The Fisher Valley College, Inc.

#5 M. L. Quezon Ave., Taguig 1636,

Metro Manila, Philippines

FINALS IN STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Name:

BSE MAJOR IN ENGLISH

Sir. Santiago Busuego

Professor:
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#5 M. L. Quezon Ave., Taguig 1636,
Metro Manila, Philippines

Answer the Following questions:

1. What is the probability of getting a sum of 10 when two dice are thrown?

Solution:

When we throw two dice, there are 36 possibilities. The desired outcome is 10. To get 10, we
can have three favorable outcomes.

{(4,6), (6,4) (5,5)}

Probability of an event = number of favorable outcomes/ sample space.

Answer: Therefore, the probability of getting a sum of 10 is ½.

2. A bag has 6 blue balls and 8 yellow balls. One ball is selected randomly from the bag.
Find the probability of getting a blue ball.

Solution:

Let us assume the probability of drawing a blue ball to be P(B)

Number of favorable outcomes to get a blue ball = 6

Total number of balls in a bag = 14

Answer: 14

3. There are 5 cards numbered: 2,3,4,5,6. Find the probability of picking a prime
number, and putting it back, you pick a composite number.

Solution:

The two events are independent. Thus, we use the product of the probability of the events.

P (getting a prime) = n (favorable events) / n (sample space) = {2,3,5}/ {2,3,4,5,6}

Answer: {2,3,5}/ {2,3,4,5,6}

4. Which number could be added to this spinner to make it more likely that the spinner
will land on an odd number than a prime number?

Answer: 9
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5. A dice is thrown. What is the probability that the number is composite?

Solution:

Answer: 1/3

6. Ivan rolls a fair dice, with sides labeled A, B, C, D, E and F. What is the probability
that the ice lands on a vowel?

Solution:

A and E are vowels so 2 outcomes are vowels out of 6 outcomes altogether.

Therefore, the probability is 2/6 which can be simplified to 1/3.

Answer: 1/3

7. Max tested a coin to see whether it was fair. The table shows the results of his coin
toss experiments.

Solution: Head: 26

Tail: 41

Max tossed the coin 67 times and it landed on heads 26 times.

Relative Frequency (experimental probability) = number of successful trials = 26

Total number of trials 67
Answer: 26/67

8. Grace rolled two dice. She then did something with the two numbers shown. Here is a
sample space diagram showing all the possible outcomes.

Solution:

For each pair of numbers, Grace subtracted the smaller number from the bigger number.

For example, if she rolled a 2 and 5, she did 5-2 = 3.

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#5 M. L. Quezon Ave., Taguig 1636,
Metro Manila, Philippines

DICE 2
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 0 1 2 3 4 5
DICE 1 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
4 3 2 1 0 1 2
5 4 3 2 1 0 1
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
What did Grace do with the two numbers shown on the dice?

Answer: Subtract the smaller number from the bigger number

9. Alice has some red balls and some blue balls in a bag. Altogether she has 25 balls.
Alice picks one ball from the bag. The probability that Alice picks a red ball is X and
the probability that Alice picks a blue ball is 4X. Work out how many blue balls are in
the bag.

Solutions:

Since the probability of mutually exclusive events adds to 1:

X + 4x = 1

5x = 1

X = 1/5

1/5 of the balls are red and 4/5 of the balls are blue.

4/5 of 25 = 20

Answer: 20

10. James asked the students in his class whether they liked math and whether they liked
science. He recorded his results in the Venn diagram below.
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Solution:

We need to look at the numbers that are not in the “like science” circle.

In this case, it is 9 + 6 = 16.

Answer: 16

11. A restaurant offers the following options:

Starter: Soup or Salad
Main: Chicken, Fish or Vegetarian
Dessert

How many possible different combinations of starter, main, and dessert are there?

Solution:

The number of different combinations is 2 x 3 x 2 = 12

Answer: 12

12. There are 18 girls and 12 boys in the class. 2/9 of the girls and ¼ of the boys walk to
school. One of the students who walk to school is chosen at random. Find the
probability that the student is a boy.

