Device Meaning:

 Spoonerism
A play on words where the initial sounds of two words are swapped
(e.g., "tease .my ears" instead of "ease my tears").
 Litotes

An understatement that uses double negatives or negation to

express a positive statement (e.g., "not bad" to mean "good").

 Meiosis

A form of understatement that minimizes the significance of

something (e.g., . referring to a large disaster as "a
bit of a setback").

 Collocation

A habitual combination of words that often go together (“make

a decision”)

 Neologism

A newly coined word or expression.

 Kennings

Compound expressions in Old English and Old Norse poetry

with metaphorical . meaning (e.g., "whale-road" for the sea).

 Motif

A recurring element that has symbolic significance in a story.

 Parallelism

The use of similar structures in two or more clauses.

 Allegory

A narrative that uses characters and events to symbolize a

deeper moral or . political meaning.

 Denotation
Using literal meaning of word, ignoring typical metaphor,
eg cold for temperature, not behavior
 Vignette

A brief evocative description, account, or episode.

 In Media Res
 A narrative technique where the story begins in the middle of
the action.

 Assonance

The repetition of vowel sounds within nearby words.

 Anaphora

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of

successive clauses.

 Hypophora

A figure of speech in which the speaker poses a question and

then answers it.

Effects of Literary Devices in Texts

— Contractions

Conversational tone, Voice, Characters

— Portmanteau

- Can be humorous or attention-grabbing

- Suggest a new idea or concept

— Spoonerism

-Humour

— Pun

-Homophone/nym/graph – based on form of text (read, heard)

-Package multiple related points in humorous/thought -

invoking way

— Euphemism

- Soften the impact of harsh or unpleasant language

— Litotes

-Understatement

— Meiosis

Sensitivity, minimize impact

— Ellipses

- Create a sense of hesitation or trailing off

- Suggest that there is more to be said

- Can be used to create suspense or leave the reader guessing

— Collocation

-Familiarity, better delivery

— Irony

-Emphasize important pattern by drawing attention through

humour

— Parody

- humor, make a point about the original work

— Satire

- Can be used to persuade or provoke thought

— Sarcasm

- mock, convey contempt

-more biting or cutting effect

- express frustration or disagreement

— Latinate Words

- Create a more formal, academic, or technical tone

- Can be used to establish a particular register or style

— Germanic Words

- Create a more direct, simple, or colloquial tone

- Can be used to establish a particular register or style

— Loan and Foreign Words

- Create a sense of exoticism or sophistication

- Can be used to establish a particular cultural context

— Neologism

- Can be used to create a sense of innovation or progress

 - avoids connotations associated with other words, allows for
first impressions.

— Kennings

- add an extra layer of description, richness, and meaning

— Motif/Symbol

-connective thematic tissue that runs throughout a literary

work, enhances the .
iterary work's thematic depth.

- Establish a recurring element with symbolic significance

—Symbol

Relies on pre-established meaning, implication on audience

— Stream of Consciousness

- Capture the flow of thoughts and feelings

- Create a more subjective, immersive experience for the reader

- Can be used to explore the inner workings of a character's

mind

— Onomatopoeia

- Create a more vivid, sensory experience for the reader

- discourse Markers

-disrupt thought pattern

— Analogy

- Create a more accessible or relatable explanation

- Can be used to demonstrate a point or persuade the reader

— Parallelism

-add pleasing rhythm , eloquence, highlight or emphasize ideas,

use of repetition can make a speech more persuasive.

- Create a sense of balance or symmetry in the text

- Emphasize the importance of an idea or phrase

- Can be used for rhetorical effect or to create a memorable

phrase

— Metaphor -Simile
 - Create a more vivid, imaginative description

- Can be used to explore abstract ideas or concepts

— Allegory

- Create a more layered, narrative

-Explore real aspects of philosophical ideas

— Allusion

- Reference a person, place, event, or literary work

- Create a sense of cultural or literary context

- Can be used to add depth or complexity to the text

— Oxymoron

- Juxtapose contradictory terms

- Create a paradoxical or paradoxical effect

- Can be used for emphasis or to highlight a contradiction

— Paradox

- State something that appears contradictory but reveals a truth

- Create a thought-provoking or puzzling effect

- Can be used to explore complex ideas or challenge

assumptions

-establish false chain of reasoning

— Tripartite Structure

- Create a sense of balance or completeness

- Helps land points through structured nature

— Connotation

- makes use of layered or nuanced understanding of a word

— Denotation

-acts an anchor for figurative exploration for certain ideas

— Idiom

-Strong/Sharp conclusion to idea

— Proverb

- Create a sense of wisdom or experience

-Forwards rhetoric using established values

— Jargon

- Create a sense of insider knowledge or expertise

- Can be used to establish a particular professional or academic

context

— Epithet

-provide characterizing description

-sarcasm

— Caricature:
-Add humor

- Advance propaganda

- Create subconscious bias

— Foreshadow

- Create a sense of anticipation or suspense

- Can be used to build tension or create a sense of foreboding

— Vignette:
- Create a sense of mood or atmosphere

—Anecdotal evidence:

-to sometimes misdirect to heighten the story's plot, add a

humorous twist, or increase plot tension.

