Problem set2
4.1 EXERCISES. Vector spaces and subspaces
a. If u and v are in V , is u + v in V ? Why?
b. Find a specific vector u in V and a specific scalar c such that cu is not in V . (This
is enough to show that V is not a vector space.)
a. If u is in W and c is any scalar, is cu in W? Why?
b. Find specific vectors u and v in W such that u + v is not in W. This is enough to
show that W is not a vector space.
In Exercises 15–18, let W be the set of all vectors of the form shown, where a, b, and
c represent arbitrary real numbers. In each case, either find a set S of vectors that
spansW or give an example to show that W is not a vector space.
In Exercises 5–8, determine if the given set is a subspace of Pn for an appropriate
value of n. Justify your answers.
Bonus tasks are marked with an asterisk *:
7. All polynomials of degree at most 3, with integers as coefficients. Mark each statement True or False. Justify each answer.
8. All polynomials in Pn such that p(0)= 0. 23*. a. If f is a function in the vector space V of all real-valued functions on R and if
f(t)= 0 for some t , then f is the zero vector in V .
b. A vector is an arrow in three-dimensional space.
c. A subset H of a vector space V is a subspace of V if the zero vector is in H.
d. A subspace is also a vector space.
e. Analog signals are used in the major control systems for the space shuttle,
mentioned in the introduction to the chapter.
24*. a. A vector is any element of a vector space.
b. If u is a vector in a vector space V, then (-1)u is the same as the negative of u.
c. A vector space is also a subspace.
d. R2 is a subspace of R3.
e. A subset H of a vector space V is a subspace of V if the following conditions are
satisfied: (i) the zero vector of V is in H, (ii) u, v, and u C v are in H, and (iii) c is a
scalar and cu is in H.
* *Construct bases for the column space and the null space of the given matrix A.
Justify your work.
4.2 EXERCISES. Null spaces, column spaces, and linear transformations
2.8 EXERCISES Subspaces of Rn
Exercises 1–4 display sets in R2. Assume the sets include the bounding lines. In each
case, give a specific reason why the set H is not a subspace of R2.
In Exercises 3–6, find an explicit description of NulA by listing vectors that span the
null space.
In Exercises 7–14, either use an appropriate theorem to show that the given set, W,
is a vector space, or find a specific example to the contrary.
Determine which sets in Exercises 15–20 are bases for R2 or R3. Justify each answer.
Exercises 23–26 display a matrix A and an echelon form of A. Find a basis for Col
A and a basis for Nul A.