Research

Kenyan example.

coppying sysatem

changing from coffee

five wh quesition we have to ansere in reaserch.

We do have many methods in reaserch methodology.

Topics

Plimineriest title page, cover page , table of content, list of contents

we dont say excutive summary

Abstruct

Introduction, back ground of the study(we introduce the subject, we have put the problem, show the
gap,), back ground of the study area. back geound the study the inicial the introduction of the reaserch,
geographical atudy area., problem statemement(statement of the problem), Objectives,research
question, scope of the study(delimitation), limitation, organization of the thessiss(some leave

Under the scope, geographical scop, ...

Limitation , conceptioal limiyttation, money

The second chapter Literature reveiew

When do we start review a literature. When to solidify a tOpic. to come with pricise topic. Even when we
put background

The back bone of the literature, conceptual literature, and theoretical literature and emperical.

whoi say what in the specific topic. emperical [Link] analytical,.

Third chapter

Reasearch proposal, we know our problem, we suppoort

Methodology. the back bone of the reaserch.

backkground of the [Link], socially, culturaly looks like, mainly geographycal situation,

-sample and sampling desighn. whatt is population, we put the stracture of population, sampple size,
accurecy, we have to deal sample , sample size determination.
-data collection methods

source of data

-data nalaysis , analitical method, software application, dependent and independet [Link]

chapter 4

Result and descussion

we have diffrent types of presentation

result in table and othe presentation

5th chapter

conculussion and recommendation.

What is reasearch?

To say reasearch investigation systematic and supported by scientific

crude data for primary [Link] new

secondery reasearch. the way we analyses the system

Both have systematic and scientific

Accedental recoveries are not to be reasearch.

Develop chriteria for starting reaseacrch after identifynig your [Link] you read 10,000 puplication no.
just you have to systematic, you have to abstruct, .2. understanding the nature of problem to be studied
and idntifynig the related area of knowledge. Those are general steps.

The worest thing in our students

conculussion :you take the meaure result and come up with conclussion.

The rain fall of this year is very heavy. recomendation based of rrecomendation.
What was the inicial of your reasearch. alwas be asked

Reliability: data: sample

validity: are we measuring it the right [Link] are pertinately to our topic.

unbiased;

visual historical analysis. methodology i introduced to my colleagues. for 50 or 60 people

why is research conducted?

Criterias of Good researc

P-OD LR_MD-Result process of a reasearch. Ak and akare.

Do we say in our research finish or completed

reaserch never get finished but completed.

if not you come up with

may not be as uch important.

Limitation frankely revealed. limitatiion is not aweakness, it could be budget, conceptual, geographical

Adequate

Research, scintific (science have to be applied) method and theory.

collect, cnclussion-science

for [Link] to prove or desprove. falsifiable.

hypotheses

specific predictions about what will occur if atheory is correct, servey of data

Research Process solidify your title

reaserch title atoic in to tittle.

Research process.

the first step in reasearch prioces s is literature [Link] after formulate a quesion-delimitation or
scope stated under here(specifically literature, emperical after then conceptual frame work(the
dependent and independent variables relationship),select an appropriate research design-collect
relevant data-interpret findings.

Research continum
we dont consider the as important

Types of reasearch

based on application

pure(blue sky')

applied research

base on Objectives wise

Descriptive

correlation

explanatory

Inquiry mode(approach mode)

Qualitative

Quantitiative

Research is controlled, the progress, data,etc

regoriouse, it should be sufficient,

Most of the time we use 105 OF OUR COLLECTED DATA IN ETHIOPIA

Systemic

Varied

Replicable: scading up and scading out.

scalling up just add geographyical area.

scalling out in other geographical area.

Unit 2

Anal analysiss of diffrent concept,it could be syntesis got analysis

des. describibing theories, results

,meaure desighn expermental.

under unalytical 3
reviews, read many paper and interprerate and , collect puplicatin and put for argument

2. phylosofical which is difficult, they have bigger thing and put in to small, beta data

yekosele tarik book Historica;

Descriptive: resea

cros-sectional data collected at a time

longitudinal

correlational this apply to our area.

Analystical rsearch

review

historicale research research history review. using secondary data is the best.

expermmental researc

casusing factor dependent variables. family size, age

confaunding variable unless we control affect our

Quasi hafi experment not true time dependent choose one (option)

there is no cause effect relationship in research.

why the study is on climate change in research??

