[Link].

com
2

Exercise 1

Read the following information about whale safaris, and then answer the questions on the
opposite page.

Whale Wildlife Safari

Where?
Our destination is the coastal inlets in the majestic mountains where eagles rest
far north of Norway. There is one special before swooping down to eat the fish
deep water area where every year, around below them in the lakes.
October time, large numbers of orca
whales can be found. They are visible from Safari Options
the main ship but if you want to see the Basic Safari
whales at close quarters, you can either This includes your flight to Norway and a
get into a small inflatable raft or even trip on a large whale-watching boat in a
swim with the creatures. group of up to 90 people. Often the
curiosity of the whales brings them to the
surface and close to the boat where you
may see whole families of whales. This is a
five to six hour safari. A light lunch is
served on board.

Zodiac Safari
Here you get a closer view of the whales on
The Experience
a smaller boat. The boats are among the
In one of the most fantastic experiences safest in the world so there is no need to
you will ever have, you become part of the worry even though you get very close to
arctic wildlife. Once inside the Arctic the water. You have three wonderful hours
circle you see the whales, up to 700 of of whale watching, almost at the same
them, following the vast quantities of level as the whales themselves. Children
herring fish shoals which they love to feed must be at least ten years old and
on. You can see the White-Tailed Sea accompanied by an adult.
Eagles which also feed on fish shoals with
the whales.

In addition, the scientists and students

working on different aspects of the orca
whale’s behaviour give workshops and
lectures on board ship.

The Environment Snorkelling Safari

In October the days are short and the This is only for the most adventurous and
nights long, dark and cold, but these can only available if weather conditions are
be spectacular since the Northern Lights, suitable. You are equipped with a warm
also known as the Aurora Borealis, literally waterproof suit so that you can swim and
light up the night sky with their fantastic meet the whales in their own
colours. The whole area has wild and environment, the sea! You have to be 16
beautiful scenery including huge and years or older for this adventure.

© UCLES 2008 0510/21/M/J/08

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(a) At what time of year can the whales be seen? For

Examiner's
around October time Use
[1]

(b) What other kinds of wildlife apart from whales will you be able to see? Give two details.

herring fish AND white tailed sea eagles

[1]

(c) How can you get more information about the whales?

workshops [1]

(d) What is sometimes special about nights in the Arctic?

lights in the sky [1]

(e) On the Basic Safari:

(i) what brings whales to the surface?

whale-watching boat [1]

(ii) what might tourists see?

whole families of whales [1]

(f) On the Zodiac Safari, what restrictions are there for children? Give two details.

they must be at least 10 years old , accompanied by an

[1] adult

(g) In what way is the Snorkelling Safari only for the adventurous?

you meet the whales in their own environment/you swim

[1]
with them
[Total: 8]

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4

Exercise 2

Read the article below about an amazing underground cave, and then answer the questions on
the opposite page.

A visit to the underworld

When professional photographer, Kusmatiya Sharakya, descended into the
underground world of the Goa Cerme cave near Yogyakarta in Indonesia, he
encountered a beautiful subterranean environment. Here he describes his visit:

“People often imagine that the world beneath the earth is scary and in total darkness, but this
is not always true. The Goa Cerme cave has a spectacular beauty and many unusual features.

Our group entered the cave and our fears disappeared immediately when the lights from our
lanterns revealed the interior filled with a huge variety of incredible forms and shapes. We
listened to the soft sound of water slowly running at the bottom of the cave, the echo of water
droplets and the gusts of wind rushing from the cave entrance. They all encouraged us to venture
deeper and explore the secrets of this mysterious underworld.

We walked through the knee-deep water of a small river at the bottom of the cave, sometimes jumping
from stone to stone, admiring a new and amazing sight at every corner. The tunnels were very narrow in
places and we always had to keep a look-out for sharp stone formations hanging low from the ceiling
which could have easily hurt our heads.

Under the guidance of the Department of Geology at the local university, we proceeded deep into the
cave and took photographs of every attractive sight. The Department also provided us with caving
equipment such as head lamps, rubber boots, safety helmets and ropes.

Total time to walk through cave = 71/2 hours

Group stopped here before Echo lake

Cave entrance Small river returning to entrance depth 25 metres
depth 50 cm Cave exit

Direction of walk

1.75 kilometres 1.25 kilometres

We could hardly believe that four-and-a-half hours had passed since we entered the cave. Unfortunately
there was not enough time to explore the remainder of the cave up to the exit, which, according to our
guides, would have taken another three hours of gentle walking.

This three-kilometre long Cerme cave is located to the south of Yogyakarta. The local people know it as
a tranquil place to seek divine guidance. However, the area has lately become popular as a tourist
destination and commercial buildings and food stalls have started to appear. The quiet atmosphere has
gradually disappeared. The entrance to the cave now has concrete walkways which destroy the natural
and unspoiled appearance of the place.

