Math 1ZC3
Sample Exam
Name:___________________________________________
(Last Name) (First Name)
Student Number:_____________________ Tutorial Number:____________________
This exam consists of 44 multiple choice questions worth 1 mark each (no part marks). All
questions must be answered on the COMPUTER CARD with an HB PENCIL. Marks will not
be deducted for wrong answers (i.e., there is no penalty for guessing). You are responsible for
ensuring that your copy of the test is complete. Bring any discrepancy to the attention of the
invigilator. Calculators are NOT allowed.
1. Let u, v, and w be independent vectors in ‘$ . Which of the following sets are also
independent?
(i) Öu vß v wß w u×
(ii) {u, u v, u v w}
(iii) Öu vß v w, u v w, w}
(a) (i) only (b) (ii) only (c) (i) and (ii) only (d) all of them (e) (ii) and (iii) only
2. The following set of vectors ÖÐ"ß "ß "ß "Ñß Ð#ß !ß "ß !Ñß Ð!ß #ß "ß #Ñ×
(a) Spans ‘% but is not independent.
(b) Is independent, but does not span ‘%
(c) Is independent and spans ‘%
(d) Is not independent, and does not span ‘%
(e) None of the above.
3. Suppose that [ œ spanÖv" ß v# ß v$ × where each v3 is in ‘$ . Consider the following
statements.
(i) If x is in [ then x œ -" v" -# v# -$ v$ for some scalars -" ß -# ß -$ .
(ii) $v" #v# is in [ .
(iii) [ is a subspace of ‘$ .
Which of the above statements are always true?
(a) (i) only
(b) (ii) only
(c) (ii) and (iii) only
(d) (i) and (ii) only
(e) (i), (ii), and (iii)
4. Let u œ Ð!ß #ß #Ñ and v œ Ð"ß $ß "Ñ. Which of the following vectors are in span{uß v×?
(i) Ð"ß "ß 2Ñ
(ii) Ð"ß "ß "Ñ
(iii) Ð&ß $ß (Ñ
(a) all of them (b) (ii) only (c) (iii) only (d) (i) and (iii) only (e) (ii) and (iii) only
5. If Övß w× is independent, find conditions on the scalars 5" and 5# so that the set
Ö5" v wß v 5# w× is also independent.
(a) 5" 5# œ " (b) 5" 5# Á " (c) 5" Á 5# (d) 5" 5# œ " (e) 5" 5# Á "
6. Let p œ # B B# . Find the coordinates of p with respect to the following basis of T#
Ö" Bß " B# ß B B# ×.
(a) Ð"ß "ß #Ñ (b) Ð!ß #ß "Ñ (c) Ð!ß #ß #Ñ (d) Ð#ß "ß !Ñ (e) Ð"ß "ß $Ñ
7. Let Z be a vector space with dimension 8. Consider the following statements.
(i) Every independent set in Z is a basis for Z
(ii) Every set in Z that spans Z must be independent
(iii) Every set in Z with less than 8 vectors must be independent.
Which of the above statements is always true?
(a) (ii) and (iii) only (b) (iii) only (c) (ii) only (d) none of them (e) (i) only
8. Find the dimension of the following vector spaces.
(i) The set of all # ‚ # skew-symmetric matrices
(ii) The set of all polynomials + ,B -B# where + œ , - .
(a) " and # (b) # and $ (c) " and $ (d) $ and $ (e) % and #
9. If E is a % ‚ % matrix and the columns of E are linearly dependent then,
(a) every vector b in ‘% is in the column space of E
(b) no vector b is in the column space of E
(c) The column vectors of E form a basis for ‘%
(d) None of the above
10. Let u œ Ð"ß #ß "ß 'Ñ in ‘% , and let [ œ spanÖÐ"ß "ß "ß !Ñß Ð"ß "ß !ß !Ñ×. Compute proj[ u.
(a) Ð "# ß !ß "ß "# Ñ (b) Ð"ß "# ß "# ß !Ñ (c) Ð "# ß "ß "ß !Ñ
(d) Ð "# ß "# ß "ß !Ñ (e) Ð "# ß "ß "# ß !Ñ
11. Find a basis of the following subspace of ‘% .
[ œ all vectors of the form Ð+ß ,ß -ß .Ñ where + , - . œ !.
