Industrial Safety 18ME753 Module-5 Notes Dr Raghavendra M J
2.1 Explain Acid hoods and handling of acids
An acid hood is a type of fume hood that is specifically designed to handle the hazardous
fumes and vapors that are produced when working with acids. Acid hoods are commonly
found in laboratories and other scientific settings where the handling of acidic substances is
necessary. They are typically made of durable materials such as stainless steel or
polypropylene and are equipped with a fan that helps to ventilate the hood and remove
hazardous fumes from the workspace.
When handling acids, it is important to follow proper safety procedures to minimize the risk
of injury or accidents. Some general guidelines for handling acids safely include:
1. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as goggles, gloves, and a
lab coat, to protect your skin and eyes from contact with the acid.
2. Use an acid hood or other ventilation system to help remove hazardous fumes from
the workspace.
3. Store acids in designated storage areas and label them clearly to prevent accidental
spills or misuse.
4. Always add acid to water, not the other way around, to prevent splashing and to
minimize the risk of a chemical reaction.
5. Dispose of acid waste properly, following all relevant regulations and guidelines.
By following these guidelines and taking appropriate precautions, you can help to ensure the
safe handling of acids in your workplace.
2.2 Explain the safety Precautions using CNG and LPG
Compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are both commonly used
as alternative fuels for vehicles and as fuel for heating and cooking in homes and businesses.
Both types of gas are flammable and can pose a risk of fire or explosion if not handled
properly. Here are some general safety precautions to follow when using CNG or LPG:
1. Install and maintain gas pipelines and appliances according to local codes and
regulations.
2. Store CNG and LPG cylinders in a well-ventilated area away from sources of heat or
ignition.
3. Inspect gas appliances and pipelines regularly for leaks or damage. If you smell gas or
suspect a leak, turn off the gas supply immediately and evacuate the area.
4. Use caution when lighting appliances, and follow the manufacturer's instructions for
lighting and extinguishing pilot lights.
5. Never use appliances that are damaged or have malfunctioned. Have them repaired or
replaced as needed.
6. Keep a fire extinguisher nearby in case of a gas leak or fire.
By following these safety precautions, you can help reduce the risk of accidents or injuries
when using CNG or LPG.
2.3 Interpret the note on Safety Audit and Risk Assessment
A safety audit is a systematic evaluation of an organization's safety policies, procedures, and
practices to identify potential hazards and assess the effectiveness of the organization's safety
management system. The goal of a safety audit is to identify and prioritize risks and hazards,
and to develop recommendations for improving the organization's overall safety performance.
A risk assessment is a process of identifying, evaluating, and mitigating risks and hazards. It
involves identifying the potential hazards or risks associated with a particular activity or
process, analysing the likelihood and severity of those hazards, and implementing controls or
measures to mitigate or eliminate the risks.
In general, a safety audit and risk assessment are both important tools for ensuring the safety
and well-being of employees, customers, and other stakeholders. By identifying and
addressing potential risks and hazards, organizations can improve their safety performance
and reduce the likelihood of accidents or incidents.
3.1 Interpret the working of Eye washers and shower
An eye wash station or eye shower is a safety device that is used to flush hazardous
substances, such as chemicals or particulates, out of the eyes. It typically consists of a faucet
or spray head mounted at eye level and a drain to carry the flushed material away.
An eye wash station is typically activated by pressing a button or pulling a lever, which
releases a stream of water to wash the eyes. The water flow is typically designed to be gentle
enough not to cause further injury to the eyes, but strong enough to effectively remove the
hazardous substance.
A shower is a safety device that is used to wash off hazardous substances that have come into
contact with the body. It consists of a series of nozzles or spray heads mounted at a
convenient height for the user, and a drain to carry the washed-off material away.
To use an eye wash station or shower, the affected person should follow the manufacturer's
instructions or any relevant guidelines. In general, the person should:
1. Remove any contact lenses or other obstructions from the eyes.
2. Flush the eyes thoroughly with the eye wash station or shower for at least 15 minutes.
3. If necessary, seek medical attention after flushing the eyes.
By following these steps, the affected person can help reduce the risk of injury or further
irritation from hazardous substances.
3.2 Describe safety thinking and Accident Investigation
Safety thinking is a proactive approach to safety that involves being mindful of potential
hazards and taking steps to prevent accidents or incidents from occurring. It involves
adopting a mindset of continuously identifying and addressing potential risks, rather than
simply reacting to accidents after they have occurred.
Some key components of safety thinking include:
1. Identifying and evaluating potential hazards: This involves looking for potential risks
and hazards in the workplace and assessing their likelihood and severity.
2. Implementing controls and measures: Once potential hazards have been identified, it
is important to implement controls or measures to mitigate or eliminate the risks. This
could involve changes to processes or procedures, training programs, or the use of
protective equipment.
