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Logarithmic Equations and Graphing

Q: Demonstrate how the expression 8 ln 81 – 10 ln 27 can be reduced to a single logarithm expression.

The expression 8 ln 81 – 10 ln 27 can be simplified using logarithm properties: 8 ln 81 translates to ln(81^8), and 10 ln 27 to ln(27^{10}). The difference becomes ln((81^8)/(27^{10})), further simplifying based on the values of 81 and 27 or evaluated numerically as necessary .

Q: What method can be used to determine when the power generated by a radioisotope in a satellite will diminish to 11.44 watts using the equation P = 53e–0.0042t?

Set the equation P = 53e–0.0042t equal to 11.44. Solve for t by taking the natural logarithm on both sides, resulting in ln(11.44/53) = -0.0042t. Solve this equation to find t. The solution reveals that after about 365 days, the power will decrease to 11.44 watts .

Q: How does the bonus of waiting an additional 5 years impact the amount in a continuously compounded savings account?

The impact of waiting an additional 5 years to withdraw from a savings account increases the amount significantly due to the nature of exponential growth. Over time, the interest compounds and magnifies, leading to an increase of $708.50, compared to the original 5-year plan. This showcases the value of letting interest accrue over a longer period .

Q: How can the equation 0.58 = 5.03 – 5 log10 x be used to determine the distance of the star Vega from Earth using a graphing calculator?

To find the distance of Vega from Earth using the equation 0.58 = 5.03 – 5 log10 x, graph each side of the equation as separate functions in a graphing calculator. Use the intersect feature to determine the x-value where the graphs intersect. The intersection at (7.762, 0.58) indicates that Vega is approximately 7.762 parsecs from Earth .

Q: What steps can be taken to solve the equation e4 = 8x in logarithmic form?

The equation e4 = 8x can be rewritten in logarithmic form as ln(8x) = 4. This involves expressing the equation in terms of natural logarithms, using the relationship that if y = ex, then ln(y) = x, indicating a connection between exponential and logarithmic expressions .

Q: Explain how you would estimate log3 15,309 given log3 7 ≈ 1.7712.

To estimate log3 15,309, express the number as 15,309 = 7 * 2187 = 7 * 37. Use the product property of logarithms to rewrite as log3(7) + log3(37). Knowing log3 37 can be calculated as 7, thus log3 15,309 ≈ 1.7712 + 7, resulting in approximately 8.7712 .

Q: How can one use the continuously compounded interest formula to determine the additional amount in Cho's savings if she waits 10 years instead of 5 years to withdraw her money?

Using the formula A = Pert, calculate the account balance after 5 and 10 years. After 5 years, the balance is approximately $3385.90, while after 10 years, it is about $4094.40. The difference, $4094.40 - $3385.90, equals $708.50, representing the additional amount in savings if Cho waits 10 years instead of withdrawing at 5 years .

Q: What equation models the population growth of Alaska from 1980 to 2010, and how can it be used to predict future population levels?

The population growth of Alaska can be modeled by the equation y = 410,851e0.0184t, where t is the number of years after 1980. This exponential growth equation allows for prediction of future population levels by substituting different values of t, revealing how continually compounded growth influences the population over time .

Q: In the context of logarithms, why might the graph of g(x) = -log4 x + 2 involve both a reflection and translation, and how is this depicted graphically?

The graph of g(x) = -log4 x + 2 involves both reflection and translation. The reflection occurs because the coefficient of log is negative, resulting in a reflection across the x-axis. The translation happens because the constant term +2 shifts the graph upward by 2 units. Graphically, the original log function is flipped over the x-axis and shifted up, altering its orientation and vertical position .

Q: How would you solve the inequality 6k - 3 > 11k and determine the range of values k can take?

To solve 6k - 3 > 11k, first isolate k by moving terms: 6k - 11k > 3, yielding -5k > 3. Dividing both sides by -5 and reversing the inequality (as division by a negative number requires), k < -0.6, showing the solution range for k .

