[Link] is fimbria pilli ? Tell its types and functions.

What are the essential

components of bacterial cell?

[Link] are the phases of growth cycle? Explain the significance of log phase of growth curve.

[Link] you can sterilize the following substances ?

(a) Culture media
(b) Operation theatre
(c) Sharp cutting instruments
(d)Water
(e) Disposable plastic syringe.

[Link] normal flora. What are the harmful and beneficial effects of normal flora?

[Link] do you mean by conjugation, transduction and transformation? What are propertiés of
ideal chemotherapeutic agent?

[Link] media. A single medium can be selective, indicator and differential one - justify with
example.

[Link] examples of antibiotics that act by alteration of target structure of 30-S ribosome. Name
3 bacteria producing B-lactamase.

[Link] is the composition of LPS. Explain the mechanism of endotoxic shock. Name 3
endotoxin producing bacteria.
[Link] normal flora. Name some normal flora of skin and mouth. Name 4 essential structures
of bacteria.

[Link] is pastuerization? Name the methods of pasteurization. Name 5 absolute process of

sterilization.

[Link] are the growth requirements of bacteria? Discuss the phase of growth curve. Where
antibiotics are most sensitive.

[Link] are the differences between viruses and bacteria? What are the main differences
between sterilization and disinfection?

[Link] some methods of sterilization where spores can be killed. Enumerate the principles of
autoclave.

[Link] the organisms that are transmitted through placenta. Name 3 exotoxin producing
bacteria. What are the differences between gram positive & gram
negative bacterial cell wall?

15. Name some drugs that act by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.
What is toxin and toxoid? What is plasmid?
16. State two advantages of solid media over liquid media. Mention the concentration of agar in
solid and semisolid media. Give examples of two liquid media.

17. Define antibiotics. Give examples of antibiotics that act by altering target structure of 50-S
ribosome. Name some bacteria producing B- lactamase.

18. Name 4 enterotoxin producing bacteria.. What are the virulence factors of bacteria? What
are the functions of plasmid?

19. Name the physical methods that kill spores. How IV fluid is sterilized? Mention the use of
gluteraldehyde, formaldehyde and ethylene oxide.

20. What is plasmid? Tell the types and functions of plasmid. What is the basic structure of cell
membrane? Mention its functions.

21. Namé some bacteria that require more СО2 than normal for their growth? What are the
phases of growth cycle?

22. Define sterilization. How can you sterilize the following substances?
(A) Iv nuid
(B) Catheter
(C) Milk
(D) Powder
(E) Test tube
23. What do you mean by selective toxicity? Name the drugs acting on cell wall of bacteria.
Enumerate mechanism of action of antimicrobial drug.

24. Define media. MacConkey agar media is a selective and indicator media - explain it.

25. Why anaerobic bacteria can't grow in presence of 02? Explain the significance of log phase
of growth curve.

26. What are the differences between disinfectants and antiseptics? Tell the advantages of
moist heat over dry heat.

27. What do you mean by bacterial virulence? Enumerate 5 enzymes and toxins responsible for
bacterial virulence. Enumerate the mechanisms of drug resistance.

28. Name some antibiotics that act on cell wall. Name the non-essential structures of cell wall.
Tell the function of cell wall.

29. What do you mean by bactericidal and bacterostatic drug with examples? Why antimicrobial
drugs selectively kill or inhibit growth of bacteria?

30. Define sterilization. Name 4 methods of killing spores. " Pasteurization is not a process of
sterilization"- justify your answer.
31. Name some solidifying agents used in media. Why agar is called the ideal solidifying agent?
What are the differences between solid and liquid media?

32. What are the differences between prokaryotes & eukaryotes? Name some capsulated
bacteria. Tell the function of capsule.

33. What is selective media? Name two selective media used in laboratory mentioning their
selective ingredients. What are the differences between bactéricidal and bacteriostatic
antibiotic?

34. Classify bacteria according to 02 requirements. Why anaerobic bacteria can't grow in
presence of 02?

35. What is tyndallization? What are the differences between disinfectants and antiseptics?
Name the methods by which surgical instruments can be sterilized. What chemicals are used for
killing spores.

36. Enumerate some obligate intracellular bacteria & facultative bacteria. Name the bacteria that
could not be cultured in artificial media.

37. Whatis flagella? Mention different flagellar arrangement with examples.

38. Name 5 absolute process of sterilization. Autoclaving is a more efficient method of

sterilization in comparison to hot air oven justify the statement.
39. What is selective toxicity? Explain the mechanism of action of different antibiotics.
40. Define normal flora. What are the harmful & beneficial effects of normal flora? Name some
normal flora of colon & vagina.

41. Deline periplasmic space. Mention its importance. Enumerate the functions of capsule with
examples.

42. Name some solid media. Name 3 substances which are used to make a media selective.
Name 2 indicator media mentioning the substances which act as indicators.

43. Detine sterilization. Mention the time, temperature & pressure of autoclave. Name some
substances that are sterilised by autoclave.

44. What are the phases of growth curve? Explain the significance of log phase of growth curve.

45. What do you mean by conjugation, transduction and transformation? What are the
properties of ideal chemotherapeutic agents?

46. What is spore? Why spore is highly resistant to physical & chemical agents?
Name some spore forming bacteria.
47. What are the growth requirements of bacteria? Classify bacteria according to basis of
temperature.

48. Define generation time. Mention the generation time of [Link], [Link] & [Link].
What are the phases of growth curve?

49. Name 3 chemical agents that can kill spores. What is the principle of tyndalization.

50. Name some endotoxin producing bacteria. What are the biological effects of endotoxin.

51. What ate the differences between flagella & funbria? What do you mean by sporulation and
germination? Enumerate the medical importance of spores.