(a) ÖÐ"ß !ß !ß "Ñ, Ð!ß "ß !ß "Ñ, Ð!ß !ß "ß "Ñ×
(b) ÖÐ"ß !ß !ß "Ñ, Ð!ß "ß !ß "Ñ×
(c) ÖÐ"ß !ß !ß "Ñ, Ð!ß "ß !ß "Ñ, Ð!ß !ß "ß "Ñß Ð!ß "ß "ß !Ñ×
(d) ÖÐ"ß !ß !ß "Ñ, Ð!ß "ß !ß "Ñ, Ð!ß "ß "ß !Ñ×
(e) ÖÐ"ß !ß "ß !Ñ, Ð!ß "ß !ß "Ñ, Ð!ß !ß "ß "Ñ×
12. Find the dimension of the subspace of ‘$ spanned by the following set of vectors.
ÖÐ"ß &ß 'Ñß Ð#ß 'ß )Ñß Ð$ß (ß "Ñß Ð%ß )ß "#ÑÓ
(a) " (b) # (c) $ (d) % (e) !
13. Decode the message AOJX given that it is a Hill cipher with enciphering matrix
$ #
% "
(a) MATE (b) HILL (c) HELP (d) GOOD (e) MATH
14. Consider the following statements.
(i) Suppose that [ œ spanÖu" ß u# ß á ß u5 × and that Eu3 œ b for each 3. If the vector u is in
[ then Eu œ b.
(ii) Let [ be the set of all vectors x in ‘8 that are solutions to the equation Ex œ 0. [ is a
subspace of ‘8 .
Which of the above statements is always true?
(a) (i) only (b) (ii) only (c) (i) and (ii) (d) neither
" # " %
" ! $ #
15. Find a basis for the null space of E. E œ ! " # $
(a) ÖÐ"ß !ß "Ñß Ð#ß "ß !Ñ× (b) ÖÐ!ß #ß $ß "Ñß Ð"ß #ß $ß !Ñ×
(c) ÖÐ"ß #ß "ß %Ñß Ð!ß "ß #ß $Ñ× (d) ÖÐ"ß #ß !ß $Ñß Ð#ß "ß !ß $Ñ×
(e) ÖÐ#ß $ß !ß "Ñß Ð$ß #ß "ß !Ñ×
16. Let E be a matrix with 4 rows and 7 columns. Then the column space of E
(a) is a subspace of ‘%
(b) has dimension 4
(c) is equal to the column space of EX
(d) none of the above
For Questions 17-19, determine which of the following answers is correct for the given
subset [ of ‘$ .
(a) [ is a subspace
(b) [ is closed under addition, but not closed under scalar multiplication
(c) [ is closed under scalar multiplication, but not closed under addition
(d) [ is not closed under scalar multiplication, and not closed under addition
17. [ œ all vectors of the form Ð+ß $,ß -Ñ where + œ - ".
(a) (b) (c) (d)
18. [ œ all vectors of the form Ð#+ß ,# ß -Ñ
(a) (b) (c) (d)
19. Let b be a nonzero vector in ‘% and let E be a % ‚ % matrix.
Let [ œ all vectors x in ‘% that are solutions to the equation Ex œ b.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
20Þ Suppose that [ is a subspace of a vector space Z . Consider the following statements.
(i) If u is in [ and +u ,v is in [ (where , Á !) then v is in [ .
(ii) If u is in [ and v is in [ then +u ,v is in [ .
Which of the above statements are always true?
(a) (i) only
(b) (i) only
(c) (i) and (ii)
(d) neither of them
21Þ Let [ œ spanÐ"ß "ß "ß "Ñß Ð$ß "ß $ß "Ñß Ð'ß #ß %ß !Ñ. Find an orthonormal basis of [ using
the Gram-Schmidt process.
(a) {Ð "# ß "# ß "# ß "# Ñß Ð "# ß "# ß "# ß "# Ñß Ð "# ß "# ß "# ß "# Ñ×
(b) ÖÐ "# ß "# ß "# ß "# Ñß Ð!ß "# ß "ß "# Ñß Ð "' ß !ß "' ß #' Ñ×
(c) ÖÐ "# ß "# ß "# ß "# Ñß Ð!ß "# ß "# ß !Ñß Ð "# ß !ß !ß "# Ñ×
(d) ÖÐ "# ß "# ß "# ß "# Ñß Ð "# ß "# ß !ß !Ñß Ð!ß !ß "# ß "# Ñ×
(e) ÖÐ "# ß "# ß "# ß "# Ñß Ð "# ß !ß "# ß !Ñß Ð!ß "# ß !ß "# Ñ×
22. Consider the following set of orthogonal vectors,
v" œ Ð"ß "ß #ß "Ñß v# œ Ð#ß #ß $ß #Ñß v$ œ Ð"ß #ß !ß "Ñß v% œ Ð"ß !ß !ß "Ñ.