What a reaserch proposal contain, thesis

The tittle:self explanatory

pleminery

-title page

cover page

dedication

table of content

list of table

abstruct
Body

Introduction say 1.

-background of the study" what is avalable

-statment of he problem

-objectives

re. question

-scope/delimitation

limitation

Literature review

Emperical

3. Methodology

-descrptive, soil, ge

-sample

data;;source

data collectio method

data analysis

Work plan

Budget plan

4. Result and descusion

put and descuss

5. conclussion and recomendation

6. remark

7 Application

UNIT 3
Understanding the research process(Formula research

Depend on school of thought. may have design

For social science

Topic development, Question indentified

hapothesisis formed

research plan it doesnt mean research method. simple scheduling.

strategy to comminicate unless valuluess(the research)

Data collection: how

Number of steps of steps is indeterminate. for example gender

Order of steps may vary somewhat

Variable

12 steps of reasearch

very specific , self explanatory, research title., if value chain, gender reaserch topic,.which adaptation
strategy, which area

Adaptation of climate change reasearch

Review literature, continues through out the reasearch

distiling the question:

continue review of the literature

Determining the basic research approach, qualitative , like case study. Quantitative, logid model
generally ledes you

sample identify the popultion. deterimine the population, sample and deterimine based on your
approcach

sample of qualitative and quantitative is difffer

Basic research approach used to determine, population and sample, data collection plan, instrument and
so on.

dependent and indepedent variables used to identify ,Thendata analysisi he\\

I am going to apply this,....up to choosing the method of data analysis.

11. implementing the

[Link]

argue or give suplemetation

instead of hypothesis for us rresearch question.

Picking Research Topic

How do we pick a research Topic. may bulcy things, economic analysis, climate change. but not bad,
synthesis ,

Explanatory of the research self explanatory, enougph information.

in the case

Referring back the working title

What is purpose of research. some time for acadamic to analyse something to do an [Link]
be indicated on the tittle.

2. Scope of the research-conceptual(should be indicated on topics), methodological, area(at village level,

woreda, nationaal,

Narrative tone(narretive, impact analysisis, or an assesment and expect report on analysis)

Methods(methods could be understood from (title sometime)

read in the tittle and expect what is presented in the body. analysi and synethesis, and come specific .

Topic the general idea and tittle is the specific.

Geographicale, time, budget aspect

sope and subject explain breifely.

6. Limitted 5 to 15 subsistantive words. an evaluation, analysis,

Under assignment

It would be better if it right like this>>>

Purpose

scope Narrative ton

Method used to sytudy.

aCCADAMIC POINT OF VIEW NOT APPLIED POINT OF VIEW(mETHODS)

iS NOT WHITE AND BLACK PROCEDURE BUT SUBJECTIVE [Link].

Defining researchproblem

What is a research proble , you know analytical tools to apply, expected out put, what willbe the content
raised under this research.

The core subject matter

How do we beign to

step: Research topic. Next how do you design.

Grave vauins in spein. place spain, status, gap, get your conselt about your title.

Key words

Europian Union, you try to collect about the europian union, trying to ellaborate , what is global
tererisem, then bring together, Narreting and developing a problem .Identified your concelt

Step 2. collect literature, uropian union, you make connection/relationship.

step3. My argument go further and further . Huge depesy but you may need supplementation and go
further mister Y and x say this this. ProQuest

Why do we support

Background is not the main but supplementery.

conceptual context, geographical context..in background infor

culture, economic, political aspect all includeed in background.

Before we define our problem

The purpose

Imagine it not written

Why we wont to do on this topic, motivated,

declarrative, in the form of question, in general they purpose of the study, objectives, question,
methosd, even results,and some others Gaps. Some may write the current situation, simply expect to
happen and go forwards. By reading the propblem statement we can simply identified the above all.
Criteria for sellecting problems.

Problem definetion

-interest

-most important

significnce

-.;;

Problem statement

The purpose of this study was ....

Sample of problem statement

Finding a research question

Working Hypothesis.

TWO TYPES

Unit 4: Literature Review

Give a new interpretation of old material or combined new with old interpretation.

To see researech gaps;'''we have to go to literature.

how others applied in diffrent methods

The technicuse we used to interpretate data.

Three layers

primary research out put in our thesis

are the review

review whic are important to our topics.

Third, there are the perception,

Types of literature reviews

aRGUMENTETAIVE FARMERS IMAGINATION/perception AND SCHIENTIFC IMAGENEATION
[Link] EXAMPLES.

