Question 6
Answer
The property trends in general on moving from left to right in a period
of the periodic table are :
1. Number of valence electrons — increases by one
2. Atomic radius — decreases.
3. Ionization potential — increases.
4. Electron affinity — increases (exception, electron affinity is zero
for noble gases).
5. Non-metallic character — increases.
6. Metallic character — decreases
7. Electronegativity — increases (with the exception of noble
gases, they have complete octet so do not attract electrons to
itself).
Question 13
Answer
(a) Periodicity in properties of elements — The phenomenon of
occurrence of characteristic properties of elements at definite
intervals in the modern periodic table
(b) Periodic properties — The properties which appear at regular
intervals in the periodic table are called periodic properties. Periodic
Properties are:
1. Atomic radii
2. Ionization potential
3. Electron affinity
4. Electronegativity
5. Non-Metallic and Metallic character.
6. Density
7. Melting and boiling points.
8. Nature of oxides, oxy-acids, hydrides.
(b) Periodicity of elements — Gradual change in properties of
elements when they are arranged in increasing order of atomic
number in the periodic table is called the periodicity of
elements.
Question 16
Answer
Factors affecting the atomic size are:
1. Number of shells
2. Nuclear charge
In period 2 from left to right, Li has the largest atomic size and F has
the smallest atomic size.
Question 20
Answer
(a) The Factors which affect the electron affinity are:
1. Atomic size —
2. Nuclear charge —
(b) The factors affecting electronegativity are:
1. Atomic size
2. Nuclear charge
Question 21
Answer
1. Electron affinity
Across a period atomic size decreases and nuclear charge
increases. Both these factors lead to an increase in the Electron
affinity across a period
atomic size dominates over increase in nuclear charge hence
Electron affinity decreases
2. Electronegativity
Across a period atomic size decreases and nuclear charge
increases. Both these factors lead to an increase in Electronegativity
across a period
atomic size dominates over increase in nuclear charge hence
Electronegativity decreases on moving down a group.
Question 25
Answer
Metallic/Non-Metallic character depends on atomic size and nuclear
charge. Increase in atomic size increases the Metallic nature and
increase in nuclear charge decreases the metallic nature. On moving
down the group both atomic size and nuclear charge increases. But
the atomic size increase dominates over nuclear charge increase.
Hence, tendency to lose electrons increases. Thus, metallic
character increases as one moves down a group and non-metallic
character decreases.