Let u œ Ð$ß "ß #ß %Ñ. Find - such that u œ +v" ,v# - v$ . v%
(a) &' (b) "' (c) "$ (d) "# (e) #$
23. If E and F are both 8 ‚ 8 invertible matrices, which of the following matrices is the inverse
of ÐE" FÑX ?
(a) ÐF " EÑX (b) ÐEF " ÑX (c) F X ÐEX Ñ" (d) ÐEX Ñ" F X (e) ÐF X EX Ñ"
(i) If u and v are orthogonal in ‘$ then u v œ u v
24. Consider the following statements.
(ii) u# v# œ "% u v# "% u v# for all uß v in ‘$ .
Which of the above statements is always true?
(a) neither (b) (i) only (c) (ii) only (d) (i) and (ii)
25. Recall that F is similar to E if there is an invertible matrix T such that F œ T " ET .
Suppose that F is similar to EÞ Consider the following statements.
(i) E and F have the same determinant
(ii) F " is similar to E"
Which of the above statements are always true?
(a) (i) only
(b) (ii) only
(c) (i) and (ii)
(d) neither of them
26. A matrix T is called orthogonal if T T X œ M . Consider the following statements.
(i) If T is an orthogonal matrix then #T is also orthogonal.
(ii) If T is an orthogonal matrix then det T œ „ "
Which of the above statements is always true?
(a) (i) ony (b) (ii) only (c) (i) and (ii) (d) neither
! ! +
+ ! !
27. Let E œ ! , ! . Find the characteristic polynomial :Ð-Ñ of E.
(a) Ð- ,ÑÐ- +Ñ# (b) Ð- ,ÑÐ- +Ñ# (c) Ð- ,ÑÐ- +Ñ#
(d) Ð- ,ÑÐ- +ÑÐ- +Ñ (e) Ð- ,ÑÐ- +ÑÐ- +Ñ
28. Consider the following statements.
(i) ÖÐ"ß "ß #ß $Ñß Ð#ß "ß "ß "Ñß Ð"ß )ß "$ß "#Ñ× is an independent set.
(ii) ÖÐ"ß #ß "Ñß Ð"ß "ß #Ñß Ð&ß "ß )Ñ× spans ‘$ .
Which of the above statements is true?
(a) (i) only (b) (ii) only (c) (i) and (ii) (d) neither
29. Consider the triangle with vertices T , U, and V . Which of the following is a right-angled
triangle?
(a) T Ð"ß "ß !Ñß UÐ"ß !ß "Ñß VÐ"ß "ß #Ñ (b) T Ð"ß "ß !Ñß UÐ"ß !ß "Ñß VÐ"ß #ß #Ñ
(c) T Ð"ß "ß !Ñß UÐ"ß !ß "Ñß VÐ"ß !ß #Ñ (d) T Ð"ß "ß !Ñß UÐ"ß !ß "Ñß VÐ"ß "ß $Ñ
(e) T Ð"ß "ß !Ñß UÐ"ß !ß "Ñß VÐ"ß $ß #Ñ
30. Find the shortest distance from the point T Ð!ß "ß "Ñ to the line
(a) "' '' (b) "' '& (c) %$ (d) "' '# (e) "' '"
ÐBß Cß D Ñ œ Ð"ß "ß !Ñ >Ð"ß "ß #Ñ.
31. Find the equation of the plane containing the point T Ð$ß !ß "Ñ and the line
ÐBß Cß D Ñ œ Ð#ß "ß $Ñ >Ð$ß "ß #Ñ.
(a) #B 'C #D œ % (b) B &C D œ % (c) B 'C D œ %
(d) $B "(C &D œ % (e) "'C %D œ %
32. Consider the following matrix (where only the first row is given): E œ
‡
$ #
.
