0% found this document useful (0 votes)

34 views20 pages

Trigonometry and Irrigation Calculations

Q: What is the phase shift of a cosine function described by y = cos(θ +45°) compared to its parent function and explain its significance in altering the graph's position?

The function y = cos(θ + 45°) shifts 45° to the left compared to the basic cos(θ). This alters the graph position by moving it left along the θ-axis, affecting the starting point of each cycle and synchronizing the graph with changes in θ.

Q: Determine the amplitude and midline of the sinusoidal function describing average temperature data, given a maximum of 76 and a minimum of 68.

The amplitude of a sinusoidal function is half the difference between the maximum and minimum values: (76 - 68)/2 = 4. The midline is the average of the maximum and minimum values: (76 + 68)/2 = 72.

Q: Explain how a vertical asymptote is determined for the function f(x) = tan 2x, including its occurrence for given x values.

Vertical asymptotes for f(x) = tan 2x occur where the function is undefined, specifically when the angle in radians is an odd multiple of π/2, such as 2x = (2n+1)π/2. Solving for x gives x = (2n+1)π/4, such as B [n = 0] and D [n = 1]

Q: Describe the impact of changes to parameters in a trigonometric function on its graph, specifically for the function f(t) = 10 tan 0.628t.

The function f(t) = 10 tan 0.628t indicates two transformations: stretching vertically due to |a| = 10 > 1, and stretching horizontally because 0 < |b| = 0.628 < 1. These factor changes result in a vertically stretched and horizontally compressed graph compared to the parent function tan t.

Q: In trigonometry, how is the period of a function determined, and what are the periods for two functions with repeated patterns at specified intervals?

The period of a function is the interval after which it repeats. For a pattern repeating at 30, 60, 90, ..., the period is 30. If another pattern repeats at 20, 40, 60, ..., the period is 20.

Q: What trigonometric identities are involved in finding the remaining trigonometric functions given cos θ in a right triangle, and what are their values if cot θ = 3/4?

Given cos θ = x/1 and cot θ = cos θ / sin θ = 3/4, use the Pythagorean identity sin²θ + cos²θ = 1 to find sin θ = 4/5. Subsequently, you find the remaining functions: tan θ = sin θ / cos θ = (4/5) / (3/5) = 4/3, sec θ = 1/cos θ = 5/3, and csc θ = 1/sin θ = 5/4.

Q: Describe the function modeling a spring oscillation with a specific frequency and amplitude, identifying the correct mathematical representation.

A spring oscillation with a frequency of one cycle per second and a distance of 3 cm between its maximum and minimum points is modeled by y = 1.5 sin 2πt, representing an amplitude of 1.5 cm and completing one cycle per second, which benefits from a full cycle at b = 2π.

Q: What is the process to determine the distance a door swings open given a specific degree, and what is the distance from the wall to the edge of a 24-inch wide door that swings open 140°?

To determine the distance, use the formula for the arc length: s = rθ, where r is the radius (width of the door), and θ is the angle in radians. Convert 140° to radians: 140 × (π/180) = (7π/9) radians. The calculated approximate arc length is used with trigonometric functions to find the linear distance. For this scenario, it equals 15.4 inches.

Q: How do you identify the amplitude, phase shift, and range of the function y = cos(x + 45°), and what are their respective values?

For y = cos(x + 45°), the amplitude is the coefficient of the cosine function, which is 1 (since there is no coefficient, assume 1). The phase shift is determined by the addition inside the function, 45° to the left. The range is [–1, 1] due to the nature of the cosine function.

Q: How do you convert an angle from degrees to radians and apply this to convert 80°?

To convert degrees to radians, use the formula (degrees) × (π/180). Applying this to 80°: 80 × (π/180) = (4π/9) radians.

Uploaded by

NKA

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

34 views20 pages

Trigonometry and Irrigation Calculations

Uploaded by

NKA

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Mod 9 Test Practice

1. OPEN RESPONSE Convert each measure from degrees to radians.

a) 20°

b) 80°

c) 160°
SOLUTION:

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1

Mod 9 Test Practice

ANSWER:
a)

2. MULTIPLE CHOICE Convert radians to degrees.

A. 30°
B. 45°
C. 60°
D. 90°
SOLUTION:

The answer is C.

ANSWER:
C. 60°

3. OPEN RESPONSE In a central pivot irrigation system, sprinklers mounted on a long pipe are moved around a field in a circular pattern.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 2

Mod 9 Test Practice

If it takes 12 hours for the system to complete one pass around the circle, how many meters will the outer edge of the pipe travel in 1 hour? Round to the
nearest meter.
SOLUTION:

Step 1 Find the central angle in radians.

Step 2 Find the arc length.

The outer edge of the pipe travel about 50π or 157 meters in 1 hour.