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

79 views20 pages

Logarithmic Equations and Graphing

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Mod 6 Test Practice

1. OPEN RESPONSE Write each equation in logarithmic form.

a. 64 = 1296

SOLUTION:

a. 64 = 1296 → log6 1296 = 4

ANSWER:
a. log15 128 = 7
b.

2. GRAPH Graph f(x) = log7 x – 3.

SOLUTION:
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Mod 6 Test Practice

f(x) = log7 x – 3 represents a transformation of the graph of f(x) = log7 x.

Consider the graph of the parent function, f(x) = log7 x.

k = –3: Because k < 0, the graph is translated 3 units down.

ANSWER:

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Mod 6 Test Practice

3. GRAPH Graph g(x) = –log4 x + 2.

SOLUTION:

g(x) = –log4 x + 2 represents a transformation of the graph of f(x) = log4 x.

Consider the graph of the parent function, f(x) = log4 x.

a = –1: Because a is negative, the graph is reflected across the x-axis.

k = 2: Because k > 0, the graph is translated 2 units up.

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Mod 6 Test Practice

ANSWER:

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Mod 6 Test Practice

4. MULTIPLE CHOICE Which of the following is equivalent to log81 3?

A. –4
B.

D. 4
SOLUTION:

Therefore, .

The answer is C.

ANSWER:
C.

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Mod 6 Test Practice

5. OPEN RESPONSE Explain how you can use log3 7 ≈ 1.7712 to approximate the value of log3 15,309.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
Sample answer: If I divide 15,309 by 7, the result is 2,187, or 37. So, the expression that needs to be approximated can be written as log3 7 • 37. Then,
using the Product Property of Logarithms, the expression can be rewritten again as log3 7 + log3 37. I know that log3 37 = 7, so the approximate value of
log3 15,309 is about 1.7712 + 7 or 8.7712.

6. MULTIPLE CHOICE Find the value of x that makes the equation true.

log11 (x 2 + 5x – 108) = log11 28x

A. –7
B. –4
C. 18
D. 27
SOLUTION:

Solve for x.

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Mod 6 Test Practice

Check for extraneous solutions.

Because the logarithm of a negative number is undefined, –4 is an extraneous solution. So, x = 27.

The answer is D.

ANSWER:
D. 27

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Mod 6 Test Practice

7. MULTIPLE CHOICE Solve .

A. 2
B. 14
C. 44.8
D. 128
SOLUTION:

The answer is D.

ANSWER:
D. 128

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Mod 6 Test Practice

8. OPEN RESPONSE Some stars appear brighter than others because they are closer to Earth. The equation 0.58 = 5.03 – 5 log10 x can be used to
determine the distance x in parsecs that the star, Vega, is from Earth. Explain how to use a graphing calculator to find the distance Vega is from Earth.
SOLUTION:

Use a calculator to solve for x.

Enter each side of the equation as a function in the Y= list. Then, use the intersect feature to find the value of x. The functions intersect at (7.762, 0.58).

Vega is about 7.762 parsecs from Earth.

ANSWER:
Sample answer: I can graph a system of equations and find the intersection. The intersection of y = 0.58 and y = 5.03 – 5 log10 x is (7.762, 0.58).
So, Vega is about 7.762 parsecs from Earth.

9. MULTI-SELECT Select all the solutions of 14x – 5 = 8x.

A. –23.5792
B. 11.6667
C. 23.5792
D.

F. log 14(x – 5) = log 8x

SOLUTION:

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Mod 6 Test Practice

The answers are C and E.

ANSWER:
C. 23.5792
E.

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Mod 6 Test Practice

10. OPEN RESPONSE Solve 6k – 3 > 11k .

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
k < –8.8681

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Mod 6 Test Practice

11. MULTIPLE CHOICE Which equation is equivalent to 12 logx 8 = 15?

SOLUTION:

The answer is B.

ANSWER:
B.

