Week 01
Equity-recognize individual circumstances
Equality-individuals were given same opportunities.
Children with disabilities who are in school are about 101, 762 (2011-2011).
Based on the Department of Education's data as of March 14, 2022, there were 126,598 learners with
disabilities enrolled in DepEd schools for School Year (SY) 2021-2022, 65% lower than the 360,879
recorded for SY [Link] 5, 2022
Children with disabilities are still combating educational exclusion
97.3 % of them are still unreached.
About 5,916 are mainstreamed in regular classes
Street children are about 246, 000 thousand-
75% are children on the streets;
25% are children of the streets;
70 % are boys
Working children are growing in
number
Number of abused children
is being tracked down
The recent study of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF, 2022) estimates that there are
about 1.6 million Filipino children with disabilities.
REGULAR CURRUCULM- THE CURRICULUM PRESCRIBED TO REGULAR CHILDREN
SPECIAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
Special education shall aim to develop the maximum potential of the child with special needs to enable
him to become self-reliant and shall be geared towards providing him with the opportunities for a full
and happy life.
Modified curriculum- curriculum prescribed to regular children
Inclusive education is a process that involves the active participation of students
EDUCATION POLICIES-The right to education is a basic human right.
Importance of Inclusive Education- ensure all students have an opportunity
Prepares students for the real world.
Alternative Learning System (ASL) which provides non-traditional learning opportunities
Legal Laws
-Batas Pambansa Blg 344--An Act to Enhance the Mobility of Disabled Persons by Requiring Certain
Buildings, Institutions, Establishments and Public Utilities to install Facilities and Other Devices
Republic Act 11106--An Act Declaring The Filipino Sign Language As The National Sign Language Of The
Filipino Deaf And The Official Sign Language Of Government In All Transactions Involving The Deaf, And
Mandating Its Use In Schools, Broadcast Media, And Workplaces
Second, all teachers must be properly trained to teach students with disabilities.
Teachers need to identify the different types of disabilities, understand what they can do, and know how
best to help them learn.
Third, there needs to be more support from the government
Fourth, there needs to be more awareness about inclusive education
What Teachers Need to Know About Inclusive Education
First, teachers must be aware of the different types of disabilities students may have. This
Second, teachers need to be patient and understanding
Finally, teachers need to be open-minded and flexible.
Special education teachers- Disability-specific knowledge/skills
General Education teachers- curriculum specific content knowledge and skills.
COMPONENTS OF SPECIAL –INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
-conceptualization-The legal, philosophical, psychological
-charting new direction
-contextualization- Interplay of diverse factors economic constraints
-core content and career direction
-connection and collaboration
-categorization- classification of learners
WEEK 02
1987 PHILIPPINE EDUCATION- our constitution provides the legal basis of education.
VII ARTICLE 194- RIGHT TO EDUCATION COMES FROM NATIONAL NATURE.
EDUCATIONAL ACT OF 1982 (BATAS PAMBANSA BLG. 232- IT APPLIES TO BOTH PRIVATE IN ALL LEVELS
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IS THE FOUNDATION OF EQUITY AND COLLABORATION"-
BENEFITS OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Why is inclusive education important?
Inclusive systems provide a better quality education for all children and are instrumental in changing
discriminatory attitudes. Schools provide the context for a child’s first relationship with the world outside
their families, enabling the development of social relationships and interactions. Respect and
understanding grow when students of diverse abilities and backgrounds play, socialize, and learn
together.
What are the basic elements of inclusive education?