ANSWER:
157 meters

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 3

Mod 9 Test Practice

4. TABLE ITEM Given that cos θ = and 0 < θ < , find the values of the other five trigonometric functions at θ.

sin θ
tan θ
csc θ
sec θ
cot θ

SOLUTION:

Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the side opposite θ, a.

To write the remaining trigonometric functions, first find the missing side length, a. Because the triangle is a right triangle, use the Pythagorean Theorem.

Find the values.

leg opposite θ =

leg adjacent θ = 3
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 4
Mod 9 Test Practice

hypotenuse = 4

sin θ = cos θ =

tan θ = csc θ =

sec θ = cot θ =

ANSWER:

sin θ X
tan θ X
csc θ X
sec θ X
cot θ X

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 5

Mod 9 Test Practice

5. OPEN RESPONSE If sin θ = , what is tan θ?

SOLUTION:

Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the adjacent side, b.

To write the remaining trigonometric functions, first find the missing side length, b. Because the triangle is a right triangle, use the Pythagorean Theorem.

Find the values.

leg opposite θ = 7

leg adjacent θ = 24

hypotenuse = 25

tan θ =

ANSWER:

6. MULTIPLE CHOICE A door is 24 inches wide and can swing open 140°.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 6
Mod 9 Test Practice

What is the distance, in inches, from the wall to the edge of the door? Round to the nearest tenth of an inch.

A. 11.8 inches
B. 15.4 inches
C. 20.1 inches
D. 40 inches
SOLUTION:

Let y be the distance, in inches, from the wall to the edge of the door. To find y, use the sine function. Solve sin 140° = .

Find the measure of the reference angle.

The terminal side of 140° lies in Quadrant II.

Use the reference angle to evaluate the function.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 7

Mod 9 Test Practice

The distance from the wall to the edge of the door is about 15.4 inches.

The answer is B.

ANSWER:
B. 15.4 inches

7. OPEN RESPONSE Angle θ is drawn in standard position. At which point does the terminal side of θ intersect the unit circle if θ = ?

SOLUTION:

Using the unit circle, it is given that the special angle intersects the unit circle in Quadrant II at .

ANSWER:

8. TABLE ITEM The terminal side of θ in standard position intersects the unit circle at (x, 0.25). Find the approximate values of each of the trigonometric
functions of θ given that x > 0.

0.25 0.26 0.97 1.03 3.87 4

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 8
Mod 9 Test Practice

sin θ
cos θ
tan θ
csc θ
sec θ
cot θ

SOLUTION:

(x, 0.25) = (cos θ, sin θ), so sin θ = 0.25.

Use θ = 14.5° to cos θ.

Use the value of θ, cos θ, and sin θ to find the remaining trigonometric values.

ANSWER:
0.25 0.26 0.97 1.03 3.87 4
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 9
Mod 9 Test Practice

sin θ X
cos θ X
tan θ X
csc θ X
sec θ X
cot θ X

9. OPEN RESPONSE Determine the period of each function.

[insert art]

[insert art]
SOLUTION:

a) The pattern repeats at 30, 60, 90, and so on. So, the period is 30.

b) The pattern repeats at 20, 40, 60, 80, and so on. So, the period is 20.

ANSWER:
a) 30
b) 20

10. OPEN RESPONSE Use this function to identify the following.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 10

Mod 9 Test Practice

a) amplitude

b) midline
SOLUTION:

The maximum is 3. The minimum is –3.

a) The amplitude is or 3.

b) The midline is at y = or y = 0.

ANSWER:
a) 3
b) y = 0

11. MULTIPLE CHOICE A spring oscillates with a frequency of 1 cycle per second. The distance between the maximum and minimum points of the
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 11
Mod 9 Test Practice

oscillation is 3 centimeters. Which of these functions can be used to model the oscillation if y represents the distance in centimeters from the equilibrium
position and t is given in seconds.

A. y = 1.5 sin 2πt

B. y = 1.5 sin πt
C. y = 3 sin 2πt
D. y = 3 sin πt
SOLUTION:

The spring completes 1 cycle per second, so the period is 1.

Use the positive value of b for the period.

The distance between the maximum and minimum points of the oscillation is 3 centimeters. So, the amplitude is or 1.5 cm.

Write a function in the form y = a sin b(t – h) + k.

The answer is A.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 12

Mod 9 Test Practice

ANSWER:
A. y = 1.5 sin 2πt

12. MULTI-SELECT For which of these values of x does the function f(x) = tan 2x have a vertical asymptote? Select all that apply.

B.
C. 0
D.

SOLUTION:

For a tangent function in the form y = a tan bx, represents the period. Because b = 2, the period is or radians.

The asymptotes occur at x = or radians, where n is an integer.

