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Probability Exercises and Solutions

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34 views7 pages

Probability Exercises and Solutions

Uploaded by

ajay malviya
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

[Link] CLASSES C.P.T.

- MATHEMATICS & STATISTICS

CHAPTER-7 THEORY OF CHANCE (PROBABILITY)


HOME WORK

1. A class consists of 100 students, 25 of them are girls and 75 boys. 20 of them are
rich and remaining poor. 40 of them are fair complexioned. What is the probability of
selecting a fair complexioned rich girl?
(a) 0.85 (b) 0.02 (c) 0.24 (d) 0.64

2. A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards, the probability of getting a club
is
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/52 (c) 1/13 (d) none of them

3. A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards, the probability of getting a queen
is
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/52 (c) 1/13 (d) 4/13

4. A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards, the probability of getting a club
queen is
(a) 1/14 (b) 1/52 (c) 1/13 (d) 4/13

5. A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards, find the probability of getting a
club or a queen is
(a) 1/14 (b) 1/52 (c) 1/13 (d) 4/13

6. A box contains 6 black and 4 white balls. Two balls are drawn at random from it, the
probability that both are of different colour is
(a) 4/15 (b) 5/15 (c) 7/15 (d) 8/15

7. Two cubical dice are thrown simultaneously, the probability of getting total '9' is
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/6 (c) 1/9 (d) 1/36

8. Two cubical dice are thrown simultaneously, the probability of getting total at least '9'
is
(a) 5/36 (b) 5/18 (c) 10/36 (d) 1/9

9. One bag contains 5 black and 3 white balls. Another bag contains 4 black and 5
white balls. One ball is drawn from each bag, the probability that they are of different
colour is
(a) 37/72 (b) 27/72 (c) 8/72 (d) 17/72

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10. Two dice are thrown simultaneously, the probability that the sum of the numbers is
divisible by 3 or 4 is
(a) 5/36 (b) 5/18 (c) 5/9 (d) 7/36

11. The probability of getting total at the most '6' when three cubical dice are thrown is
(a) 5/54 (b) 5/ 72 (c) 5/36 (d) 5/216

12. A card as drawn from a pack of 52 cards and it is thrown away. Then another card is
drawn, the probability that it is a queen.
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/52 (c) 4/13 (d) 1/13

13. Three persons A, B and C aim a target. The probabilities of their hitting the target
arerespectively2/3, 1/4, 1/2 . What is the probability that the target will be hit?
(a) 1/8 (b) 3/8 (c) 5/8 (d) 7/8

14. An example of statistics is given to three students A, B and C. Their probabilities of


solving the example correctly are respectively 1/2, 3/4, 1/4, the probability that the
example will be solved is
(a)20/32 (b) 27/32 (c) 28/32 (d) 29/32

15. The present age of a person A is 35. The odds in favour of his living upto the age of
65 is 3 : 2. The age of another person B is 40 at present. The odds against his living
upto the age of 70 is 4 : 1. The probability that atleast one of them will be alive after
30 years is
(a) 17/30 (b) 17/25 (c) 18/72 (d) 7/25

16. In three different families, there are respectively 3 boys and 2 girls, 2 boys and 3
girls, 4 boys and 1 girl. A family is selected at random and from it 2 children are
taken at random, the probability that both are boys is
(a) 1/3 (b) 2/3 (c) 3/7 (d) 7/72

17. A group consists of 7 men and some women. The probability of selecting 2 women
from them is 1/15. The number of women in the group is
(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 8 (d) 7

18. A number is taken at random from the numbers 1 to 100, the probability that the
number is divisible by '3' or '7' is
(a) 45/100 (b) 43/100 (c) 47/100 (d) 51/100

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19. A and B choose any one digit at random from the digits 0, 1, 2, ... 9. independently.
The probability that the product of the two digits is zero is
(a) 0.20 (b) 0.22 (c) 0.18 (d) 0.19

20. There are 5 red and 4 black balls in a bag. Two draws of two balls are made from it.
The probabilities that the first drawing gives 2 red balls and the second drawing
gives 2 black balls if the balls are not replaced is
(a) 5/62 (b) 5/108 (c) 5/63 (d) 5/72

21. There are 5 red and 4 black balls in a bag. Two draws of two balls are made from it.
The probability that the first drawing gives 2 red balls and the second drawing gives
2 black balls if the balls are replaced is
(a) 5/62 (b) 5/108 (c) 5/63 (d) 5/72

22. In a city 60% read newspaper A, 40% read newspaper B and 30% read newspaper
C, 20% read A and B, 20% read A and C, 25% read B and C. Also 15% read papers
A, B and C. The percentage of people who do not read any of these newspapers is :
(a) 15% (b) 55% (c) 20% (d) none of the above

23. A bag contains 4 white and 3 black balls. Two draws of 2 balls are successively
made, the probability of getting 2 white balls at first draw and 2 black balls at second
draw when the balls drawn at first draw were replaced is:
(a) 3/49 (b) 1/49 (c) 9/49 (d) 2/49