- Prove a point

— In Media Res

- Hook

-Immediate Immersion

-Tension, excitement

— Flashback

- Create a sense of context or backstory

- Cast new light on events

 -Twist that captivates readers by subverting their expectations,
prompting them . to reevaluate the story, and
adding depth and complexity to the narrative. Has . . . lasting
impact

— Alliteration/Assonance

- Create a sense of rhythm or musicality

- Can be used for emphasis or to create a memorable phrase

— Anaphora

- Repeat a word or phrase at the beginning of successive

clauses

- Create a sense of emphasis or rhetorical effect

- Can be used for persuasion or to create a memorable phrase

— Hypophora

- Can be used to accent or to structure an argument

— Lexical Field

- Group words by meaning referring to a specific subject

- Create a sense of context or subject matter

- Can be used to establish a particular theme or topic

— Reported Speech

- Create a sense of objectivity or distance

-Ethos

— Direct Speech

-Ethos

- Can be used to establish a particular character's voice or

personality

—Present Tense

- Maintain Awareness,
- draw attention to words and phrasing

—Past Tense

- Greater immersion
- Easier to gain new readers
- Improved readability, appeals to wider audience
— Future Tense

-keep the narrative fresh through variety, break the monotony

of traditional storytelling

-Challenges of Suspension of Disbelief

-Creating Tension and Expectations

— 1st Person:
- Strong voice

- express thoughts and feelings

— 2nd Person

- brings the reader closer to the narrator, making the reading

experience more intimate and less detached

- enhances their memorization of the advertised message

- adds emotive/personal connection to message/ story

—3rd Person

- float between multiple characters

- characters at arm’s length

— Voice

-Voice inhabits the writing, and it is what gives the writing

dimension

- interpretation of the world around them

— Varying Sentence length

- Short sentence creates drama

- Long sentences add importance to writing, create slower

rhythm

— Consistent Sentence length

- Short sentences – Fast pace, exiting tone

- Long Sentences – slow rhythm, thought provoking, requires

focus
— Graduated Sentence length

< develops focus, capability for complex thought.

> increasing pace, interest builds

— Absence of regular punctuation -Haste, Brevity

Creating/Setting Mood
 Romantic (Imagery, Metaphor, Symbolism)

 Cheerful (Alliteration, Imagery, Humour)

 Hopeful (Imagery, Metaphor, Uplifting Language)

 Light-hearted (Humour, Simile, Exaggeration)

 Idyllic (Imagery, Symbolism, Personification)

 Whimsical (Imagery, Personification, Playful Language)

 Nostalgic (Imagery, Tone, Symbolism)

 Reflective (Imagery, Symbolism, Tone)

 Calm and Tranquil (Imagery, Personification, Alliteration)

 Peaceful (Imagery, Personification, Alliteration)

 Melancholy (Imagery, Symbolism, Tone)

 Gloomy (Imagery, Tone, Symbolism)

 Lonely (Imagery, Personification, Metaphor)

 Sad (Imagery, Metaphor, Tone)

 Tense and Anxious (Foreshadowing, Short Sentences, Imagery)

 Fear (Onomatopoeia, Imagery, Foreshadowing)

 Eerie and Uncanny (Dissonance, Symbolism, Personification)

 Anger (Strong Verbs, Imagery, Repetition)

 Mysterious (Foreshadowing, Imagery, Symbolism)

 Fey (Whimsical Imagery, Ethereal Tone, Ambiguity)

Effects and setting of Tone
[Link]
Use delicate, flowing language and imagery that evokes a sense of
lightness or otherworldliness. Employ metaphors that compare the scene
to celestial or dreamlike elements.

2. Sombre
Utilize dark imagery and a slow, deliberate pace. Choose words that
convey heaviness and gravity and consider using shorter sentences to
enhance the mood of seriousness.

3. Joyful
Use bright, vibrant imagery and energetic language. Incorporate repetition
and rhythm to create a sense of movement and excitement.

4. Mysterious
Utilize ambiguous language and imagery that creates intrigue. Employ
foreshadowing and leave questions unanswered to enhance the sense of
mystery.

5. Playful
Use light-hearted language, unexpected juxtapositions, and imaginative
scenarios. Incorporate humour and whimsy to create a sense of fun and
creativity.

6. Authoritative
Use confident and assertive language. Employ precise and clear diction,
and consider using imperative sentences to convey certainty and
command.
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