Solution:

First, we need to work out how many students walk to school:

2/9 of 18 = 4

¼ of 12 = 3

4+3=7

7 students walk to school, 4 are girls and 3 are boys. So, the probability of the student being a
boy is 3/7.
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#5 M. L. Quezon Ave., Taguig 1636,
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Answer: 3/7

13. Kim flips a biased coin. The probability that she gets two heads is 0.16. What is the
probability that she gets two tails?

Solution:

We have been given the probability of getting two heads. We need to calculate the probability
of getting a head on each flip.

Let’s call the probability of getting a head p.

The probability p, of getting a head and getting another head is 0.16.

Therefore, to find p;

p x p = 0.16

p2 = 0.16

p = 0.4.

The probability of getting a head is 0.4 so the probability of getting a tail is 0.6.

The probability of getting two tails is 0.6 x 0.6 = 0.36.

Answer: 0.36

14. I have a big tub of halo-halo. The probability of picking each different ingredient is
shown below:

Ingredient Sago Banana Kamote Pinipig Corn

Probability 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.3
If I were to pick 60 ingredients from the tub, how many corns would I expect to like?

Solution:

First, we need to calculate the probability of picking a corn.

Probabilities sum to 1 so 1 – (0.2 + 0.15 + 0.1 + 0.3) = 0.25

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#5 M. L. Quezon Ave., Taguig 1636,
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The probability of picking a corn is 0.25

The number of times I would expect to pick a corn is 0.25 x 60 = 15

Answer: 15

15. Jas runs a game at a fair. To play the game, you must roll a dice and pick a card from a
deck of cards. You must roll an odd number and pick a picture card to win a game.
The game can be represented by the tree diagrams below.

Dexter charges players $1 to play and gives $3 to any winners. If 260 people play the game,
how much profit would dexter expect to make?

Solution:

Complete the tree diagram;

Probability of winning is ½ x 4/13 = 4/ 26

If 260 plays the game. Dexter would receive $260.

The expected number o

anf winners would be 4/26 x 260 = 40

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#5 M. L. Quezon Ave., Taguig 1636,
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Dexter would need to give away 40 x $3 = 120

Therefore, Dexter’s profit would be $260 - $120 = $140

Answer: $140

16. A coin is tossed three times. Work out the probability of getting two heads and one
tail.

Solution:

There are three ways of getting two heads and one tail. HHT, HTH, or THH.

The probability of each is ½ x ½ x ½ = 1/8

Therefore, the total probability is 1/8 + 1/8 + 1/8 = 3/8

Answer: 3/8

17. 200 people were asked about which athletics events they thought were the most
exciting to watch. The results are shown in the table below.

100m Long Jump Javelin

Male 56 30 24
Female 32 29 29

A person is chosen at random. Given that the person chose 100m, what is the probability that
the person was female?

Solution:

Since we know the person chose 100m, we need to include the people in that column only.

In total 88 people chose 100m so the probability the person was female is 32/88.

Answer: 32/ 88

18. Amy asked 50 people whether they liked vegetable pizza or pepperoni pizza.
37 people like vegetable pizza
25 like both
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3 people like neither

Sam picked one of the 50 people at random. Given that the person he chose likes pepperoni
pizza, find the probability that they don’t like vegetable pizza.

Solution:

We need to draw a Venn diagram to work this out.

We start by putting the 25 who like both in the middle section. The 37 people who like
vegetable pizza include the 25 who like both, so 12 more people must like vegetable pizza. 3
don’t like either. We have 50 – 12 – 25 – 3 = 10 people left so this is the number that must
like only pepperoni.

There are 35 people altogether who like pepperoni pizza. Of these, 10 do not like vegetable
pizza. The probability is 10/35.

Answer: 10/35

19. There are 12 marbles in a bag. There are n red marbles and the rest are blue marbles.
Nicks takes 2 marbles from the bag. Write an expression involving n for the
probability that Nick takes one red and one blue.

