Problem set 9
Linear Algebra (MAT-1001/ CS-2210)
Course Instructor : Sagar Shrivastava
TF: Tuhin Mondal
TF: Rithik Labroo
TF: Partha Sarathi Ghosh
1. Determine the set of all 3 × 3, 4 × 4, 5 × 5 matrices having the minimal polynomial (λ − 3)2 (λ − 2).
2. Let V be a finite dimensional complex inner product space, and T : V → V is a linear operator.
(a) Give a simple argument to say that ⟨T v, w⟩ = 0, ∀v, w ∈ V , then T is the zero operator.
(b) Show that
1
⟨T v, w⟩ = (⟨T (v + w), v + w⟩ − ⟨T (v − w), v − w⟩ + i⟨T (v + iw), v + iw⟩ − i⟨T (v − iw), v − iw⟩) .
4
(c) From above or otherwise, deduce that ⟨T (v), v⟩ = 0 ∀v ∈ V then T is the zero operator.
(d) If V = R2 as a real inner product space, then show that there exists non-zero linear operator
T such that ⟨T (v), v⟩ = 0, ∀v ∈ V . (Hint: can a linear transformation make two vectors
orthogonal?)
(e) T is a normal operator if T ∗ T = T T ∗ . Show that if T is normal, then ||T ∗ v|| = ||T v||, ∀v ∈
V.
(f) If ||T ∗ v|| = ||T v|| ∀v ∈ V, then show that ⟨T ∗ T − T T ∗ (v), v⟩ = 0, ∀v ∈ V.
(g) From above or otherwise, deduce that T is normal if and only if ||T ∗ v|| = ||T v||, ∀v ∈ V.
3. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix with χA (x) = (x − λ)3 = mA (x). Show that A is similar to B, where
λ 1 0
B = 0 λ 1 .
0 0 λ
4. Let A be a n × n matrix such that χA (x) = (x − λ1 )α1 (x − λ2 )α2 · · · (x − λk )αk and mA (x) = (x −
λ1 )β1 (x − β2 )α2 · · · (x − λk )βk , and let GES(λi ) = N ull((A − λi )αi ) be the generalised eigenspace.
Show that
V = GES(λ1 ) ⊕ GES(λ2 ) ⊕ · · · ⊕ GES(λk ).
5. Find the rank and nullity of the matrix A where the characteristic polynomial is given by:
(a) χA (λ) = λ5 + 5λ3 + 81λ2
(b) χA (λ) = λ3 − 4λ2 + 3λ
(c) χA (λ) = λ4 − 2λ3 − 5λ2
(d) χA (λ) = λ5 − 3λ4 + 2λ3
(e) χA (λ) = λ6 + 6λ5 − 7λ4
6. For the given matrices, compute their characteristic polynomials, minimal polynomials, eigenvalues
and eigenvectors, the algebraic and geometric multiplicity of the eigenvalue, and conclude which
matrices are diagonalisable.
6 2 −1 8 4 2 20 6 4 2
(a) 2 3 0 (c) 4 5 1 6 10 2 1
(e)
−1 0 −1 2 1 −1 4 2 8 3
2 1 3 6
2 1 −1 0
10 4 2 1 0 1 −1
(d)
(b) 4 5 1
−1 1 −1 2
2 1 2 0 −1 2 1
Problem set 9
Linear Algebra (MAT-1001/ CS-2210)
Course Instructor : Sagar Shrivastava
TF: Tuhin Mondal
TF: Rithik Labroo
TF: Partha Sarathi Ghosh
10 3 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
3 5 1 0 (g) 0 1 0 (i) 0 1 1
(f)
2
1 4 2 0 0 1 0 0 1
1 0 2 3
1 1 0
(h) 0 1 1
0 0 1
7. Compute the Singular value decomposition of the following matrices:
3 2 2 4 3 2 4
(a) (c)
2 3 −2 8 6 (e) 3 3
3 2
4 2
2 3 4 (d) 2 3 4 8
(b) (f)
4 3 2 2 −2 3 6
8. Compute the QR decomposition of the following matrices:
2 −6 0 5 −10 −9 5 6 −6
(a) 6 −8 −6 (b) 3 −6 −8 (c) −10 −9 8
5 −8 −2 0 −7 −4 −4 4 −8
9. Compute the Cholesky factorization of the following matrices:
137 124 69 12 23 30 77 18 88
(a) 124 128 86 (b) 23 73 84 (c) 18 9 20
69 86 96 30 84 111 88 20 109
10. Compute the Polar decomposition of the following matrices:
5 6 −6 6 2 −1 11 6 3
(a) 88 20 109 (b) 3 −6 −8 (c) 0 2 5
5 −8 −2 5 −4 −2 1 2 −8