REPRODUCTION

Introduction Human reproductive MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

·Survival value system
·Transmission of ·Most efficient system
one generation ·Embryoà Female body
to other birth.
·Essential to
continue the Testes Vasa Epidermis Vas deferens Urethra
survival ·Pair in Scrotum efferentia ·Coiled at back ·Start from epidermis ·Terminal portion
·250-300 lobule ·10-20 vasa side of testes & move deep in of male duct
·Lobule have efferentia collect ·Highly coiled pelvis & join with ·Open outside at
Seminiferous tubule ·Sperm from testes ·6m when uncoiled duct of seminal vesicle external oriface and
here sperm produced ·Transport & storage to form ejaculatory duct convey semen & urine
·Leyden cell produce of sperm that enter in prostate &
testosterone ·Sperm able to swin here then empty is urethra.

ACCESSORY GLANDS SPERMATOGENESIS SPERM HORMONAL CONTROL

Seminal Prostate Cowper gland ·Process of sperm formation ·n cell Hypothalamus
vesicle ·Below Bladder · Mucus & have specific events, takes ·Head, neck, mid-piece tail â
place in saminiferous tubule Anterior Pituitary
·Alkaline ·Milky, Acidic alkaline fluid ·Headà Nucleus, chromosome
·Fructose ·Citrate · Neutralize acidity ·Spermatogonia outermost ·Top of head à Acrosome
·Vesiculase of urine in urethra cell form epithelial wall of that have hyaluronidase that
·Hyaluronidase
·Vitamin C · Thick & clear mucus somniferous tubule. Just help sperm to penetrate egg FSH LH
·Increase some drain in urethra beneath basal lamina. ·Neckà short & have pair of Stimulate Stimulate
sperm motility when acids & urine ·Spermatogonia divide by the centriole one centriole elongate sertoli cells leyding cell
& fertilization mitosis & form type A & B cells. in whole length of tail to complete sperm to release
power ·A cell mentain germ cell line ·Middle pieceà mitochondria in development testosterone
·B cellà human, produce sperm axial filament that cause
Semen: unite & sticky PH7.2-7.6 that help growth it
sperm+gland secretion neutral, i.e tno Acid B cell ·Healthy maleà 400 million sperm
â per day. germinal
mtritiunt protection & environment of vagina & epithelium
Transpose medium for urethra 2-5ne semen per [Link] ·Process start at 14 year of age,
Inhibin: by sertoli cells &
sperm. Prostagland in ejaculation & have 20-150 continue until death
control spermatogenesis
decrease viscosity of million sperms Secondary speimatoryte inhibin µ sperm
mucus & wording (meiosis I) count is inhibit FSH & GnlH.
curses aid slemn movment
Spermatid (meiosis II)
â
Spermatid (Spermatogenesis)
Spermà (Mature, elongate)
 REPRODUCTION

Female Reproductive Mental cycle

System ·Begin at puberty
·Oocyte change in
& ovary, controlled by
·Anterior pituitary.
Ovaries Fallopian tube Uterus Cervix Vagina Oogenesis
·Produce ova & ·Initial part of duct system · Pelvis,anterior to rectum, ·Entrance of uterus from · Thin walled 8-10cm ·Formation of egg,
Hormone ·Receive ovulated oocyte posterior to bladder, vagina, long tube extend from Years to complete
·Flank uterus on each ·Where fertilization done · Inverted pear ·Blocked by plug cervix to exterior ·Fetal period, oogonia(2n)
ovary. ·10cm long extend near · Hollow thick walked of mucus. ·Copulation birth canal, multiply & enter in growth
·Held in place in abdomen ovary & empty in Uterus muscular organ, Receive, ·Passage of delivery of in then transformed to P. oocyte &
by ligament ·Uterine tube à smooth. retain, nourish ovum. infant & Menstrual flow. surrounded by single layer
·Almond shape ·Muscle & Ciliated and · Perimetrium (onter most) ·Urethra is embedded in of follicle but stalled in
·3-5 cm wide non-ciliated cells · Myometrium (middle, anterior wall. prophase I & not complete
·Have ovarian muscular, bundle of smooth at & remain suspended till
·Oocyte à uterus by
10-14 year of age
follicle that have immature beating cilia & peristalsis muscle contract to help
egg called Oocye ·Non ciliated cells child birth)
·Ovulation ·Produce Secretion · Endometrium (inner spongy At puberty many oocytes are recruited & one in selected to continue
·Corpus luteum for nourishment and lining of uterine cavity) meiosis I producing two haploid cells, one is secondary oocyte & other is
moisture. If fertilization occur polar body (n). Secondary oocyte is arrested in metaphase II till it is
embryo take root into endometrium ovulated if sperm is absent it is destroyed if sperm present it produce Ovum
and reside there & 2nd polar body, equal cytoplasm to ensure nutrient supply to egg for
6-7 day journey, other cytoplasm die.

