9

Resisting Medium

91. In a resisting medium there is some resistance to the

motion of a particle due to the presence of air or any other ftuid in
the medium. This resistance usually varies either with the velocity
or with some power of the velocity.
9-2. Resistance varying as the velocity
(a) Descent. A particle is falling wnder gravity in amnedium
whose resistance varies as the velocity-to find the motion.
If at time t, the particle has fallen through a distance x when
v is the veloçity then the equation of motion is
Vetinae)=0
msmgR,R-mikug-ka
Tesistançe-being
) i-(1-)
where
If | becomes equal to Vthen th¹ acceleration would be zero,
then the motion will be unresisted and the particle will fall with the
constant velocity V, This velocity V is called the terminal
veloclty.
Writing the above equation as
}+i=8 (1)
261
 which whytends Hence -and 262

Integrating V Hence. Initially Initially

is istoThe Also Initially integrating
the called V
same i.e.,
equation taking
the the with
as (3) (l)
terminal
we particle rest
equation (3) TEXT A
as
get shows C-K a G=t=0=x C=0 with
velocity. linear-equation
x=-+ BOOK
ultimately f
(2) We
obtained that ON
get
DYNAMICS
attains as +C1 dt
earlier. becomes in
the and
velocity -integratinggetwe
very
very
V.
large,
That
is 2)

Or
getWe
AMb)a
medin
Hence Integrating
getwe Also Hence Initially Integratinggetwe Also
Ascent.
whose we
(V-v)-v=+Cs log-V (V-y)=g4C lo-V
g the
can equation
resistance take
A
particle the dvV
V-y=Ve Cg=y dt dv of
equation t=0, RESISTING
MEDrUM
varies -log--log V motion
ls -1-)
projected
as
of - y=0 can
the
motion be
velocity-to
upwards written
in
with the as
find form
a
the
velocity
motion.
..(4) 263
Uin (5)
264 A TEXT BOOK GN DYNAMICS

The equation of motion is RESISTING MEDIUM 265

Also we can write
i---kd--(1+) dy
the equation of motion as

dk V+1)
where Or Vdy
the terminal velocity. V+- dx
or
or i=-g dx

Integrating we get Integrating we get

y-Vlog (V+=-x +C
|e +C
Initially t=0,
Initially ý=U, x=0
C= U+V U-V log (V+U)=CA
V+
Hence v -U-Vlog y4U=
Hence |=(U+Ve -v .(1)
Integrating again we get x=log
At the highest point y==0,
V+U8 (U-) ..(5)
therefore the greatest height
x*-U+) -+G VU
.(5)
Initially =0=x
which is the same as (4).
C=(U+n If
th¹n greatest height
Hence

-V+ -(U+) .(2)

At the highest point Ex.1. A heavy particle is projected in a resistance medium, the
resistance varying as the velocity. Ifvi and y are its velocities at any
|=0 U4 V point in its upward and downward paths and t the interval between its
=log ...(3) passage through this point, prove that
Therefore the greatest height
Vit-gt, V-y=(V+) e v
U+V, V
log (U+) where V is the terminal velocity.
Since any point may be taken as the point of projection let at
..(4) a point P, the upward velocity be then the time to the highest
point above P and the greatest height reached above P are given by
terminal
[Link] where whose 9:3. equal where and and 266
the
(a)
The Resistance Further Also Thusgetwe
time
resistance Hencelo
V to In
equation Descent. the and its
greatest downward
since ,
varies varying the
of velocity
motion particle as height the V-y=(V+)eV+h=Ve V-=Ve
as motion TEXT A
the gt=t. distancetime=t1+g.
f=total f=
log
the in at
fosquare
r BOOK
square
is its when
P,
vertical falling upwardfallen ON
of
the of V+ the DYNAMICS
the -# particle
velocity--to
fall under log motion, in log.
velocity.
is its
gravity downward comes
we
find have
to
the in Pi
a motion
motion.
medium if
t,
is be

conditions
initial
from but thatSo
This Also Thus Also Hence Initially Writing
thisas
can when we
be can
written becomes t write

dx C=0 dv
RESISTING
MEDIUM
as C=logX=0=y
=c=c-log V(/=)
very
+1e 2gt =Gtlog
large,
-I1-e
v
-) -)
=tanh tends 2
1+e g*
to
V. -
()
.(2) 21 ..(1) 267
 givenby havewe where [Link] but 263
medium a
AtHence conditions
initial
From The Hence Initially C,
The (b) Integratinggewe
t
is
the equation equation Ascent.
whose zero
highest from
resistance
of of A initial
point, motion motion particle
A
dt (vn+U) 2 TEXT
Ga-tan
$=tan-
-aGy=Ut=0, C=log v=r
x0, i=-g-kv= varies conditions
gx
y0, can isprojected is BOOK
log
-tC=c-log
(v+9 as
also the ON
therefore (+) cosh()log hence coshlog C
be square DYNAMICS
-tan written
upwards
the
-(+) of
as the with
greatest
velocity-to a
velocisy
beight
(3) .(2) .(1) ..(3)
find Uin
is

medium
to and and 07Ex.
andwhose giving and and
the Vv, the
point Ex. The the be
resistance the From
whese time
3. velocity 2.
terminal the greatest
of velocity (3)
resistance A A to
projection particle, and that
particle
velocity, aries height
atv which (4) point
varies vo°=2gx height as U it RESISTING
MED1UM
withprojected =etc. falls
reached h= follows
P=PI-e would
show the Ptan R is
velocity as x squarefrom 2 2g
the given is that be where log log that
upwards
square acquired of rest
y= sec'log
the t
by (4)
VUt of velocityunder the is
if
UVwith
the there
gravity time
velocity, a ;
was if to
Jler velocity nobein
v reach sec
will resistance its a
a
return U velocity
medium it.
..(4) 269
time in
a
 or
and where whentance
270
The show
Also
that u the kyEx.
When If falling,
When If
equation the
is distancewhen
4. Total
time bet h
be
inital v falling, the the
is is A
particle time
of tshe greatest
velocity. time
dy dsmotion velocity. to
moving TEXT A
dskya V= the bheight
-kds -k is
VI+2ku = highest BOOK
"tan. 2gh
Show ina tan-1 log+U
tanh ON
straight point DYNAMICS
that
if
line
v pttanh
is
the is
subject
velocity

at toa
time resis
t

Hence, but i.e.,

Initially Initially
Integrating Also Integrating Initially
Integrating
.:.
Integrating
(1+kus)ds=udt

22tkt 1 1
sV142ku't -C i=-ki ut=s+ku
t=0=s
C=0 as tC-fkusv=1+kus RESISTING
MEDIUM
-ks+C
VI42ku7
+2kt
1

+C

271