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Mod 6 Test Practice

12. MULTIPLE CHOICE Each key on a piano has a certain frequency, related to its position on the keyboard. The relationship can be described using the
equation , where n is the number of the key and f is the frequency in hertz. If middle C has a frequency of 261.1 Hz, what number

key is it on a regular keyboard? Round to the nearest whole number, if necessary.

A. 3
B. 10
C. 39
D. 40
SOLUTION:

If middle C has a frequency of 261.1 Hz, it is number key 40 on a regular keyboard.

The answer is D.

ANSWER:
D. 40

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Mod 6 Test Practice

13. OPEN RESPONSE Write each equation in logarithmic form.

a. e4 = 8x

b. e2x = 17
SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
a. ln 8x = 7
b. ln 17 = 2x

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Mod 6 Test Practice

14. MULTI-SELECT Select all expressions that show 8 ln 81 – 10 ln 27 as a single logarithm.

B. ln 6
C. ln 9
D. 2 ln 3
E. –2 ln 53
SOLUTION:

The answers are C and D.

ANSWER:
C. ln 9
D. 2 ln 3

15. MULTIPLE CHOICE Cho started a savings account with $2800. The account pays 3.8% compounded continuously. Cho wanted to withdraw the

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Mod 6 Test Practice

money after 5 years, but her friend says she should wait to withdraw it after 10 years.

Use the continuously compounded interest formula, A = Pert, to determine how much more money will be in the savings account if
Cho waits 10 years instead of 5 years to withdraw the money? Round to the nearest cent.

A. $691.66
B. $708.50
C. $3385.90
D. $4094.40
SOLUTION:

Find the amount in the account after 5 years.

The balance of Cho's account after 5 years is about $3385.90.

Find the amount in the account after 10 years.

The balance of Cho's account after 10 years is about $4094.40.

Cho will have about $4094.40 – $3385.90 = $708.50 in the account if he waits 10 years instead of 5 years to withdraw the money.

The asnswer is B.

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Mod 6 Test Practice

ANSWER:
B. $708.50

16. OPEN RESPONSE Solve the inequality. Round to the nearest ten-thousandth.

ln (2x + 5)3 < 6

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
x < 1.1945

17. MULTIPLE CHOICE Alaska ranks as the 48th state when comparing population sizes. In 1980, the population was 410,851 and in 2010 the
population was 713,985. Which equation models the population of Alaska t years after 1980?

A. y = 410,851e0.0184t
B. y = 410,851e–0.0184t
C. y = 713,985e0.0184t
D. y = 713,985e–0.0184t
SOLUTION:

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Mod 6 Test Practice

Since t is the number of years after 1980, 410,851 represents the initial population, and 713,985 represents the population 30 years after 1980 in 2010, or
at t = 30.

The world's relative rate of growth is about, 0.0184, or about 1.84%.

So, the population of the Alaska t years after 1980 can be modeled by the equation y = 410,851e0.0184t.

The answer is A.

ANSWER:
A. y = 410,851e0.0184t

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Mod 6 Test Practice

18. OPEN RESPONSE Suppose the population of Alaska continues to grow at a continuous rate. Use the equation found in Exercise 17 to explain how to
predict when the population of Alaska will reach 1,600,000 people.
SOLUTION:

Alaska's population will reach approximately 1,600,000 in 73.88 years after 1980, or in 2053.

ANSWER:
Sample answer: Because y represents the population, substitute 1,600,000 for y in y = 410,851e0.0184t. Using natural logarithms, Alaska's population will
reach 1,600,000 people approximately 73.88 years after 1980, or in 2053.

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Mod 6 Test Practice

19. OPEN RESPONSE Satellites in space are powered by radioisotopes, or radioactive elements. The amount of power the radioisotope generates over
time can be represented by the equation P = 53e–0.0042t, where P is the output in watts and t is the time in days. After how many days will the remaining
power be 11.44 watts? Round to the nearest whole number.
SOLUTION:

After about 365 days the remaining power be 11.44 watts.

ANSWER:
365 days

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Common questions