Software design
The software design includes the following key components:
Sensor Detection Code: The microcontroller is programmed to constantly check the
sensor’s state (whether motion is detected) and take action when needed.
Actuator Control Code: The code for controlling the actuator, i.e., sending signals to
open or close the door.
Remote Control Interface (Optional): The remote interface code, allowing the user to
monitor the door status and open/close it remotely.
Programming Languages and Tools:
Programming Language:
o For Arduino: C++ (using Arduino IDE).
o For Raspberry Pi: Python (using libraries like GPIO Zero or [Link]).
Development Tools:
o Arduino IDE (for coding, uploading, and debugging).
o Thonny IDE or VS Code (for Raspberry Pi development).
Algorithm for Door Control
The following steps outline the core algorithm:
1. Initialize the sensor, actuator, and any communication modules.
2. Continuously read sensor data.
3. If the sensor detects motion:
o Send a signal to the actuator to open the door.
o Start a delay timer.
4. If no motion is detected after the delay timer expires:
o Send a signal to the actuator to close the door.
5. Repeat the process.
Code Implementation
Example Code for Arduino
cpp
#include <Servo.h>
// Pin Definitions
#define PIR_PIN 2 // PIR sensor connected to pin 2
#define SERVO_PIN 9 // Servo motor connected to pin 9
// Global Variables
Servo doorServo; // Servo motor object
int sensorValue = 0; // Variable to store sensor reading
int doorOpenAngle = 90; // Angle to open the door
int doorCloseAngle = 0; // Angle to close the door
unsigned long openTime = 0; // Tracks when the door was opened
const unsigned long delayTime = 5000; // 5 seconds delay before closing
void setup() {
pinMode(PIR_PIN, INPUT);
[Link](SERVO_PIN);
[Link](doorCloseAngle); // Start with door closed
[Link](9600);
}
void loop() {
sensorValue = digitalRead(PIR_PIN);
if (sensorValue == HIGH) { // Motion detected
[Link]("Motion Detected!");
[Link](doorOpenAngle); // Open the door
openTime = millis(); // Record the time
}
// Close the door after delay if no motion
if ((millis() - openTime) > delayTime && sensorValue == LOW) {
[Link]("Closing the door.");
[Link](doorCloseAngle);
}
}
Optional: Bluetooth Integration (Using HC-05)
For remote control using a mobile app:
1. Establish a Bluetooth connection using the HC-05 module.
2. Add commands to open/close the door manually.
Example Addition to Code:
cpp
Copy code
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
// Bluetooth Module Pins
SoftwareSerial BTSerial(10, 11); // RX, TX
void setup() {
[Link](9600); // Start Bluetooth communication
...
}
void loop() {
// Check for Bluetooth command
if ([Link]()) {
char command = [Link]();
if (command == 'O') { // 'O' for Open
[Link](doorOpenAngle);
} else if (command == 'C') { // 'C' for Close
[Link](doorCloseAngle);
}
}
...
}
For Raspberry Pi (Python)
Here’s a similar implementation using Python:
python
Copy code
import [Link] as GPIO
import time
# Pin Definitions
PIR_PIN = 17
SERVO_PIN = 18
# Setup
[Link]([Link])
[Link](PIR_PIN, [Link])
[Link](SERVO_PIN, [Link])
# Servo Setup
servo = [Link](SERVO_PIN, 50) # 50 Hz PWM frequency
[Link](0)
def set_servo_angle(angle):
duty = 2 + (angle / 18) # Convert angle to duty cycle
[Link](SERVO_PIN, True)
[Link](duty)
[Link](1)
[Link](SERVO_PIN, False)
[Link](0)
try:
while True:
if [Link](PIR_PIN): # Motion detected
print("Motion Detected!")
set_servo_angle(90) # Open door
[Link](5) # Delay before closing
else:
print("No motion, closing door.")
set_servo_angle(0) # Close door
[Link](1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("Exiting program.")
[Link]()