GENERAL SPECIFICATION

TELECOMMUNICATIONS

GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

04 05/2015 Organisation change – January 2015

03 10/2013 Standards update (ITU G.657) and corrections
02 10/2009 Title modification, and withdrawn cable route specification
01 10/2008 Standards update and corrections
00 10/2006 First issue
Rev. Date Purpose of the revision

Owning entity: SG/SI Managing entity: SG/SI/AFT

This document is the property of TOTAL S.A., it contains confidential information which may not be disclosed to any third party,
reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute to the applicable laws and regulations.
 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 2 of 25

Contents

1. Scope ....................................................................................................................... 4

2. Reference documents ............................................................................................. 4

3. Network Architecture .............................................................................................. 6

3.1 Application interface ........................................................................................................ 6
3.2 System Availability .......................................................................................................... 7
3.3 Network topology ............................................................................................................ 7
3.4 Network Protection .......................................................................................................... 7
3.5 Network Security ............................................................................................................. 7
3.6 System Synchronisation.................................................................................................. 7
3.7 System Performance....................................................................................................... 7

4. Optical System Design ........................................................................................... 8

4.1 Communication Distances .............................................................................................. 8
4.2 Optical power budget ...................................................................................................... 8
4.3 Optical interfaces .......................................................................................................... 10
4.4 In-line equipment .......................................................................................................... 11
4.5 Personnel safety ........................................................................................................... 12

5. Terminal Equipment .............................................................................................. 12

5.1 SDH Equipment ............................................................................................................ 13
5.2 OTN solution ................................................................................................................. 13
5.3 Lower order PDH multiplexer ........................................................................................ 13
5.4 WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) Terminal ....................................................... 14

6. Network Management ........................................................................................... 14

7. Power Supply ........................................................................................................ 15

7.1 Site Equipments ............................................................................................................ 15
7.2 PFE............................................................................................................................... 15

8. Fibre Optic Cable (FOC)........................................................................................ 15

8.1 Cables and accessories ................................................................................................ 15
8.2 Global FOC Attenuation ................................................................................................ 19

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
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 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 3 of 25

9. Maintenance .......................................................................................................... 19
9.1 Transmission equipment maintenance .......................................................................... 19
9.2 Cable Maintenance ....................................................................................................... 20

10. Quality .................................................................................................................... 21

10.1 Cable testing ................................................................................................................. 21
10.2 Transmission Equipment Testing .................................................................................. 22
10.3 System Test .................................................................................................................. 22

11. Documentation ...................................................................................................... 23

Appendix 1 Glossary .......................................................................................................... 24

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
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 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 4 of 25

1. Scope
The present specification shall allow Contractor to design telecom fibre optic systems according
to Company needs. Main requirements for cable and terminal equipment design, supply and
installation are pointed out. Contractor shall detail each point at bid and design stages.
For telecom offshore fibre optic cable installation refer to GS EP TEL 190.

2. Reference documents
The reference documents listed below form an integral part of this General Specification.

External Documents
Unless otherwise stipulated, the applicable version of these documents, including relevant
appendices and supplements, is the latest revision published at the effective date of this
document.

Reference Title
CISPR 22 Information Technology Equipment - Radio Disturbance
Characteristics - Limits and Methods of Measurement
ETSI EN 300 386 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Telecommunication network equipment; ElectroMagnetic
Compatibility (EMC) requirements
IEC 60331 Fire resisting characteristics of electrical cables
IEC 61000-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and
Measurement Techniques
IEC 60079-28 Protection of equipment and transmission systems using optical
radiation
ITU-T G.651 Characteristics of a 50/125 µm multimode graded index optical
fibre cable
ITU-T G.652 Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre and cable
ITU-T G.653 Characteristics of a dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre
and cable
ITU-T G.654 Characteristics of a cut-off shifted single-mode optical fibre and
cable
ITU-T G.655 Characteristics of a non-zero dispersion-shifted single-mode
optical fibre and cable
ITU-T G.657 Characteristics of a bending-loss insensitive single-mode optical
fibre and cable for the access network
ITU-T G.694.2 Spectral grid for WDM application: CWDM wavelength grid
ITU-T G.695 Optical interfaces for coarse wavelength division multiplexing
applications