‡
If
#
"3
is an eigenvector of E, what is the corresponding eigenvalue?
(a) # #3 (b) # 3 (c) " #3 (d) " 3 (e) $ 3
33. Consider the line through T Ð"ß #ß $Ñ that is parallel to v œ Ð"ß !ß "Ñ. Which of the following
planes does the line lie in?
(a) B #C #D " œ ! (b) $B #C $D # œ ! (c) #C D " œ !
(d) $B C D # œ ! (e) #B #C D $ œ !
34. If E and F are 8 ‚ 8 symmetric matrices, which of the following matrices are always
symmetric?
(i) E F X
(ii) EX F F X E
(a) (i) only (b) (ii) only (c) (i) and (ii) (d) neither
35. Consider the following matrices.
Eœ
#
Fœ
!
# % " #
ß
" !
F can be obtained from E by the following sequence of row operations on E:
1. Switch row 1 and row 2
2. Replace row 2 by (row 2 2 ‚ row 1)
Using the above sequence of row operations (in the above order), find an invertible matrix Y
such that Y E œ F .
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
" #
" " ! " ! " " $ " $
" # " # # % # %
36. Compute the determinant of the following matrix.
! " !
$ ! #
"
!
& ! (
! " # "
!
(a) ! (b) & (c) $$ (d) "( (e) )
37. Let E be a # ‚ # matrix, with det E œ #. Evaluate detÐ# adjÐEÑÑ.
(a) # (b) % (c) ) (d) "' (e) $#
38. A square matrix T is called idempotent if T # œ T . Let E and F be 8 ‚ 8 idempotent
matrices. Which of the following matrices are always idempotent?
(i) E F
(ii) EF
(a) (i) only (b) (ii) only (c) (i) and (ii) (d) neither
39. Suppose that a matrix E has eigenvectors x" œ Ð"ß #ß "Ñß x# œ Ð"ß !ß "Ñß and
x$ œ Ð"ß #ß "Ñ, with corresonding eigenvalues -" œ "ß -# œ "# ß and -$ œ !, respectively.
Let v œ "% x" "% x# &!
*
x$ . Find the constant , so that E& v œ +x" ,x# - x$ .
" " " " "
(a) "!#% (b) $# (c) $# (d) "#) (e) "!#%
40. Let D be a complex number. Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) D D , ÐD DÑ3, DD are all real numbers
(b) D D , ÐD DÑ3, DD all have modulus 1
(c) D D and DD are real numbers, but ÐD DÑ3 is not a real number.
(d) If D is a complex number and D œ ", then D œ " or D œ ".
(e) none of the above
(a) $ 3ß $ 3ß #3 (b) # 3ß # 3ß #3 (c) $ 3ß $ 3ß #3
41. Find all complex numbers D so that D $ œ )3.
(d) # 3ß # 3ß #3 (e) $ 3ß $ 3ß #3
42. Find a matrix T which diagonalizes
Eœ
# "
" #
.
(b)
$
(c) (d)
! "
(e)
! "
(a)
"# " 3 " " " " " " #
" " " "
" #
43. Let E be an 8 ‚ 8 matrix. Suppose that there exists an invertible matrix T such that
T " ET œ H, where H is a diagonal matrix. Consider the following statements.
(i) E# œ T # H# ÐT " Ñ#
(ii) E# œ T " H# T
Which of the above statements is always true?
(a) (i) only (b) (ii) only (c) (i) and (ii) (d) neither
44. Solve the following initial value problem,
C"w œ &C" #C#
ß C" Ð!Ñ œ "ß C# Ð!Ñ œ %
C#w œ "#C" &C#
(a) C" œ /B #/B (b) C" œ /B #/B (c) C" œ #/B '/B
C# œ #/B '/B C# œ #/B '/B C# œ /B #/B
(d) C" œ #/B '/B (e) C" œ #/B /B
C# œ /B #/B C# œ #/B '/B
Answers
1. b 2. d 3. e 4. e 5. e 6. b 7. d 8. a 9. d 10. d
11. a 12. c 13. e 14. b 15. e 16. a 17. d 18. b 19. d 20. c
21. a 22. b 23. a 24. b 25. c 26. b 27. d 28. d 29. e 30. a
31. b 32. c 33. b 34. a 35. b 36. c 37. c 38. d 39. d 40. a
41. e 42. c 43. d 44. b