview

Machine Elements
1 Columns

Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq, Ph.D., CEA, FBSME, FIEB

2 Springs
Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET)
3 Gears
Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
[Link] 4 Beams

ME 101 : Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

5 Bearings
[Link]

© Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Machine Elements ME 101: 2024 1 / 15 © Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Machine Elements ME 101: 2024 2 / 15

Columns

Key Machine Elements · · · Columns

012345
012345 6789
6789
T1537

T1890 T1891 T1544

Compression members are widely used in machinery of all types. A

column is a slender compression member that deforms laterally, or
T1544
buckles, before stresses reach the yield strength of the material.
In buckling, loads below a critical value can be supported, but once
T1536 the critical load is exceeded, large deformations result.
© Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Machine Elements ME 101: 2024 3 / 15 © Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Machine Elements ME 101: 2024 4 / 15
 Columns Springs

Euler Column Formula and Critical Load Springs

0 0 0 0 0

1234578
9 5
7 
; 1"5; 1"8;

7"1;
25753 545 455 45855 4545
3 5 ./0"1 ./1"5 ./7"1 ./1"8
33 ./0"1 ./1"65 ./7"01 ./1"9
T1545

3 5 A spring is a flexible machine element used to exert a force or a torque

T1546
i2 23 23 23 2:3
2 
 
 7
 55 25
 5 5
!45 25545!45
h
π and, at the same time, store energy.
Pcr = Le /r EA 2587 3537  3537 
5!" #$%&'$()'# 344735! Energy is stored in the solid that is bent, twisted, stretched, or
Le /r > 100 255855!45 *&''+$$()'#,
3537  compressed to form the spring. The energy is recoverable by the
T1543 '-&&'$()'#"
Le = KL elastic return of the distorted material.
© Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Machine Elements ME 101: 2024 5 / 15 © Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Machine Elements ME 101: 2024 6 / 15

Springs Gears

Automotive Springs Gears

Gears are very popular power transmission devices, combining the attributes
of high efficiency, long and maintenance-free service life, reasonable
manufacturing cost, and relatively large torque capability in a compact size.

T1547
T1549

01
2 5273
35617389
T1556

3562891
311 32913 T1557

T1548 1253 T1558

© Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Machine Elements ME 101: 2024 7 / 15 © Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Machine Elements ME 101: 2024 8 / 15
 012301451637

89 

Gears Gears

 
Spur Gears Helical Gears

9
012301451637

89 

 

T1550 T1538 T1551

9
Spur gears are parallel-axis gears with straight teeth. These are the Helical gears are parallel-axis gears with teeth cut on helix that wraps
simplest and the most common type of gear, as well as the easiest to around cylinder. These have greater load-carrying capacity than spur gears
manufacture. of the same size.

© Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Machine Elements ME 101: 2024 9 / 15 © Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Machine Elements ME 101: 2024 10 / 15

Gears Gears

Bevel Gears Worm Gears

T1553
T1552

Bevel gears have nonparallel axes that lie in the same plane. Usually, Worm gears are unique in that they cannot be back-driven; that is, the
bevel gears are mounted perpendicular to each other, but almost any shaft worm can drive the worm gear, but the worm gear cannot drive the worm.
angle can be accommodated. This is a function of the thread geometry and is referred to as self-locking.

© Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Machine Elements ME 101: 2024 11 / 15 © Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Machine Elements ME 101: 2024 12 / 15
 Beams Bearings

Beams Rolling Contact Bearing

Beams are structural members, subjected to transverse loads. Examples
include machinery shafts, building floor joists, leaf springs, automobile
frame members and numerous other machine and structural components.

T1554

(a) Deep groove ball bearing; (b) cylindrical roller bearing; (c) needle bearing
T1562 with drawn cup and no inner race. In such a circumstance, the needles roll on a
T1563 ground and hardened shaft. (d) Tapered roller bearing; (e) thrust ball bearing.
© Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Machine Elements ME 101: 2024 13 / 15 © Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Machine Elements ME 101: 2024 14 / 15

Bearings Bearings

Journal Bearing Lubrication & Lubricants

A lubricant (sometimes shortened to lube) is a substance that helps to

reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately
reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move. Key functions of
lubrication systems are:
◮ reduce friction between mating machine parts,
T1555
◮ cools moving parts,
◮ seals the macro-gap between mating parts,
◮ reduces rust formation and the system lifetime is extended
Journal bearings: the bearing surfaces are parallel to the axis of rotation,
Classifications of lubricants:
Journal bearings are used to support shafts and to carry radial loads with
1 liquid lubricants: mineral oils and synthetic oils.
very low power loss and extremely low wear. The journal bearing can be
2 solid lubricants: graphite.
represented by a plain cylindrical sleeve (bushing) wrapped around the 3 semi-liquid lubricant: grease.
journal (shaft) but can adopt a variety of forms. The lubricant is supplied
at some convenient location in the bearing through a hole or a groove.
© Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Machine Elements ME 101: 2024 15 / 15 © Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Machine Elements ME 101: 2024 16 / 15