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M.A. Sociology Semester-III Course Guide

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67 views7 pages

M.A. Sociology Semester-III Course Guide

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3rd semester

18.12.2024
M.A. (Sociology)
Semester-III
Compulsory Paper – 11
Contemporary Sociological Theories
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 80
Internal Assessment: 20
Time : 3 Hours
Note:
a) Nine question would be set in all.
b) Question [Link] shall be based on the entire syllabus and would be compulsory. It
would contain eight short answer questions of two marks each.
c) There would be two questions (16 marks each) from each of the four units.
d) The candidate would be required to attempt four questions (one compulsory and other
four questions selecting one from each unit).

Unit – I

Levels of Theorisation in Sociology : Its origin and Contemporary Status ; Merton’s Scheme of
Theorization ; Conflict Approach: Daherendorf’s Class and Class Conflict and Coser’s Functions of Social
Conflict.

Unit – II

Phenomenological and Ethnomethodological Theory : Alfred Shutz’s, Concept of Life World ; Peter
Berger and Luckmann’s Social Construction of Reality ; Garfinkel’s Ethnomethodology and Goffman’s
Dramaturgical Approach.

Unit – III

Neo-Functional and Neo-Marxist Theory: J. Alexander’s Neo-Functional Approach ; Habermas’s


Legitimation Theory ; Louis Althusser’s idea of Marxist structuralism and Gramsci’s Notion of Hegemony.

Unit – IV

Structural and Post Modernist Theory : Gidden’s Structuration Theory; Derrida’s Deconstructionist
Approach and Foucault’s Post Modernist Theory.

Readings :

Abraham, [Link] (2001) : Modern Sociological Theory : An Introduction, Kolkata, Oxford


University Press.

Aron, Raymond (1965), Main Currents in Sociological Thought, Vol.-I & II, New York ; Basic Books.

Bottomore, Tom & Nisbet, Robert (2004), A History of Sociological Analysis, Jaipur, Rawat Publications.

Cohen. Percy S. (1968), Modern Social Theory, New York, Basic Books.

Giddens, Anthony (1996), Capitalism & Modern Social Theory Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

28
Lemert, Charles (2004), Social Theory : The Multicultural and classic readings, Jaipur, Rawat
Publications.

Polity, (1994), The Polity Reader in Social Theory, Cambridge, Polity Press.

Ritzer George (2000), Modern Sociological Theory, New York, Mc Graw-Hill.

Turner, Jonathan H. (2001), The Structure of Social Theory, Jaipur, Rawat Publications.

Ritzer, George (2000), Classical Sociological Theory, New York Mcgraw –Hill Higher Education.

Zeitlin, Irving M, (2001), Rethinking Sociology : A Critique of Contemporary Theory, Jaipur, Rawat
Publications.

M.A.(Sociology) 20.12.2024
Type text here
Semester-III
Compulsory Paper – 12
Rural Sociology
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 80
Internal Assessment: 20
Time : 3 Hours
Note:
a) Nine question would be set in all.
b) Question [Link] shall be based on the entire syllabus and would be compulsory. It
would contain eight short answer questions of two marks each.
c) There would be two questions (16 marks each) from each of the four units.
d) The candidate would be required to attempt four questions (one compulsory and other
four questions selecting one from each unit).

Unit – I

Introduction to Rural Sociology: Its origin, Nature and Subject Matter, Importance of the Study of Rural
Sociology, Rural-Urban Differences, Rurbanism, Nature of Village Studies in India.

Unit – II
Rural Social Structure: Caste and Class in Rural Set up, Inter Caste Relations and Jajmani System, Trends
of Change in Rural Society, Agrarian Class Structure, Rural Family and Changing pattern.

Unit – III
Rural Economy: Land Tenure, Land Reforms, Green Revolution and its Impact, Bonded and Migrant
Labourers

Unit – IV
Rural Political Structure: Traditional Caste Panchayats; New Panchayati Raj and Empowerment of Peoples;
Emerging pattern of Rural Leadership; Rural Leadership and Factionalism.

Readings :
Ahlawat, S.R. (1988), Green Revolution and Agriculture Labour, Delhi : Deep and Deep Publication.

Beteille, A. (1974), Studies in Agrarian Social Structure, Delhi: Oxford University Press.

29
Beteille, A. (1992), Essays in Comparative Sociology, Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Chauhan S.K.(1980), Caste Status and Power, Classical Publishers, New Delhi.

Desai, A.R. (1969), Rural Sociology in India, Bombay : Popular Prakashan.

Desai, A.R. (1979), Peasant Struggle in India, Bombay : Oxford University, Press.

Darling, M.L. (1978), Punjab Peasant in Prosperity and Debt, Delhi, Rana Partap Bagh.

