SYE3102 Quality Engineering
Tutorial 4
Acceptance Sampling
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Tutorial 4.1 (Acceptance Sampling)
• Population size 1000 and 10% nonconforming items
• A sampling plan (12, 2) is used
1. What is the probability that the lot is rejected?
2. What is the producer’s risk? (If p0=0.03)
3. What is the consumer’s risk? (If p1=0.08)
Solution for Tutorial 4.1
• Population size 1000 and 10% nonconforming items
• A sampling plan (12, 2) is used
1. What is the probability that the lot is rejected?
• 𝑛 = 12: 12 items are sampled.
• 𝑐 = 2: the maximum number of nonconforming items allowed for the lot to be
accepted.
• Since 10% of the lot is nonconforming, the probability p that any single item is
nonconforming is 0.1.
• Answer: 𝑃(𝑋 > 2) = 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 3)
Solution for Tutorial 4.1
• Population size 1000 and 10% nonconforming items
• A sampling plan (12, 2) is used
1. What is the probability that the lot is rejected?
• Answer: 𝑃 𝑋 > 2 = 𝑃 𝑋 ≥ 3 = 1 − P 𝑋 = 0 − 𝑃 𝑋 = 1 − 𝑃(𝑋 = 2)
Solution for Tutorial 4.1
• Population size 1000 and 10% nonconforming items
• A sampling plan (12, 2) is used
Operating characteristic (OC) curves
2. What is the producer’s risk? p0=0.03
(the acceptable quality level where the
producer wants the lot to be accepted)
3. What is the consumer’s risk? p1=0.08
(the limit at which the consumer would
reject the lot)
Solution for Tutorial 4.1
• Population size 1000 and 10% nonconforming items
• A sampling plan (12, 2) is used
Operating characteristic (OC) curves
2. What is the producer’s risk? p0=0.03
3. What is the consumer’s risk? p1=0.08
• The consumer‘s risk is the value on the OC
curve that corresponds to p=p0
• The producer's risk is the value on the OC
curve that corresponds to p=p1
Solution for Tutorial 4.1
• Population size 1000 and 10% nonconforming items
• A sampling plan (12, 2) is used (n=12, c=2)
2. What is the producer’s risk? p0=0.03 Binomial distribution
12
P(X=0)= 0.03 ! (0.97)"#
0
𝛼 = 𝑃 𝑋 > 2|𝑝 = 0.03 = 1 − 𝑃 𝑋 ≤ 2 12
P(X=1)= 0.03 " (0.97)""
=1− 𝑃 𝑋 =0 +𝑃 𝑋 =1 +𝑃 𝑋 =2 1
12
P(X=2)= 0.03 # (0.97)"!
𝛼 ≈ 0.0048 2
Solution for Tutorial 4.1
• Population size 1000 and 10% nonconforming items
• A sampling plan (12, 2) is used (n=12, c=2)
3. What is the consumer’s risk? p1=0.08 Binomial distribution
12
P(X=0)= 0.08 ! (0.92)"#
0
12
P(X=1)= 0.08 " (0.92)""
𝛽 = 𝑃 𝑋 ≤ 2|𝑝 = 0.08 1
12
P(X=2)= 0.08 # (0.92)"!
=𝑃 𝑋 =0 +𝑃 𝑋 =1 +𝑃 𝑋 =2 2
𝛽 ≈ 0.935
Tutorial 4.2 (ANOVA)
• There are four suppliers of a certain type of raw material for a product.
Three tests are carried out for each supplier.
• (p=4, r=3)
• Suppose that SST=140.9 (total sum of squares) and SSE=24.0 (error sum of squares)
• Use ANOVA to evaluate the four suppliers with 𝛼=0.05.
Solution for Tutorial 4.2
There are four suppliers of a certain type of raw material for a product. Three tests are
carried out for each supplier.
Source SS DF MS F
Based on the question, we know that:
Factor 116.9 3
• SST=140.9 and SSE=24.0 (given by question)
• SSF=140.9-24.0=116.9 Error 24.0 (SSE) 8
• The total number is 12 (df=12-1=11) Total 140.9 (SST) 11
• Number of levels is 4 (df=4-1=3)
• df for error is 12-4=11-3=8
• Null hypothesis 𝐻! : 𝜇" = 𝜇# = 𝜇$ = 𝜇%
• Alternative hypothesis 𝐻" : at least one 𝜇& is
different from the others, for 𝑖 =1, 2, 3, 4.
Lecture note – Part V Page 86
Solution for Tutorial 4.2
(p=4, r=3)
• Complete ANOVA table:
Source SS DF MS F
Factor 116.9 3 =116.9/3
=38.97
Error 24.0 8 =24.0/8
=3.0
Total 140.9 11
Lecture note – Part V Page 79 & 80
Solution for Tutorial 4.2
(p=4, r=3)
• Complete ANOVA table:
Source SS DF MS F
Factor 116.9 3 =116.9/3 =38.97/3.0
=38.97 =12.99
Error 24.0 8 =24.0/8
=3.0
Total 140.9 11
𝐹 = 12.99 ⭕ 𝐹!"#$#!%& = ? 𝐹!"#$#!%& = 𝐹'.'),+,,
Solution for Tutorial 4.2
(p=4, r=3)
• Complete ANOVA table:
Source SS DF MS F
F-distribution table Factor 116.9 3 =116.9/3 =38.97/3.0
=38.97 =12.99
Error 24.0 8 =24.0/8
=3.0
Total 140.9 11
𝐹!"#$#!%& = 𝐹'.'),+,, = 4.07
Solution for Tutorial 4.2
(p=4, r=3)
• Complete ANOVA table:
Source SS DF MS F
Factor 116.9 3 =116.9/3 =38.97/3.0
=38.97 =12.99
Error 24.0 8 =24.0/8
=3.0
Total 140.9 11
∵ 𝐹 = 12.99 > 𝐹!"#$#!%& = 4.07 𝐹!"#$#!%& = 𝐹'.'),+,, = 4.07
∴ The null hypothesis 𝐻' is rejected.
• The raw material quality of at least one of the four suppliers is different from the others.
Appendix:
F-distribution table