3. Engaging employees in safety efforts: Encouraging all employees to be actively
involved in safety efforts helps to create a culture of safety in the organization. This
could involve training programs, safety committees, or other initiatives that encourage
employees to be proactive in identifying and addressing potential hazards.
Accident investigation is a process of identifying the root causes of an accident or incident
and determining the steps that can be taken to prevent similar incidents from occurring in the
future. It typically involves a thorough examination of the circumstances surrounding the
accident, including the actions of individuals involved, the equipment and materials being
used, and any other relevant factors.
The goal of an accident investigation is to identify the underlying causes of the accident and
develop recommendations for preventing similar incidents from occurring in the future. This
could involve changes to processes or procedures, training programs, or the use of protective
equipment.
3.3 List the inspection criteria check list for piping in an LPG installation.
Here are some potential inspection criteria for piping in an LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)
installation:
1. Pipe material: The pipe material should be appropriate for the type of gas being
transported and the operating conditions of the installation.
2. Pipe size: The pipe size should be sufficient to handle the flow rate and pressure of
the gas being transported.
3. Pipe condition: The pipe should be free of corrosion, cracks, or other damage that
could compromise its integrity.
4. Pipe supports: Pipe supports should be in good condition and properly secured to
ensure the stability of the piping system.
5. Pipe connections: Pipe connections should be tight and secure, with no leaks or signs
of damage.
6. Pipe labeling: Pipes should be clearly labeled to identify the type and flow direction
of the gas being transported.
7. Pipe routing: Pipes should be routed in a safe and logical manner, with appropriate
clearance from other equipment and structures.
8. Pipe insulation: Pipes should be properly insulated to maintain the temperature of the
gas and prevent the formation of ice or other hazards.
9. Pipe valves: Valves should be in good condition and properly maintained to ensure
that they can be opened and closed as needed.
By following these inspection criteria, you can help ensure the safe and reliable operation of
the LPG piping system
4.1 Discuss the safety precautions for vehicular use of CNG
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a popular alternative fuel for vehicles, as it is generally
cheaper and cleaner burning than gasoline or diesel. However, there are a number of safety
precautions that should be followed when using CNG as a vehicle fuel:
1. Install CNG tanks and fuel systems according to manufacturer's instructions and local
codes and regulations.
2. Regularly inspect CNG tanks and fuel systems for damage or leaks. If you smell gas
or suspect a leak, turn off the gas supply immediately and evacuate the area.
3. Use caution when filling CNG tanks, as the gas is highly flammable. Do not fill the
tank while smoking or using any open flame.
4. Keep a fire extinguisher in the vehicle in case of a gas leak or fire.
5. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for starting and operating the vehicle's CNG
system.
6. Do not tamper with or modify the CNG system in any way.
By following these safety precautions, you can help ensure the safe and reliable operation of
a vehicle powered by CNG.
4.2 Discuss the objectives for safety, health and environment protection of the company.
The objectives for safety, health, and environment (SHE) protection in a company can vary
depending on the nature of the business and the specific risks and hazards present in the
workplace. However, there are some general objectives that are common to many
organizations:
1. To protect the health and well-being of employees, contractors, and other
stakeholders: This includes measures to prevent injuries, illnesses, and other health-
related issues that could arise from working conditions or exposure to hazardous
substances.
2. To minimize the impact of the company's activities on the environment: This could
involve reducing waste, conserving natural resources, and minimizing emissions and
other environmental impacts.
3. To comply with relevant laws and regulations: This includes following all applicable
safety, health, and environmental regulations and guidelines.
4. To improve the company's overall safety, health, and environmental performance:
This may involve implementing new policies and procedures, training programs, or
other initiatives to reduce risks and improve overall performance.
By focusing on these objectives, a company can create a safer and healthier work
environment, and minimize its impact on the environment.
4.3 List the various questions to be asked during an accident investigation.
Accident investigation is a process of identifying the root causes of an accident or incident
and determining the steps that can be taken to prevent similar incidents from occurring in the
future. When conducting an accident investigation, it is important to ask a variety of
questions to gather as much information as possible about the circumstances leading up to the
accident. Here are some potential questions that may be asked during an accident
investigation:
1. What was the victim doing at the time of the accident?
2. What equipment or tools were being used?
3. Were there any unusual or unexpected events leading up to the accident?
4. Were there any safety procedures or protocols in place that were not followed?
5. Were there any hazards or risks that were not identified or addressed?
6. Were there any equipment or machinery malfunctions or failures?
7. Were there any training or experience issues that may have contributed to the
accident?
8. Were there any environmental factors that may have played a role in the accident?
By asking these and other relevant questions, the investigation team can gather the
information needed to identify the root causes of the accident and develop recommendations
for preventing similar incidents from occurring in the future.