Math Solution for Solution
Chemistry
Example: What is the percent by weight of NaCl if 1.75 g of
NaCl is dissolved in 5.85 g of water?
Solution:
Wt. of solute (NaCl) = 1.75 g
Wt. of solvent (H2O) = 5.85 g
∴ Wt. of solution = 1.75 + 5.85 = 7.60 g
Hence concentration of NaCl % by weight
= 23.0
Example: 10g of NaCl is dissolved in 50 g of water. Calculate
percentage (%) of solution?
Moles
When the amount of solute is given in grams and its molecular
weight is MW, it can be converted to moles :
mole = mass / molecular weight
Example: How many grams of N2 are in 0.400 moles N2
Solution: The molecular mass of N2 is 2*14.0 = 28.0 g/mol
g N2 = 0.400 moles N2 * (28.0 g N2 / 1 mol N2) = 11.0 g N2
Math 1: How many grams of N2 are in 0.400 moles N2
Math 2: What weight of HCl is present in 155 ml of a 0.540 M
solution ?
Math 3: What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving
75.5 g of pure KOH in 540 ml of solution?
Math 4: What is the molality of a solution prepared by dissolving
5.0 g of toluene (C7H8) in 225 g of benzene (C6H6)?
Math 5: 5 g of NaCl is dissolved in 1000 g of water. If the density
of the resulting solution is 0.997 g per ml, calculate the molality,
molarity, normality and mole fraction of the solute, assuming
volume of the solution is equal to that of solvent.
Example: What weight of HCl is present in 155mL of a 0.540 M solution?
Solve:
Here,
The concentration of the solution is, M= 0.54OM.
The volume of the solution is V= 155mL =(155/1000)L=0.155L.
We know,
N=M×V
=0.540mol/L×0.155L
=0.0837mol.
Now, 0.0837mol of HCl×36.5g/mol=3.06gm HCl.
[we know 1mol of HCl=36.5g of HCl].
Thus, 3.06gm HCl is present in 155mL of the given solution. (Ans)
Math: Calculate the mole fraction of HCl in a solution of
hydrochloric acid in water, containing 36 per cent HCl by
weight.
Solution:
The solution contains 36 g of HCl and 64 g of H2O
Number of Moles of HCl = (36 g HCl)(1 mole HCl/36.5g HCl)
= 0.99
Number of Moles of H2O = (64 g H2O) )(1 mole H2O /18 g H2O)
=3.55
= 0.218
Problem-3: What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 75.5 g of pure KOH
in 540 mL of solution.
Solution: Molecular Mass,
K=39.1
O=16.0
H=1.0
Molecular mass of KOH= 39.1+16.0+1.0 =56.1
Calculation of the moles of KOH,
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
75.5𝑔 𝐾𝑂𝐻 × = 1.35 𝑚𝑜𝑙
56.1 𝑔
Calculation of the volume in litres,
1 𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒
540𝑚𝐿 × = 0.540 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠
1000 𝑚𝐿
Calculation of molarity,
𝑛
𝑀= 𝑣
1.35 𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 0.540 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒
=2.50 M
Thus the solution is 2.50 M
Problem 5:
What is the molality of a solution prepared by dissolving 5.0 gram of toluene (C7H8) in
225 gram of benzene (C6H6)?
Solution:
Calculation of number of moles of solute:
Molecular mass of toluene = 12×7 + 1×8 =92
No. of moles of 5g of toluene = 5/92=0.0543
Mass of solvent in kg = 225g / 1000 =0.225kg
Molality = No. of moles of solute/ Mass of solvent in kg
=0.0543/0.225
=0.24m
Thus the solution is 0.24m
Problem-6:
5 g of NaCl is dissolved in 1000 g of water. If the density of the resulting solution is 0.997 g
per ml, calculate the molality, molarity, normality and mole fraction of the solute,
assuming volume of the solution is equal to that of solvent.
Solution:
Number of moles of NaCl = (Mass of NaCl / Molecular mass NaCl)
= (5/58.5)=0.0854
By definition,
Molality = {(No of moles of solute×1000) / Molecular mass NaCl}
= {(0.0854×1000) /1000} = 0.0854 m
Volume of the solution = {(Mass of solution in grams) / (Density in gm per mL)
= {(1000+5) / 0.997} = 1.008 litre
Now, Molarity = {(Number of moles of solute) / (Volumeof solution in litres)
= {(0.854) / (1.008)}= 0.0847 M
and
Normality = {(Number of gram equivalents of solute) / (volume of solution in litres)}
= {(0.0854) / (1.008)} [∵ Mol mass of NaCl = Eq. wt. of NaCl] = 0.0847 N
To Calculate Mole Fraction of the Solute
No. of moles of water in 1000 ml ={(1000) / (18)}
=55.5
[∵ 1 ml of Water = 1 g of water] Total number of moles = ( No. of
moles of solute +No. of moles of solvent)
= 0.0854 + 55.5 = 55.5854
Mole fraction of NaCl =0.0854/55.5854 = 1.53 × 10-3
Problem:
1. Calculate the solubility of gaseous oxygen in water at a temperature of 293 K when
the partial pressure exerted by O2 is 1 bar. (Given: kH for O2 34840 [Link]-1)
2. The value of kH for carbon dioxide at a temperature of 293 K is 1.6*103 [Link]-1.
At what partial pressure would the gas have a solubility (in water) of 2*10-5 M?
Problem:
1. Calculate the solubility of gaseous oxygen in water at a temperature of 293 K when
the partial pressure exerted by O2 is 1 bar. (Given: kH for O2 34840 [Link]-1)
As per Henry’s law, P = kH*C
Substituting, kH = 34840 [Link]-1 and P = 1 bar, the equation becomes
C = 1/34840 mol.L-1 = 2.87*10-5 mol/L
Therefore, the solubility of oxygen in water under the given conditions is 2.87*10-5 M.
2. The value of kH for carbon dioxide at a temperature of 293 K is 1.6*103 [Link]-1.
At what partial pressure would the gas have a solubility (in water) of 2*10-5 M?
Substituting the given values kH = 1.6*103 [Link]-1 and C = 2*10-5 M into the Henry’s
law formula:
P = kH*C = (1.6*103 [Link]-1) * (2*10-5 mol.L-1) = 0.032 atm.