Itergrate not agumentative

mETHODOLOGICAL REVIEW

tHEORETICAL :WHICH COULD WORK FOR OUR SITUATION.

Thinking about your literayure review

Division: not mixuture of imagination of authories ex farmer perception and schentific/.

The critical evaluation of each work should concider.

Based on this elements we can evaluate each peplication by downloads.

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

Persuasiveness: was it really convincing, does it really convinve, evidence dsufficient to come to
conclussion.

Digging in to the literation

Data base or folder (where do i get my information)

Abstruct if similar to my interest accept or delete.

;;;

Over view of the process to asses literature

1. Topics: see diffrent topics and compaaire with your topic, \

-it too littele, or

title 1 like this just mention the obstacles. come with new idea and write.

search data bases for your research.

Mendelay is asoftware you put your article to manage your review.

Zotero

web

endonet are site managers

I put all my all article in Mandely to help me review.

you read all and secenthesize and just make a sittaion

Sereach

google scolar

Read read and decide either to accepted

developp theoretical frame work or conceptual framework.

How many

plesurism

If you have 20 citation articles.

Authore, yera of publiction1, concept 2, concept3

James

Brian

Alexander

For reference

Incert bibilography

UNIT 5 research methodology

Deductive reason(logic the, process): quantitative the approach which explaned by number

we are putting diffrent quantification.

I think research is aprocess.

if you are good in econometrics you just use quantitative.

Visual Historical Analysis=In keny for 3moth to adapt the area.

Quantitative for neeed of something confirmation.

Ontology The knowelege it self.

Epistemology: The nature of knowlege and how we get knowlege of the the world through
investigation.

Chice of research strategiy

whether methodology or approach.

Impact of SSI o HH income

SSIusers, non-users(sampling frame), HH my sampling unit(the measurment that will going to be

collected).

Sampling Methods

Majorly we have two types sampling Methods.

1. None probability; convinance. we dont have other probability than following that stages.

conviniance sampling. megbabat, mekina ayigembam

snowball sampling (freind of , friend)find shimagele maxayaq sila angd neger, lelas saw tawuqaleh.
just following other than sampling.

Generality is difficult for non-probability sampling.

[Link](

[Link] sampling:

2. Probablity s being chosen is -non random and random sampling.

Methods

simple random role your name in paper and chance to being sellected ia equal

systematic sampling [Link] 4, 8, 12;;

Stratified sampling user or none user

Multi stage sampling: sidama Zone six wored and six Kebele and strata number 1, national 2
woreda.....
clasterring modt the time related with geographical area.

5.4. Variable defination and ypothesis

so we are almost about to finish

hypthesis dependent affect the independet

may affect , the relasion ship

-attitude

gender

heart are variables

Quantitative interms of figureor absoulete number/values/figures, types interms of number by this

much affect

variable under studey dependent variable which affect this independent variables. not manipulate but
affect

explanatory independent varia les.

Extraneouse variables.

Methods of collecting data

must decide on the following

1. Which data to collect- dependes time, we have , finance,whate types time seriuse

2. how to collect data, servey, focus group descusion

3time planning

Reaources avaliable

relevance, the dat important to my questions

credibility, problems could be from researcher ,they given to inumeratores and fill not idea of
resondents.

Internal validity, whether the date in line with our , answer the quesions

Reliability, precistin, precise, starts from the objective to have aprecisce hyphotesis,

caution: All technics are subject to bias.

Triangulation of methods

transect walk.....

why they use transect walk. may observe the housening, area.

structured : list of things to be observed,

unstructure: sudenly visit.

surveys and intervie

structure servey;

semi-structured: when did you you come to Hawasa?

structureed; Hardere to develop

open ended. the percpection, view, raise abig question to understand the respondents pespectives.

close-ended to book for an appointment

will it be ok for you

Good questioners

[Link] short and simple., very simple but for you it is simple but imagine whom you are asking.

qualitative of FGD research

intertaining them how do it work.

it is imposible to theorize....

sth arrive conclusion.

Conclusion;you drive based on you result and arrive sth and say abou that thing.

preliminary pages up to abstruct.

small romans

Main body
how to download mandlay

late september

At proposal stage hypothesis relaton between the variable , depedent and inependent.

household income is affect food security or not only the relationship

objective, hypothesis is not qccepted in this school.

alternative hyothesis age affects household income unless non-alternatives.

age increases by this much this much percent