Dube, S.C.(1955), Indian Village, London : Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Doshi, S.L. and [Link] (1999), Rural Sociology, Jaipur : Rawat Publication.

Frankle, Francine (1971), India’s Green Revolution : Economic Gains and Political Costs, Princeton
Univiersity Press.

Jodhka, S.S. (1995), Debt, Dependence and Agrarian Change, Jaipur : Rawat Publication.

Sabharwal, Desraj (2002), New Technology and Agrarian Change, Delhi : Sanjay Publication.

Shanin, Theodor (1971), Peasants and Peasant Society, London : Penguin Book.

Sharma, K.L. (1997), Rural Society in India, Jaipur : Rawat Publication.

Thorner, Danial and Alice Thorner (1962), Land and Labour in India, Bombay : Asia Publication.

Wiser, William H. (1936), The Hindu Jajmani System, Lucknow Publishing House, Lucknow.

M.A.(Sociology)
Semester-III
31.12.2024
Compulsory Paper – 13
Sociology of Kinship, Marriage & Family

Maximum Marks: 100


Theory: 80
Internal Assessment: 20
Time : 3 Hours

Note:
a) Nine question would be set in all.
b) Question [Link] shall be based on the entire syllabus and would be compulsory. It
would contain eight short answer questions of two marks each.
c) There would be two questions (16 marks each) from each of the four units.
d) The candidate would be required to attempt four questions (one compulsory and other
four questions selecting one from each unit).

Unit – I

Basic Terms and Concepts: kinship-as an organizing principle; Lineage, Clan, Phratry, Moitey; Marriage:
Alliance Theory; Symmetrical & Asymmetrical exchange; Family and Rules of Residence: Virilocal,
Uxorilocal, Neolocal and Natolocal Residence

30
Unit – II

Meaning of Kinship; Kinship Terminology; Descent, Classification of Descent; Types of Kinship:


(Consanguine and Affinal), Kinship Usuages: Incest, Incest Taboo

Unit-III
Marriage: Meaning, Forms of Marriage; Patterns of Selection of Spouse, Marriage rites; Age at Marriage;
Bride Price; Practice of Dowry; Divorce and Widow Remarriage; Emerging forms of Marriage: Living
Relationship, Contract Marriage.

Unit-IV
Family: Meaning, Characteristics of family; distinction between family and household; Origin of family;
types and Functions of Family; Emerging forms of family: single parent family, dual earner family; crisis in
family.

Readings:
Bernard, Jessie (1972), The Future of Marriage, New York: World.

Clayton, Richard R. (1979), The Family, Marriage and Social Change, Lexinton: Mars.

Dube, Leela (1974), Sociology of Kinship: An Analytical Survey and Literature, Bombay: Popular
Prakashan.

Goode, Willaim J. (1964), The Family, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.

Gore, M.S. (1968), Urbanization and Family Change in India, Bombay: Popular Prakashan.

Haralambos, M. (1989), Sociology: Themes and Perspectives, New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Jain, Shobita (2002), Bharat Me Parivar, Vivah or Natedari (in Hindi), New Delhi: Rawat Publications.

Kapadia, K.M. (1958), Marriage and Family in India, Bombay: Oxford University Press.

Karve, Irawati (1968), Kinship Organization in India, Bombay: Asia Publishing House.

Kolenda, P. (1987), Regional Differences in Family Structure in India, Jaipur: Rawat Publications.

Leslie, Gerald, Richard [Link] and Benjamin [Link] (1980), Introductory Sociology, New York:
Oxford University Press.

MacIver, R.M. and Charles [Link] (1985), Society: An Introductory Analysis, New Delhi: Macmillan
India Limited.

Madan, T.N. (1962), “The Hindu Joint Family”, Man, 62 (145)88.

Mayer, A.C. (1960), Caste and Kinship in Central India, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Shah, A.M. (1973), The Household Dimensions of Family in India, New Delhi: Orient Longman.

Uberoi, Patricia (ed.) (1993), Family, Kinship and Marriage in India, New Delhi: Oxford University
Press.

31
M.A.(Sociology) 23.12.2024
Semester-III
Compulsory Paper – 14
Sociology of Population Studies
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 80
Internal Assessment: 20
Time : 3 Hours

Note:
a) Nine question would be set in all.
b) Question [Link] shall be based on the entire syllabus and would be compulsory. It
would contain eight short answer questions of two marks each.
c) There would be two questions (16 marks each) from each of the four units.
d) The candidate would be required to attempt four questions (one compulsory and other
four questions selecting one from each unit).

Unit – I
Population Data: Importance of Population Studies. Sources of Population Data: Census, Civil
Registration, Population Register. Sample Surveys and National Family and Health Surveys (NFHS),

Unit – II

Population Theories: Biological, Malthusian, Marxian and Demographic Transition Theory.