Solution:

We need to think about this using a tree diagram. If there are 12 marbles altogether and n red
then 12 – n is blue.
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To get one red and one blue, nick could choose red then blue, or blue then red so the
probability is:

Answer: n (12 – n)
66
20. Find the probability of getting a numbered card when a card is drawn from the pack of
52 cards.
Solution:
Total Cards = 52
Number Cards = (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) 9 from each suit 4 x 9 = 36
P (E) = 36/ 52
= 9/13
Answer: 9/ 13
21. There are 5 green and 7 red balls. Two balls are selected one by one without
replacement. Find the probability that the first is green and the second is red.
Solution:
P (G) x P (R) = (5/12) x (7/11)
= 35/132
Answer: 35/132
22. What is the probability of getting a sum of 7 when two dice are thrown?
Solution:
Probability math – Total number of ways = 6 x 6
= 36 ways
Favorable cases = (1,6) (6,1) (2,5) (5,2) (3,4) (4,3) 6-ways
P (A) = 6/36 = 1/6
Answer: 1/6
23. 1 card is drawn at random from the pack of 52 cards.
(i) Find the probability that is an honor card
(ii) It is a face card
Solution:
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(i) Honor Card = (A, J, Q, K)

4 cards from each suit = 4 x 4 = 16
Answer: (i) P (honor card) = 16/32 = 4/13
Solution:
(ii) Face card = (J, Q, K) 3 cards from each suit
3 cards from each suit = 3 x 4 = 12 cards
Answer: (ii) P (face card) = 12/52 = 3/13
24. Three dice are rolled together. What is the probability as getting at least one ‘4’?
Solution:
Total number of ways = 6 x 6 x 6 = 216
The probability of getting the number ‘4’ at least one time
= 1 – (probability of getting no number 4)
= 1 – (5/6) x (5/6) x (5/6)
= 91/ 216
Answer: 91/ 216
25. Determine the probability that a digit chosen at random from the digits 1, 2, 3, …. 12
will be odd.
Solution:
Total Number of digits = 12
Equally likely cases = 12
There are six odd digits
Probability = 6/12
=½
Answer: ½
26. Determine the probability that a digit chosen at random from the digits 1, 2, 3, …. 13
will be even.
Solution:
Here out of six digits (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12), any digits chosen will be considered favorable.
Probability = 6/13
Answer: 6/13
27. A coin tossed four times, if H = head and T = Tail, what is the probability of the tosses
coming up in the order HTHH?
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Solution:
The coin is tossed four times.
The total possible outcomes = 16
Favorable outcomes = 1
Because HTHH can come only in one way
Probability = 1/6
Answer: 1/6
28. The probability of A’s winning a game of chess against B is 2/3. What is the
probability that A will win at least 1 of a total of two games?
Solution:
Reqd. Probability = 1 – (A not winning even one game out of 3)
= 1 – (1/3)2
= 1 – (1/9)
= 8/9
Answer: 8/9
29. What is the probability that a non-leap year will have 53 Mondays?
Solution:
Non–Leap Year: 52 Weeks and One Day
The probability of one day being Mondays = 1/7
Therefore, REqd. Probability = 1/7
Answer: 1/7
30. Find the probability of getting two heads when five coins are tossed.
Solution:
Number of ways of getting two heads = 5C2 = 10
Total Number of ways = 25
= 32
P (two heads) = 10/32
= 5/16
Answer: 5/16
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#5 M. L. Quezon Ave., Taguig 1636,
Metro Manila, Philippines

Answer key: 28. 8/9

1. Therefore, the probability of 29. 1/7
getting a sum of 10 is ½. 30. 5/16
2. 14
3. {2,3,5}/ {2,3,4,5,6}
4. 9
5. 1/3
6. 1/3
7. 26/67
8. Subtract the smaller number from
the bigger number
9. 20
10. 16
11. 12
12. 3/7
13. 0.36
14. 15
15. $140
16. 3/8
17. 32/ 88
18. 10/35
19. n (12 – n)
66
20. 9/ 13
21. 35/132
22. 1/6
23. (i) P (honor card) = 16/32 = 4/13
(ii) P (face card) = 12/52 = 3/13
24. 91/ 216
25. ½
26. 6/13
27. 1/6