In addition, the great numbers of people going through the cave have caused some damage to the
inside – like the black soot from the visitors’ oil lamps that now covers much of the cave’s walls and
ceiling. Undisciplined tourists have left their rubbish behind and removed stones from the
walls of the cave as souvenirs. Hopefully these bad habits will disappear soon so that we can
all enjoy the rare beauty of this natural wonder for many years to come.”

© UCLES 2008 0510/21/M/J/08

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(a) What negative ideas do people often have about the world underground? Give two For
details. Examiner's
Use
scary and in total darkness [1]

(b) What did the lanterns show the photographers?

incredible forms and shapes [1]

(c) What were the obstacles that members of the group encountered:

(i) above them? sharp stone [1]

(ii) below them? small river [1]

(d) In what ways did the local university help the photographers? Give two details.

(i) they gave them caving equipment [1]

(ii) they guided them [1]

(e) According to the diagram, how far was the group from the exit when it stopped?

[1]

(f) How have visitors damaged the walls of the cave? Give two details.

(i) black soot from oil lamps [1]

(ii) removed stones [1]

(g) What is the photographer’s main hope for the future of the caves?

beauty will be preserved [1]

(h) Apart from damaging the interior of the cave, how has the area changed as a result of
tourism? Give four details.

[4]
1 commercial buildings
[Total: 14]
2 food stalls
3 concrete walkways
© UCLES 2008 0510/21/M/J/08 [Turn over
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Exercise 4

Read the following passage about a young mountaineer, and then complete the notes on the
opposite page.

The past few days have seen another mountaineering

record smashed by 22-year-old Jake Meyer. Last year,
2007, he became the youngest Briton to stand on
Everest’s summit. In the process he became the
youngest man in the world to climb the Seven Summits,
the highest mountains in each of the seven continents.
He is one of the fastest in the world at reaching the top
of every mountain he climbs.

His training programme is rather unusual because he relies very heavily on his youth and ‘feeling
good’ when out in the hills and mountains. He explained, “I know what it’s like to walk until my legs
feel like they are on fire, but I have to keep going so that the pain will subside. It isn’t about the speed
you go, but rather about minimising the number of stops you take,” he said. “If you stop for only one
minute it can easily turn into fifteen minutes which could lose you a kilometre.” Jake added, “I
constantly set myself targets of a little bit further each time I go out training. Also I’ve had to fit this in
around my exams. I’m studying environmental geo-science at university and I need to make sure I
pass!”

Jake Meyer attempted Everest after only ten years of climbing which included five years of what he
describes as ‘proper mountaineering’. He said, “When climbing Everest, it’s possible to take your time
moving up and down between camps, gradually building up to the summit. That way you acclimatise
to the altitude. I took what is considered to be an easier route up the North Col and North East Ridge
which is thought to be more of a slow ‘plod’ than a speedy race. Nevertheless you have to keep going
as fast as you can.”

In his latest challenge, he beat the existing speed record for climbing the highest peak in each of the 48
continental states of America. He drove to each peak by motorhome, travelling from the east coast to
the west. He managed all these climbs, the preparation, the organisation, the drive and the climbs in
only 23 days, 19 hours and 31 minutes. This is more than five days faster than the existing record
holder.

This latest record-breaking challenge, however, was a lot tougher than he had imagined. He faced not
only the dangers of altitude, but the very real threat of attack by bears or snakes and, of course, in
driving from coast to coast, the worry of road accidents. For this challenge, speed was vital.

As he continued, his lead increased and his record-breaking attempt became a certainty. It is suggested
that the time for a round trip up Mount Hood (4,000 metres) is about 12 hours. Jake Meyer did it in
only 6 hours, in spite of going through snow fields without specialist footwear. He got stronger and
stronger as he progressed, and sometimes managed to climb as many as four smaller peaks in a single
day even though he occasionally got lost.

He feels he still has challenges to meet and would like to reach the summit of the highest peak in each
country in Europe. He would enjoy going up K2, the second highest mountain in the world, as well as
taking an alternative route up to the top of Everest.

© UCLES 2008 0510/21/M/J/08

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For
You are preparing to give a short talk to your hill-walking group about Jake Meyer. Prepare Examiner's
some notes to use as the basis of your talk. Use

Make your notes under each heading.

Jake’s achievements
• 1.............................................................................................................
youngest Briton to stand on Everest’s summit
• .............................................................................................................
2 youngest man in the world to climb seven summits
• .............................................................................................................
3 speed record achieved one of the fastest climber
Jake’s training details
• 1 relies on feeling good
.............................................................................................................

• 2 keeps going
.............................................................................................................
3 goes a bit further each time
• .............................................................................................................

Dangers encountered on his latest challenge

• 1 altitude
..........................................................................................................
• 2 road accidents
..........................................................................................................

[Total: 8]

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Exercise 5

Read the following research into people’s effect on dolphins. On the opposite page, write a
summary of what the ‘swim-with-dolphins’ tourist industry should be doing to minimise
the effect on dolphins.