24. The probability of two persons being borne on the same day (ignoring date) is:
(a) 1/49 (b) 1/365 (c) 1/7 (d) none of the above

25. In a group of 20 persons, there are 5 graduates. If 3 persons are selected at random
from the group, the probability that at least one is graduate is
(a) 115/228 (b) 135/228 (c) 225/228 (d) 137/228

26. One urn contains 4 red and 5 white balls and the second urn contains 6 red and 3
white balls. One of the urns is selected at random and two balls are drawn from it.
The probability that both the balls are red is
(a) 5/24 (b) 5/48 (c) 7/48 (d) 7/24

27. An urn A contains 5 white and 3 black balls and B contains 4 white and 4 black balls.
An urn is selected and a ball is drawn from it, the probability that the ball is white is :
(a) 9/16 (b) 9/18 (c) 10/32 (d) 10/16
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28. Two dice are rolled by two players A and B. A throws total 10, the probability that B
throws more than A is
(a) 1/12 (b) 1/36 (c) 1/18 (d) none of the above

29. The data reveals that 10 per cent patients die in a particular type of operation. A
doctor performed 9 operations and all of them survived. Whether the 10th patient on
being operated:
(a) will survive (b) will die (c) may survive or may die (d) none of the above

30. There are two groups of students consisting of 4 boys and 2 girls, 3 boys and 1 girl.
One student is selected from each groups. The probability of one boy and one girl
being selected is :
(a) 1/12 (b) 5/12 (c) 1 (d) ½

31. In a shooting competition, Mr. X can shoot at the bulls eye 4 times out of 5 shots and
Mr. Y, 5 times out of six shots and Mr. Z, 3 times out of 4 shots. The probability that
the target will be hit at least twice is :
(a) 100/120 (b) 50/120 (c) 110/120 (d) 107/120

32. A and B toss a coin alternately. One who gets head first wins. The probabilities of
their winning are respectively
(a) 2/3,1/3 (b) 1/2,1/2 (c) 3/4,1/4 (d) 5/6 , 1/6

33. A can hit a target 3 times out of 5 trials, B can hit the target 2 times out of 5 trials; C
can hit the target 3 times out of 4 trials. If all the three try simultaneously find the
probability that at least 2 will hit the target.
(a) 0.63 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.69 (d) 0.65

34. Three dice are rolled simultaneously. The probability of getting 12 spots is :
(a) 1/64 (b) 25/216 (c) 1/36 (d) none of the above

35. A number is selected randomly from each of the two sets


1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
The probability that the sum of the numbers is equal to 9 is :
(a) 8/64 (b) 8/72 (c) 14/81 (d) 7/64

36. A bag contains 3 white, 1 black and 3 red balls. Two balls are drawn from the well
shaked bag. The probability of both the balls being black is :
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 1/7 (d) 1/9

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37. The chance of winning the race of the horse A is 1/5 and that of horse B is 1/6. The
probability that the race will be won by A or B is :
(a) 11/30 (b) 1/3 (c) 1/30 (d) none of the above

38. The probability of Mr. A living 20 years more is 1/5 and that of Mr. B is 1/7. The
probability that at least one of them will survive 20 years hence is :
(a) 12/35 (b) 1/35 (c) 11/35 (d) 14/35

39. For a 60 year old person living upto the age of 70, it is 7 : 5 against him and for
another 70 years old person surviving upto the age of 80, it is 5 : 2 against him. The
probability that one of them will survive for 10 years more is :
(a) 15/42 (b) 39/84 (c) 49/84 (d) 40/84

40. If 7 : 6 is in favour of P to survive 10 years more and 5 : 3 in four of Q to survive 10


years more, the probability that all least one of them will survive for 10 years more is:
(a) 86/104 (b) 13/26 (c) 2/26 (d) 42/52

41. The chance of Ram to stand first in the class is 1/3 and that of Rahim is 1/5. The
probability that either of the two will stand first in the class is :
(a) 1/15 (b) 6/15 (c) 8/15 (d) 5/15

42. Four dice are thrown, find the probability that 1 will appear on at least one of the
dice.
(a) 616/1296 (b) 308/1296 (c) 671/1296 (d) 72/1296

43. A husband and his wife appear in an interview for two vacancies. The probability of
their selection are respectively1/4 and 1/3. What is the probability that only one of
them will be selected?
(a) 5/11 (b) 5/12 (c) 5/13 (d) 5/14

44. The probability that a leap year will have 53 Sundays is :


(a) 1/7 (b) 2/7 (c) 3/7 (d) 1/53

45. There are 10 balls numbered from 1 to 10 in a box. If one of them is selected at
random, what is the probability that the number printed on the ball would be an odd
number greater than 4?
(a) 0.50 (b) 0.40 (c) 0.60 (d) 0.30

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46. Following are the wages of 8 workers in rupees:


50, 62, 40, 70, 45, 56, 32, 45
If one of the workers is selected at random, what is the probability that his wage
would be lower than the average wage?
(a) 0.625 (b) 0.500 (c) 0.375 (d) 0.450

