LECTURE 10
Chemical Equilibrium
Course description
• Chemical Equilibrium,
• Le Chateliar’ s principle,
• solubility product; Distribution law.
• Reaction Rates:
• Factors affecting reaction rates,
• order of reactions and rate laws.
Learning goals and key skills:
• Understand what is meant by chemical equilibrium and how it relates to reaction rates
• Write the equilibrium-constant expression for any reaction
• Relate Kc and Kp
• Relate the magnitude of an equilibrium constant to the relative amounts of reactants
and
products present in an equilibrium mixture.
• Manipulate the equilibrium constant to reflect changes in the chemical equation
• Write the equilibrium-constant expression for a heterogeneous reaction
• Calculate an equilibrium constant from concentration measurements
• Predict the direction of a reaction given the equilibrium constant and concentrations
of
reactants and products
• Calculate equilibrium concentrations given the equilibrium constant and all but one
equilibrium concentration
• Calculate equilibrium concentrations given the equilibrium constant and the starting
concentrations
• Understand how changing the concentrations, volume, or temperature of a system at
equilibrium affects the equilibrium position.
Concepts of chemical equilibrium
Many chemical reactions do not go to completion but
instead attain a state of chemical equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium: A state in which the rates of
the forward and reverse reactions are equal
and the concentrations of the reactants and products
remain constant.
Le Châtelier’s Principle