Assignment 2 - Solutions

BMEG2410 Complex Analysis and Differential Equations for Engineers

Q1. (20 points) Find the value of the derivative of

−z 3 +iz
• (10 points) f (z) = 3−z at z = 1 + i.

• (10 points) f (z) = (3z 3 − 3iz 2 )3 at z = 1.

Simplify the result, so that Re(z) and Im(z) are obtainable from x + iy.
Hint: Rules of real functions calculus also apply to complex functions.

Solution: For the first function, the derivative is obtained with the quotient rule as

(−3z 2 + i)(3 − z) − [(−1)(−z 3 + iz)] −9z 2 + 3i + 3z 3 − iz + iz − z 3 2z 3 − 9z 2 + 3i

f ′ (z) = = =
(3 − z)2 (3 − z)2 (3 − z)2
2(2i − 2) − 18i + 3i 4i − 4 − 15i −4 − 11i (−4 − 11i)(3 + 4i)
f ′ (1 + i) = = = =
(3 − (1 + i))2 3 − 4i 3 − 4i 25
−12 − 16i − 33i + 44 32 − 49i
= =
25 25
For the second function, the chain rule can be utilized.

f ′ (z) = 3(3z 3 − 3iz 2 )2 (9z 2 − 6iz)

f ′ (1) = 3(3 − 3i)2 (9 − 6i) = (27 − 18i)(9 − 9 − 18i) = −324 − 486i

Q2. (20 points) Are the following functions analytic? (Hint: You do not need to
proof the continuity of the partial derivatives.)

• (10 points) f (z) = zez .

• (10 points) f (z) = Re(iz 2 ) + 2z

Hint: For z = x + iy, Re(z) = x.

1
 Solution: For the first function, the partial derivatives are obtained as

f (x + iy) = (x + iy)ex+iy = (x + iy)ex eiy = (x + iy)ex (cos(y) + i sin(y))

= xex cos(y) + iyex cos(y) + ixex sin(y) − yex sin(y)
→ u(x, y) = xex cos(y) − yex sin(y), v(x, y) = yex cos(y) + xex sin(y)
∂u ∂u
= ex cos(y) + xex cos(y) − yex sin(y), = −xex sin(y) − ex sin(y) − yex cos(y)
∂x ∂y
∂v ∂v
= yex cos(y) + ex sin(y) + xex sin(y), = ex cos(y) − yex sin(y) + xex cos(y)
∂x ∂y
∂u ∂v ∂u ∂v
→ = , =−
∂x ∂y ∂y ∂x
So the first function is analytic, since the Cauchy-Riemann equations hold and the
partial derivatives are all continuous. For the second function, the partial derivatives
are

f (z) = Re(iz 2 ) + 2z
→ Re(iz 2 ) = Re(i[x2 − y 2 + 2ixy]) = −2xy
→ f (x + iy) = 2x + 2iy − 2xy, u(x, y) = 2x − 2xy, v(x, y) = 2y
∂u ∂u
= 2 − 2y, = −2x
∂x ∂y
∂v ∂v
= 0, =2
∂x ∂y
∂u ∂v ∂u ∂v
→ ̸= , ̸= −
∂x ∂y ∂y ∂x
Hence, the second function is not analytic.
Q3. (20 points) Are the following functions harmonic? If yes, find a corresponding
analytic function f (z) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y).

• (10 points) u(x, y) = cos(ix) sin(y).

• (10 points) v(x, y) = 6x2 y 2 .

Solution: To check if a function is harmonic, the second order partial derivatives

with respect to x and y are taken.

∂2u ∂2u
= cos(ix) sin(y), = − cos(ix) sin(y)
∂x2 ∂y 2
→∇2 u = uxx + uyy = cos(ix) sin(y) − cos(ix) sin(y) = 0

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 So the first function is harmonic. To find a harmonic conjugate function v(x, y), we
will use the Cauchy-Riemann equations. We integrate ∂u
∂x

∂u ∂v
= −i sin(ix) sin(y) =
∂x ∂y
∂v
Z Z
v(x, y) = dy = −i sin(ix) sin(y)dy = i sin(ix) cos(y) + g(x),
∂y
where g(x) is a constant, that is independent of y, but may depend on x. To find the
constant, we will compare its first partial derivative after x, which is − cos(ix) cos(y) +
g ′ (x) with − ∂u
∂y = − cos(ix) cos(y)

∂v ∂u !
=− = − cos(ix) cos(y) + g ′ (x) = − cos(ix) cos(y)
∂x ∂y
Z
→ g(x) = 0dx = C
→ v(x, y) = i sin(ix) cos(y) + C

So f (z) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y) = cos(ix) sin(y) − sin(ix) cos(y) + iC = −i sinh(z) + iC,

where C is a constant. For the second function, analogously we check if the Laplace
equation is fulfilled first

∂2v 2
2 ∂ v
= 12y , = 12x2
∂x2 ∂y 2
→ ∇2 v = vxx + vyy = 12y 2 + 12x2 ̸= 0

So the second function is not harmonic.

Q4. (20 points) Write z in exponential form, i.e. z = reiθ for the following values of
z.
√
• (10 points) z = 2 + 2i

• (10 points) z = 23 i

Solution: To obtain the polar form, we will calculate the radius and θ.

√ 2 √
q q
r= x2 + y 2 = 2 + 22 = 6
y 2
θ = arctan( ) = arctan( √ )
x 2
√ i·arctan( √2
)
→ z = reiθ = 6e 2 ≈ 2.45e0.96i

The same can be done for the second z.

3
 r
q
3 3
r= x2 + y 2 = 02 + ( )2 =
2 2
1
θ = π (For x = 0, y > 0)
2
3 π
→ z = reiθ = ei 2
2
Q5. (20 points) Compute (1 + 2i)2i+1 , i.e. write the result in the form of x + iy. Show
details.
Solution: To compute (1+2i)2i+1 , we will determine r and θ and then use the formula
for the arbitrary power of a complex number, which is z a = ealn(z) .

q p √
r= x2 + y 2 = 12 + 22 = 5
y
θ = arctan( ) = arctan(2)
x
ln(z) = ln|z| + iarg(z)
√
→ ln(1 + 2i) = ln|1 + 2i| + iarg(1 + 2i) = ln( 5) + i arctan(2)
√
→ (1 + 2i)2i+1 = e(2i+1)·ln(1+2i) = e(2i+1)·(ln( 5)+i arctan(2))
√ √
ln( 5)+i arctan(2)+2ln( 5)i−2 arctan(2)
=e
√ √ √
= eln( 5)−2 arctan(2)
[cos(2ln( 5) + arctan(2)) + i sin(2ln( 5) + arctan(2))]
≈ 0.2442 · [−0.9110 + 0.4123i] ≈ −0.2225 + 0.1007i

where we used eiθ = cos(θ) + i sin(θ) in the second to last line.