Unit – III

Population Size, Distribution and Characteristics of India’s Population: Growth of Indian Population
since 1901, Age Structure, Sex Ratio, Literacy Levels, Rural – Urban Composition, Economic
Participation and Religion.

Unit – IV

Population Dynamics and control: Fertility, Mortality and Migration: Measurement Determinants and
Consequences. Family Planning Programme in India.

Readings:
Agarwal, S.N. (1977) India’s Population Problems, New Delhi:
Ahlawat, Neerja(2009) “Missing Brides in Rural Haryana: A Study of Adverse Sex Ratio, Poverty and
Addiction” Social Change, March 2009, New Delhi. Pg 46-63
Ahlawat, Neerja (2013) “Dispensable Daughters and Indispensable Sons: Discrete Family Choices” Social
Change, 43(3) pg 365-376.

Banerjee, D(1971), Family Planning in India: A Critique, New Delhi : People’s Publishing House.

Bhende, Asha and Tara Kanitkar (1995), Principles of Population, Delhi: Himalaya Publishing House.

Bogue, Donald J. (1969) The Principles of Demography, N.Y.: John Wiley.

Bose, Ashish (1996) India’s Basic Demographic Statistics, New Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation.

Census of India (2011).New Delhi: Govt. of India.

Dubey, Surendra Nath (2001). Population of India, Delhi: Authors Press.

32
Malthus, T.R. (1986). An Essay on the Principle of Population, London: William Pickering.

National Family and Health Survey (NFHS) (2005-2006) Bombay: IIPS.

Pachauri, Saroj (1999), Implementing a Reproductive Health in India: The Beginning, New Delhi:
Population Council.

Premi, M.K. (1991) India’s Population: Heading Towards Billion, Delhi: B.R Publications.

Premi, M.K. (2003) Social Demography: A Systematic Exposition, Delhi: Jawahar Publisher.

Srinivasan, K. (1996) Population Policy and Reproductive Health, New Delhi: Hindustan Publishing
Corporation.

OPTIONAL PAPERS
M.A.(Sociology) 28.12.2024
Semester-III
Optional Paper – 15.1
Sociology of Mass Communication and Popular Culture
Maximum Marks: 100
Theory: 80
Internal Assessment: 20
Time : 3 Hours

Note:
a) Nine question would be set in all.
b) Question [Link] shall be based on the entire syllabus and would be compulsory. It
would contain eight short answer questions of two marks each.
c) There would be two questions (16 marks each) from each of the four units.
d) The candidate would be required to attempt four questions (one compulsory and other
four questions selecting one from each unit).

Unit – I

Concepts : Communication – Types and Components, Mass Communication – Meaning and Importance,
Mass Media - Characteristics and functions, Popular Culture, Mass Culture and Folk Culture.

Unit – II

Theoretical Approaches: The medium as the message, Little Tradition and Great Traditions;
universalization and parochilization; critical theory

Unit – III

Global Media : Role of Global Media in the Production of Global Culture. Global Culture and Indian
Society. Impact of Global Media Culture on Youth in Respect of values. Consumerism, Food Preferences,
Fashions and Entertainments.

Unit – IV

Media and Policy: Television and Popular Culture : Satellite Television and its impact on Youth Culture,
Social significance and the impact of Popular culture reflected in Festivals, Pilgrimages and Films,
commercialization of Folk culture.

33
Readings:

Appadurai, Arjun (1997), Modernity at large – Cultural Dimension of Globalization, New Delhi : Oxford
University Press.

Blumber, J.G. and E. Katz (1974). Mass Communication, London: Sage Publications

Bronsius, C. and M. Butcher 1999).(ed.) Image Journey – Audio Visual Media and Cultural Change in
India, Delhi: Sage Publications.

Chauhan, Kanwar (2001), Television and Social Transformation, New Delhi :Sarup and Sons.

Chauhan, Kanwar (2003), Television and Teenagers – An Emerging Agent of Socialization, New Delhi :
Sarup and sons.

Cursan, J. and M. Gureviteh (ed.) (1991), Mass Media and Society, London : Edward Arnold.

Johnson, Kirk (2000), Television and Social Change in Rural India, London: Sage Publications.

Kumar, Kewal (1991), Mass Communication, Bombay : Jaiko.

Lerner, Daniel (1958). The Passing of Traditional Society, New York : Free Press.

Mcquail, Dennis (1972). (ed.), Sociology of Mass Communication, London : Penguins.

Mitra, A. (1993) Television and Popular Culture, Delhi :Sage Publications.

Redfield, Robert (1956). The Little Community and Peasant Society and Culture, Chicago : Chicago
Press.

Robertson, R. (1992). Globalization, Social Theory and Global Culture, London: Sage Publications

Schramn, Wilbur (1973), Mass Media and National Development, New York :Harper and Raw.