47. A bag contains 8 red and 5 white balls. Two successive draws of 3 balls are made
without replacement. The probability that the first draw will produce 3 white balls and
the second 3 red balls is
(a) 5/223 (b) 6/257 (c) 7/429 (d) 3/548

48. Tom speaks truth in 30 percent cases and Dick speaks truth in 25 percent cases.
What is the probability that they would contradict each other?
(a) 0.325 (b) 0.400 (c) 0.925 (d) 0.075

49. 8 identical balls are placed at random in three bags. What is the probability that the
first bag will contain 3 balls?
(a) 0.2731 (b) 0.3256 (c) 0.1924 (d) 0.3443

50. Four digits 1, 2, 4 and 6 are selected at random to form a four digit number. What is
the probability that the number so formed, would be divisible by 4?
(a) 1/2 (b) 1/5 (c) 1/4 (d) 1/3

51. A card is drawn from each of two well-shuffled packs of cards. The probability that
at least one of them is an ace is
 Šˆ Š
a) (b) (c) (d) None.
“‰ “‰ Ž

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ANSWERS

1. (b) 14. (d) 27. (a) 40. (a)

2. (a) 15. (b) 28. (a) 41. (c)

3. (c) 16. (a) 29. (c) 42. (c)

4. (b) 17. (b) 30. (b) 43. (b)

5. (d) 18. (b) 31. (d) 45. (b)

6. (d) 19. (d) 32. (a) 44. (d)

7. (c) 20. (c) 33. (a) 45. (b)

8. (b) 21. (b) 34. (b) 46. (c)

9. (a) 22. (c) 35. (d) 47. (b)

10. (c) 23. (d) 36. (a) 48. (a)

11. (a) 24. (c) 37. (a) 49. (d)

12. (d) 25. (d) 38. (c) 50. (b)

13. (d) 26. (d) 39. (b)

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Common questions

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Given odds in favor of A living beyond 30 years are 3:2, the probability A survives is 3/(3+2) = 3/5. Odds against B surviving are 4:1, so the probability B survives is 1/(4+1) = 1/5. The probability at least one survives is 1 minus the probability that both do not survive, which is: 1 - P(A doesn't survive) * P(B doesn't survive) = 1 - (2/5 * 4/5) = 1 - (8/25) = 17/25.

For the first bag, the probability of drawing a black ball is 5/8 and a white ball is 3/8. For the second bag, these probabilities are reversed (4/9 for black and 5/9 for white). Calculating for mixed colors, either black from the first and white from the second or vice versa: (5/8 * 5/9) + (3/8 * 4/9) = 25/72 + 12/72 = 37/72.

To find the probability, we need to determine the overlapping set of students who are fair complexioned, rich, and also girls. However, the document does not provide direct information on how these categories intersect. Assuming independence (which might not always be the case in reality), the probability of being a rich girl is (25/100) * (20/100) = 0.05. Next, the probability of being fair complexioned from the pool of rich girls, assuming random distribution, is (40/100) = 0.4. Hence, the probability of selecting a student who is a fair complexioned rich girl would be 0.05 * 0.4 = 0.02, which corresponds to option (b).

The probability of at least one surviving 20 years is expressed as 1 minus the probability of neither surviving. That is: 1 - P(A not surviving) * P(B not surviving) = 1 - (4/5 * 6/7) = 1 - 24/35 = 11/35.

First, calculate the average wage: (50 + 62 + 40 + 70 + 45 + 56 + 32 + 45)/8 = 400/8 = 50. Then, count how many workers earn less than this average. They are: 40, 45, 45, 32, making 4 out of 8 workers. The probability is thus 0.5, based on this document's question inconsistency assumption.

To calculate the probability of being hit at least twice, find 1 minus the probability the target is hit at most once. Calculate the probability of one hit using no hits or one hit probability: P(no hit) = (1/5)*(1/6)*(1/4), and P(one hit) would sum probabilities across all permutations with exactly one shooter hitting the target. After this computation, the result will give the complementary probability of achieving at least two hits.

To determine the probability of getting a sum of at least 9, we consider possible dice outcomes: (3,6), (4,5), (4,6), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), and (6,6). These are 10 favorable outcomes in the sample space of 36 total outcomes. Thus, the probability is 10/36, which simplifies to 5/18. This corresponds to option (b).

The probability of drawing a club from a deck of 52 cards is 13/52, and the probability of drawing a queen is 4/52. Because one of these queens belongs to the clubs, the two events are not disjoint, and the probability must account for this overlap: P(club or queen) = P(club) + P(queen) - P(club queen) = 13/52 + 4/52 - 1/52 = 16/52 = 4/13.

The probability that the example is solved is 1 minus the probability that none of them solve it: 1 - [(1/2) * (1/4) * (3/4)] = 1 - [1/32] = 31/32, which verifies as 0.96875. However, likely mismatches with document sources mandate caution in direct resolution without matching options.

The probability is derived from the geometric series of the alternating outcomes. If A starts, A needs a head to win immediately (probability 0.5), or tails followed by a win later. Using the cumulative effects of independent events, A's winning probability sums to 2/3, meaning B subsequently has a probability of 1/3.

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