Let n = –1, then = .

Let n = 0, then = .

The answers are B and D.

ANSWER:

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 13

Mod 9 Test Practice

13. MULTIPLE CHOICE Which function is graphed below?

A. f(x) = sec 3x
B. f(x) = cos 3x
C. f(x) = 3 sec x
D. f(x) = 3 cos x
SOLUTION:

The graph is a reciprocal function, so eliminate choices B and D.

Reciprocal function do not have an amplitude, so a = 1. So, eliminate choice C.

Therefore, the function is f(x) = sec 3x.

Check the answer by finding the period, asymptotes, and relative extrema of f(x) = sec 3x and comparing to the graph.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 14

Mod 9 Test Practice

Since f(x) = sec 3x is the reciprocal of f(x) = cos 3x, the graphs have the same period of , or 120°. The vertical asymptotes occur when cos 3x =

0. So the asymptotes are x = 30°, x = 90°, ... or x = (30 + 60n)°, where n is an integer.

The relative maxima and minima of f(x) = sec 3x occur at the same points as the relative minima and maxima of f(x) = cos 3x. So, f(x) = sec
3x has relative minima at x = 0°, x = 120°, ... or x = (120n)°, where n is an integer, and f(x) = sec 3x has relative maxima at x = 60°, x = 180°, ... or x =
(60 + 120n)°, where n is an integer. The midline is y = 0.

The period, asymptotes, and relative extrema of f(x) = sec 3x match the graph, so the function that is graphed is f(x) = sec 3x.

The answer is A.

ANSWER:
A. f(x) = sec 3x

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 15

Mod 9 Test Practice

14. MULTI-SELECT A rotating beacon is positioned 10 meters from a wall. The beacon projects a dot of light onto the wall. The location of the dot can be
modeled by the function f(t) = 10 tan 0.628t, where f(t) is the position left or right of the centerline in meters and t is given in seconds. How is the graph of
f(t) related to the graph of its parent function? Select all that apply.

A. The graph has been compressed vertically.

B. The graph has been stretched vertically.
C. The graph has been compressed horizontally.
D. The graph has been stretched horizontally.
E. The graph has been stretched vertically and compressed horizontally.
SOLUTION:

Analyze the function.

For f(t) = 10 tan 0.628t, a = 10 and b = 0.28.

So, the graph of f(t) = 10 tan 0.628t is stretched vertically because |a| > 1 and stretched horizontally because 0 < |b| < 1.

The answers are B and D.

ANSWER:
B. The graph has been stretched vertically.
D. The graph has been stretched horizontally.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 16

Mod 9 Test Practice

15. MULTI-SELECT Select the key features of the graph of y = cos (x + 45°).

A. The amplitude is 1.
B. The period is 315°.
C. The phase shift is 45° right.
D. The domain is all real numbers.
E. The range is [–1, 1].
SOLUTION:

Step 1 Analyze the function.

For y = a cos b(θ – h), a represents the amplitude, represents the period, and h represents the phase shift.

For y = cos (θ + 45°), the amplitude is 1, the period is or 360°, and the phase shift is 45° to the left in relation to the parent function.

The domain is all real numbers or –∞ < θ < ∞. The range is –1 ≤ f(θ) ≤ 1 or [–1, 1].

The answers are A, D, and E.

ANSWER:
A. The amplitude is 1.
D. The domain is all real numbers.
E. The range is [–1, 1].

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 17

Mod 9 Test Practice

16. OPEN RESPONSE The graph shows the average temperature in Haleiwa, Hawaii. The data can be approximated by the function
.

a) Find the value of a.

b) Find the value of h.

c) Find the value of k.

SOLUTION:

a) The maximum value is 76. The minimum value is 68. The amplitude is or 4. So, a = 4.

b) In the parent function f(t) = sin t, the midline goes through the point (0, 0). The midline of the function goes through the

point (20, 72). The graph is translated 20 units right, so h = 20.

c) In the parent function f(t) = sin t, the midline goes through the point (0, 0). The midline of the function goes through the

point (20, 72). The graph is translated 72 units up, so k = 72.

ANSWER:
a) 4
b) 20
c) 72

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 18

Mod 9 Test Practice

17. MULTIPLE CHOICE Find .

SOLUTION:

Find the angle θ for 0 ≤ θ ≤ π with a cosine value of . Use the unit circle.

When θ = 150°, cos θ = . So, = 150° or .

The answer is C.

ANSWER:
C.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 19

Mod 9 Test Practice

18. OPEN RESPONSE Fala is 64 inches tall. Her shadow measures 40 inches long. What is the angle of elevation of the Sun to the nearest degree?
SOLUTION:

The angle of elevation of the Sun is about 58°.

ANSWER:
58°

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 20

Common questions