Singh, Yogendera(2000), Cultural Change in India, Jaipur : Rawat Publications.

Singhal, A. and E.M. Rogers (2000), India’s Communication Revolution, London: Sage Publications.

Snow, R.P. (1983). Crating Media Culture, London: Sage Publications.

34

Common questions

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Dahrendorf's conflict theory emphasizes the inherent conflict of interest between different class structures within society and posits that social change is driven by these conflicts, particularly focusing on authority and power dynamics . In contrast, Coser's functions of social conflict suggest that while conflict can serve to disrupt social order, it also plays a role in strengthening social structures by helping to maintain group boundaries and identities, fostering social cohesion through conflict resolution mechanisms .

To explain the role of global media in shaping cultural norms among Indian youths, various theoretical approaches can be utilized. Cultural imperialism theory suggests that global media inculcates Western values and lifestyles, overshadowing local cultures . The 'medium is the message' approach by McLuhan emphasizes the role of the medium itself in shaping the impact, implying that television and internet inherently reshape attention and thought processes regardless of content . Critical theory critiques both overt and covert capitalist influences embedded in media content that promote consumerist values . Together, these approaches highlight how global media serves as a conduit for cultural homogenization, influencing identity and societal values .

Rural-urban differences in India significantly shape the structure and dynamics of caste and class due to variations in economic opportunities, social mobility, and traditional stratifications . In rural areas, the caste system often remains rigid with distinct roles and societal norms reinforced through systems like the Jajmani system, whereas urbanization tends to blur these distinctions as socio-economic factors play a larger role in determining social hierarchy, promoting class-based over caste-based stratifications . This dichotomy affects everything from social mobility, access to education, and economic empowerment to cultural transformations and identity politics .

Gramsci's notion of hegemony contributes to neo-Marxist theory by explaining how ruling classes maintain power not just through coercion, but through cultural domination whereby their worldview becomes the normative cultural ideology accepted by all classes . This concept elucidates the subtle means through which societal consent is manufactured and maintained, making it crucial for understanding social stability and the persistence of inequalities despite visible democratic and egalitarian advancements .

The census, as a source of population data in India, offers comprehensive coverage and granularity, capturing a wide array of demographic, socio-economic, and cultural indicators consistently across time . Its merits include the standardization of data collection and its utility for policy-making and resource allocation . However, the limitations involve large-scale logistic challenges, underreporting in certain regions, influence of political and social biases, as well as the decadal frequency, which cannot capture rapid demographic changes or temporal trends between censuses . The time gap also limits its effectiveness in addressing immediate population dynamics such as migration patterns .

The Green Revolution resulted in increased agricultural productivity, leading to significant changes in the agrarian class structure . It intensified income disparities, as wealthier landowners benefitted from access to modern technology and infrastructure, while small farmers, lacking resources, struggled to compete, exacerbating class divisions . Social relations shifted as new wealth patterns destabilized traditional power hierarchies, often leading to increased rural unemployment and migration, thereby altering the fabric of rural communities .

Neo-liberal policies have impacted rural panchayat systems by encouraging decentralization and emphasizing self-governance to enhance efficiency and accountability in local governance . However, these policies often come with increased privatization and reduced state support, leading to challenges in resource allocation and equity among diverse socioeconomic groups . Furthermore, neo-liberalism can exacerbate conflicts between traditional authority and emerging neo-local leadership, often destabilizing traditional governance structures and sometimes hampering genuine empowerment of marginalized communities .

Giddens' structuration theory posits that agency and structure are mutually constitutive; individuals actively shape society through their actions, which in turn are shaped by and reliant on the existing structures . Foucault's post-modernist theory, however, focuses more on the pervasive influence of power within social frameworks, suggesting that societal norms and truths are constructed through these power structures. While Giddens focuses on duality where both elements are equally influential, Foucault suggests a more deterministic view of structures embedded with power that precondition choices and individual agency .

India's demographic trends, such as a high youth population, urbanization, and changes in fertility and mortality rates, could lead to a demographic dividend if leveraged by adequate employment opportunities and educational enhancements . However, if unaddressed, these trends risk escalating unemployment, resource strain in urban areas, and further socio-economic disparities . An increasing sex ratio imbalance may also exacerbate social issues such as gender inequality and decreased marriage prospects, affecting family structures and economic stability . The government must strategically invest in healthcare, education, and infrastructure to channel these demographics into sustainable development .

Schutz's 'Life World' concept refers to the realm of immediate experiences and everyday life where social realities are constructed and maintained through interpersonal interactions . This impacts sociological analysis by emphasizing understanding social actions from the actors' perspectives, focusing on meanings and interpretations that individuals attach to their experiences, thus facilitating a deeper comprehension of subjective human behavior and the social scaffolding surrounding it .

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