Menstural phase Proliferative phase Secretory Phase

(1-5 days) (6-14 days) (15-28 days)
·Uterus shed all but deepest ·Estrogen rise ·Ovulation take less Endometrium prepare for implantation, progesterone rise from corpus
part of endometrium it detach endometrium grow & then 5 mints at luteum, that cause arteries to elaborate & form a glandular secretion.
form uterus wall & shed off become velvety, thick end of Uterina gland enlarge coil & secreteglycogenin uterus that sustain embryo in implantation.
·Bleeding (3-5 days) as & vascularized. ·Proliferative phase I f n o f e r t i l i z a t i o n à
LH decline &corpus luteum degenerate.
menial flow ·Mucus is thick ·LH Response p r o g e s t e r o n f a l l ® e n d o m e t r i u m c e l l d i e
·At start of this stage ovarian & sticky it become ·LH® Corpus M e n t u a l a t i o n e n d a t a g e
hormone at lowest stage, thin and crystalline luteum of 50 (metafile)
·Gonadotrophin are beginning forming chanal
to rise, FSH begin to rise that aid sperm entry.
 REPRODUCTION

DISORDERS IVF MISCARRIAGE STD’S

Fertilization outside the body ·Loss of Pregnancy before 20th
Assisted Reproduction week of pregnancy.
used when sperms are too ·After 20th week called preterm birth
Female infertility Male infertility few or fallopian tube is blocked ·Caused by chromosomal problem
·Inability to be pregnant ·By vericocele. ·Multiple eggs are produced, then related to parents chromosomal
·Blocked fallopian ·Veins on testes are two Removed from women & treated drugs, Alcohol, toxin, obesity
tube due to defect of inflammatory large, heat testes that with sperm smoking, diabetes, immune reactionds
disease, endometriosis. effect shapes, number of sperms ·After 3-5 days embryo is implanted ·Half of egg die before being viable
·Physical problem with ·Abnormal shape of sperm in female uterus. state, Mostly 15-20% 7th week of pregnancy.
uterus. ·Injuries, inborn problems Abortion:-termination of pregnancy
·Uterine fibroid, muscles on ·Cystic fibrous from uterus before it is viable
wall of uterus. ·Few or no sperm ·Occur spontaneously, purposely
induced, also called induced
abortion of pregnancy.
Pregnancy is resulted when
·Women release egg. (Ovulation)
·Egg go to fallopian tube.
·Sperm join with egg. (fertilization)
·Egg must attach to uterus.
(Implantation)

Gonorrhea Syphilis AIDS

·Causative agent Neisseria gonorrhoeae. ·Treponema pallidum, mother to fetus, fetus may ·First case in San Francisco, New York, 20 years
that invade the mucosa of repro+Urinary tract. Stillborn or die After birth, ago
·Symptoms: Urethritis, None (20% of cases) to ·Bacteria Penetrate mucasa & aborded skin few ·3m death each year,
abdominal discomfort, vaginal discharge, hours of exposureà red, painless chance at site, ·Caused by HIV that attack on Cd4
abnormal uterine bleeding, Small at Penis (male or) vagina or cervix ·Spread by blood,senor, breast milk, vaginal fluid
urethral symptoms (similar like males) chanceà crusty heal in few weeks. changing needle, immoral sexual behavior,
·Untreated: In male urethral constriction+Inflamamtion ·If untreated pink skin spread at over body fever, tattoing people having STD have move chance
of male duct. In female Pelvic infertility disease, Joint pair latentà gummas,leison of CNS, bones, of AIDS
sterility. blood vessels ·Pregnant women® breast milk.
·Treatment: Penicillin,Tetracyclin, certain ·Treatment by penicillin.
other antibiotics.