CHAPTER III
Methodology
Research Design
This study's research design is descriptive, which allows researchers to carefully
describe a condition or event without influencing factors. Descriptive research is particularly
useful for studying specific populations' perceptions, opinions, and behaviors. This design
allows for the collection of both quantitative and qualitative data to provide an evident
consideration of the current state of the phenomenon under investigation, which in this case is
the perceptions of Local Social Welfare and Development (LSWD) personnel about the
effectiveness of rehabilitation programs in reducing juvenile recidivism.
According to Groenland and Dana (2022), descriptive research provides a framework for
gathering data that is structured but non-intrusive, allowing for natural variations in the
population’s experiences to emerge. The descriptive approach is ideal for assessing the impact
of programs where contextual factors play a significant role, such as social welfare interventions
in specific communities. By using surveys or other forms of data collection, researchers can
obtain a snapshot of attitudes and outcomes without altering the environment, making it highly
applicable to social sciences research. This design is also flexible, allowing the use of both
quantitative and qualitative data to assess the perceived effectiveness of interventions, which
aligns with the study's goal of examining multiple facets of rehabilitation program success.
Descriptive research, particularly through surveys, is often employed in social welfare studies to
measure the impact of interventions (Wang & Pei, 2021).
Locale of the Study
The researcher will conduct the study in Borongan City, Eastern Samar specifically at
the Local Social Welfare and Development. The researcher chose this locale due to its
proximity and convenience because one researcher is living near the area.
Figure 2. locale of borongan city, eastern samar at local social welfare and development
Respondents of the Study
The target population consists of local social welfare and development officers from
selected municipalities in Eastern Samar who are actively involved in the implementation and
monitoring of juvenile rehabilitation programs. The number of respondents was computed
according to Slovin’s formula.
Sampling Technique
A purposive sampling technique will be utilized to gather sufficient information by
purposefully choosing respondents, mainly as in the case of local social welfare and
development (LSWD) personnel directly involved in juvenile rehabilitation. The study uses
purposive sampling to select respondents based on their knowledge, expertise, or involvement
in the specific area under investigation. This technique is useful for gathering insights from
individuals with direct experience in the subject, such as the LSWD personnel involved in
juvenile rehabilitation.
Research Instruments
The researchers will use a standardized close-ended survey questionnaire as the
research instrument. A survey questionnaire is an Instrument/technique for gathering statistical
information about the attributes, attitudes, or actions of a population by administering
standardized questions to some or all of its members the ubiquity of questionnaire surveys
attests to their utility and ease of use. Mainly useful for descriptive research, surveys provide
broad coverage of populations enabling us to explore the extent and nature of spatial and social
variations in people's attributes, attitudes, and actions. Generally, the aim is to obtain
information suitable for statistical analysis.
The researchers will conduct pilot testing to test the reliability of the instrument to be
able to know the level of effectiveness of rehabilitation programs in reducing repeat offenses
among juveniles as perceived by local social welfare and development personnel in selected
municipalities at eastern samar.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers will first obtain permission from the necessary panels and advisers to
conduct the survey. They will then request authorization from the local social welfare and
development agency to administer the survey questionnaire to the LSWD personnel regarding
their perceptions of the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs in reducing repeat offenses
among juveniles. After preparing, validating, and piloting the survey questionnaires, they will be
distributed to the selected LSWD personnel either in-person or via email, based on their
preferences. Reminders will be sent to those receiving the questionnaire via email to encourage
timely responses. All respondents will be provided with a brief informed consent form before
completing the questionnaire.
This form will ensure that the respondents are fully aware of the study's ethical
considerations and their right to withdraw at any point. Respondents will be given two weeks to
complete the survey, allowing sufficient time for thoughtful responses. During this period, the
researcher will remain available to address any questions or concerns the respondents may
have regarding the survey. After the two weeks, the completed questionnaires will be collected,
either by picking them up in person or through follow-up emails. Once the data is collected, the
responses will be compiled and stored securely for analysis. The quantitative data from the
liker-scale questions will be entered into statistical software for analysis, throughout the data
collection process, the researcher will ensure strict adherence to ethical standards, including
maintaining the confidentiality and anonymity of the respondents.
Measurement of Variables
In the facilitation of data analysis, categorical data was assigned with the following
arbitrary codes:
Variable Arbitrary Code
Effectiveness of rehabilitation programs
Highly Effective 5
Effective 4
Neutral 3
Ineffective 2
Highly Ineffective 1
Reducing repeat offenses among juveniles as perceived by the
Local social welfare and development personnel
Highly Effective 5
Effective 4
Neutral 3
Ineffective 2
Highly Ineffective 1
Analysis of the Data
All the data will be collected and analyzed based on the answers of the respondents.
Assessing and analyzing are done by the researcher first. The researchers will summarize the
data and would come up with an initial result. The researchers then will seek help from a
licensed SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) or statistician to have accurate data
treatment and interpretation.
To answer the objective number 1 & 2, descriptive statistics such as mean, percentage
and frequency were used. While for objective number 3, an inferential statistic was used to see
the significant relationship on the level of effectiveness of rehabilitation programs, and the
factors affecting the reducing repeat offenses among juveniles as perceived by local social
welfare and development personnel in selected municipalities at eastern samar.
Weighted Mean Scale Verbal Interpretation
4.9 – 5.0 5 Highly Effective
3.9 – 4.8 4 Effective
2.9 – 3.8 3 Neutral
1.9 – 2.8 2 Ineffective
1.0 – 1.8 1 Highly Ineffective
Ethical Considerations
The researchers are committed to ethical concerns in the conduct of this research
project, acknowledging the basic significance of protecting the rights, dignity, and well-being of
all those who engage in it.
To do this, the researchers will obtain informed permission from each respondent,
ensuring that they completely understood the nature and goal of their participation. The
information gathered during this research will be treated with the highest care and secrecy. With
the commitment to ensuring that this information is utilized just for the purposes of this research
and not released to any other party without the participants' informed agreement.
The researchers promise to follow all known ethical rules and principles when
conducting the study.