Use of teaching assistants or specialists: These staff
Inclusive curriculum- locally relevant themes and contributions
Parental involvement-often limited to emails home and occasional parent–teacher conferences
Barriers to Inclusive Education
ATTITUDES- CAUSED BY SOCIETY
PHYSICAL BARRIERS- PHYSICALLY INACCESSIBLE
CURRICULUM- ONE OF THE MAJOR OBTACLES
TEACHERS- MAJOR LIMITATIONS
LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION-LINGUISTIC DIFFICULTIES
SOCIO ECONOMIC FACTORS- INADEQUACIES
SALAMANCA WORLS STATEMENT- INCLUSION AND PARTICIPATION
HISTORY OF SPECIAL EDUCATION- UK IN 1850
WEEK 03
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN OTHER COUNTRIES- 27 EUROPEAN COUUNTRIES
WORKING PARAMETERS- COUNTRIES ARE AT DIFFERENT STATRTING POINTS
ISSUES
-RESOURCES
-ACCESS AND PARTICIPATION
-TEACHER PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
LISBON DECLARATION 2007- SAME OPPORTUNITIES
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT HEARING 2011-
AEC 2015- DEVELOP, PROMOTE, SUPPORT, DEVELOP, ENCOURAGE
APRROACHES PLACEMENT
EXCLUSION
SEGREGATION
INTEGRATION
INCLUSION
WEEK 04
BARRIERS TO LEARNING- AMOUNT OF SLEEP. ALLERGIES, LOW SELF-PERCEPTION, PUBERTY, FEAR, POOR
DIET AND EXERCIE, AMOUNT OF TIME ON ELECTRONICS.
Teacher and understanding human learning- Psychology is the study of the biological, social, and
environmental
THE LEARNING PROCESS-
TAKING INFORMATION- SENSES
PROCESSING INFORMATION-THINKING ANOUT INFORMATION
USING INFORMATON- UNDERSTANDING AND DOING
Psychological Bases- all people have the ability to learn,
JEAN PIAGET- was a psychologist and epistemologist who focused on child development. He developed a
theory of human cognitive development.
Cognitive development- means how children think, explore and figure things out.
SENSORIMOTOR STAGE- REFLEXIVE ACTIONS (BIRTH-2) SENSES, MOTOR ACTIONS, MANIPULATES
PRE-OPERATIONAL STAGE-(2-7 YEARS) UNDERSTAND LANGUAGE BUT NOT LOGIC
CONCRETE OPERATIONALSTAGE (7-12 YEARS) THINK LOGICLALLY ABOUT CONCRETE OBJECTS
FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE- (12-ADULTHOOD)- THINK LOGICALLY ABOUT ABSTRACT
SAMPLE 0F SCHEMAS- SPECIFIC INDIVIDUALS
ACCOMODATION- INTERPRETING NEW EXPERIENCE BY ADAPTING OR CHANGING.
ASSIMILATION- WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF ONE’S SCHEMAS
BOBO DOLL THEORY- CHILDREN LEARN THROUGH OBSERVATION OF ADULT BEHAIVIOR
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY- SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IS LEARNED BY OBSERVING
Albert Bandura- was an influential social cognitive psychologist who was perhaps best known for his
social learning theory, the concept of self-efficacy, and his famous Bobo doll experiments.
PROCESS OF SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
OBSERVATION
ATTENTION
RETENTION
REPRODUCTION
MOTIVATION
WEEK 05
SITUATED LEARNING- COOPERATIVE ACTIVITIES WHERE THEY USE CRITICAL THINKING ANF KINESTHETIC
ABILITIIES
PARTICIPATION- LEARNING BY DOING
LEGITIMATE- ALL PARTIES ACCEPT THE POSITION
PERIPHERAL- LEARNERS FIRSTLY HANG AROUND
SOCIAL- COLLABORATION AND INTERACTION
AUTHENTIC- REAL LIFE
EFFECT
LEARNING INFLUENCES
APPLYING BASIC KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS TO AUTHENTIC CONTEXT
VGOTSKY- cognitive development and learning ability can be guided and mediated by their social
interactions.
Lave argues that learning is situated; that is, as it normally occurs, learning is embedded within activity,
context and culture
Lave and Wenger assert that situated learning “is not an educational form, much less a pedagogical
strategy.
Pedagogical strategy- theory and practice of teaching
ANALYSIS- SYSTEMATIC EXPLORATION
DESIGN- PERFORMANCE GAP
DEVELOPING- INFORMATION GATHERED
IMPLEMENTNG- DELIVERY OF THE PERFORMANCE SOLUTION
EVALUATE- HOW WELL THE PERFORMANCE SOLUTION
EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE- DATA, RECORDS 5%
TACIT KNOWLEDGE- EXPERIENCE 95%
TRADITIONAL LEARNING- FORM ABSRACT