Your summary should be about 100 words (and no longer than 120 words). You should
use your own words as far as possible.

You will receive up to 6 marks for the content of your summary and up to 4 marks for the style
and accuracy of your language.

Dolphins
H umans have always been fascinated by dolphins and there has been a long history of association
between the two. Over time this has turned into a rapidly expanding world-wide tourist activity –
swimming with dolphins. The chance to see dolphins in the wild is often a lifetime dream for many
people, but few consider the implications of actually swimming with these animals.

The ‘swim-with-dolphins’ tourist industry is becoming more popular every year and tour operators are
always on the lookout to give their tourist swimmers the best experience they can. After all, it can cost
a large amount of money to have this kind of holiday experience. So tour operators try to place eager
swimmers as near as possible to the dolphins by trying to predict where the dolphins will be. The
swimmers usually enter the water from the back of a stationary boat and swim freely in the water.

Research has shown that while dolphins can move away if they do not want to interact with human
swimmers, they do not like it at all if the swimmers slip into the water directly on top of them or if
humans are in their path of travel. However, if swimmers enter the water to one side of them, the
dolphins do not avoid the swimmers to the same extent. This possibly seems like less threatening
behaviour to them.

In all cases, the dolphins seem to have become more sensitised to the presence of the swimmers.
For dolphins, swimming amongst or with humans is not necessarily a high priority. This research has
shown that only 19% of any group of dolphins will participate in interaction. Young dolphins are the
most likely to interact; they do seem curious about being with humans. It is believed that they see
humans as ‘entertainment’ and that the interaction is a new and unusual experience for them.

It is frequently asked whether ‘swim-with-dolphins’ tourism should be discontinued. The advice is

that dolphins should be given substantial periods of time throughout the day
when they are not exposed to tourism. Permitted interactions should
not be too intrusive to the dolphins since there could be mothers and
calves present in dolphin groups. There should also be educational
campaigns about the creatures and the likely threats to them. If
not, in the long term there could be detrimental effects on the
dolphins’ well-being which may not become evident until many
years later.

It is not easy to explain to someone that they cannot fulfil their

lifelong dreams because the dolphins are resting, or that a
mother dolphin and calf are in the area. But if we are to
enjoy these remarkable animals and not just use them
for our entertainment, then we must carefully monitor
the ‘swim-with-dolphins’ industry worldwide.

© UCLES 2008 0510/21/M/J/08

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For
Examiner's
Use
Humans have long been fascinated by dolphins and
the 'swim-with-dolphins' tourist industry is becoming increasingly
popular. Tour operators try to place eager swimmers as near as
possible to the dolphins by trying to predict where the dolphins will
be. Research has shown that while dolphins can move away if they
do not want to interact with human swimmers, they do not like it at
all if the swimmers slip into the water directly on top of them or if
humans are in their path of travel. However, if swimmers enter the
water to one side of them, the dolphins do not avoid the swimmers
to the same extent.
Dolphins have become more sensitive to the presence of
swimmers, but only 19% of any group of dolphins will participate in
interaction. Young dolphins are the most likely to interact, as they
see humans as 'entertainment'. It is recommended that dolphins
should be given substantial periods of time throughout the day
when they are not exposed to tourism, and that permitted
interactions should not be too intrusive. There should also be
educational campaigns about the creatures and the likely threats to
them. If not, there could be detrimental effects on the dolphins'
well-being which may not become evident until many years later.
We must carefully monitor the 'swim-with-dolphins' industry
worldwide.

[Total: 10]

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Exercise 6

You are being reunited with a family member you haven’t seen for a long time.

Write a letter to this family member, explaining:

• how much and why you are looking forward to seeing him/her again

• what new activities you have become interested in

• what you would like to do together when you meet again

Your letter should be between 150 and 200 words long. Do not write an address.

You will receive up to 9 marks for the content of your letter, and up to 9 marks for the style and
accuracy of your language.

© UCLES 2008 0510/21/M/J/08

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For
Examiner's
Use

[Total: 18]

© UCLES 2008 0510/21/M/J/08 [Turn over

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Exercise 7

In the twenty-first century, more and more people rely on new technology and computers.

Here are some comments from your friends on this subject:

“People forget how to talk to each other

if they use computers all the time.”

“I prefer being active and doing

sport to sitting and staring at a
computer screen.”

“It’s really helpful with

my homework being
able to research on the
Internet.”
“Most jobs nowadays need
you to know how to use a
computer.”

Write an article for your school magazine giving your views about the issue.

Your article should be between 150 and 200 words long.

The comments above may give you some ideas but you are free to use any ideas of your own.

You will receive up to 9 marks for the content of your article, and up to 9 marks for the style and
accuracy of your language.

© UCLES 2008 0510/21/M/J/08

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For
Examiner's
Use

[Total: 18]

© UCLES 2008 0510/21/M/J/08