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 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 5 of 25

Reference Title
ITU-T G.702 Digital Hierarchy Bits Rates
ITU-T G.703 Physical/Electrical Characteristics of Hierarchy Digital Interfaces
ITU-T G.704 Structure of the synchronous frame
ITU-T G.706 Frame alignment and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) procedures
relating to basic frame structures defined in G.704
ITU-T G.707 Network Node Interface for Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
ITU-T G.711 Pulse code modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies
ITU-T G.712 Transmission Performance Characteristics of PCM Channels
ITU-T G.773 Protocol suites for Q-interfaces for management of transmission
systems
ITU-T G.783 Characteristics of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment
functional blocks
ITU-T G.784 Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) management
ITU-T G.785 Characteristics of a flexible multiplexer in a synchronous digital
hierarchy environment
ITU-T G.803 Architecture of transport networks based on the synchronous
digital hierarchy (SDH)
ITU-T G.805 Generic functional architecture of transport networks
ITU-T G.811 Timing characteristics of primary reference clocks
ITU-T G.813 Timing characteristics of SDH equipment slave clocks (SEC)
ITU-T G.823 The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are
based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy
ITU-T G.825 The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are
based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)
ITU-T G.826 End-to-end error performance parameters and objectives for
international, constant bit-rate digital paths and connections
ITU-T G.828 Error performance parameters and objectives for international,
constant bit rate synchronous digital paths
ITU-T G.872 Architecture of optical transport networks
ITU-T G.911 Parameters and calculation methodologies for reliability and
availability of fibre optic systems
ITU-T G.957 Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to the
synchronous digital hierarchy
ITU-T M.3010 Principles for a Telecommunication Management Network
ITU-T M.3100 Generic Network Information Model

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute to the applicable laws and regulations.
 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 6 of 25

Total General Specifications

Unless otherwise stipulated, the applicable version of these documents, including relevant
appendices and supplements, is the latest revision published in the applicable yearly collection.

Reference Title

GS EP EXP 101 Pre-commissioning and Commissioning specification

GS EP EXP 103 Pre-commissioning and Commissioning Engineering
GS EP EXP 105 Pre-commissioning Execution
GS EP EXP 107 Commissioning Execution
GS EP TEL 180 Telecommunication network pre-cabling
GS EP TEL 190 Offshore optical fibres based telecommunications
GS EP TEL 700 Telecommunications Engineering services

3. Network Architecture
The network architecture shall be adapted to Company requirements, in terms of:
• Application interface and bit rate
• Availability and confidentiality of data stream
• Flexibility of the network
• Use of existing infrastructure.
The optical transport network architecture shall comply with ITU-T G.803, ITU-T G.805 and
ITU-T G.872.
SDH technology shall be preferred to multiplex and transport traffic between independent
Company sites over a shared backbone. Other solutions may be proposed for dedicated fibre
interconnection of sites.
Aggregate interface base case capacity shall be 10 Gb/s per production site.

3.1 Application interface

According to Company needs, the traffic ports shall be:
• PDH E1 (2.048 Mb/s)
• Data RS232, RS422 or RS485 interfaces
• Voice interfaces (analog or digital interface)
• Ethernet (10/100 Mb/s) and Gb/s Ethernet
• Video Interface (PAL, NTSC, MPEG…).
Or any other interface according to project specific requirements.

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute to the applicable laws and regulations.
 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 7 of 25

3.2 System Availability

Contractor shall guarantee 99.999% availability on the network.
System lifetime shall be at least 25 years, with required availability. The parameters and
calculation methodologies for reliability and availability of fibre optic systems shall comply with
ITU-T G.911 standard.

3.3 Network topology

According to Company requirements and local constraints, the following architecture shall be
proposed for the network:
• Linear or point-to-point
• Ring Topology
• Meshed Network.

3.4 Network Protection

According to the topology, Contractor shall describe the network protection used (SNCP, MSP,
optical transport layer protection mechanism…).
Protection mechanism shall be described (optical switching time, fibre pairs or wavelength
dedicated to protection, possibility to carry low priority traffic on protection fibres, single or multi-
failure behaviour…).

3.5 Network Security

Contractor shall issue a data security, and confidentiality plan, when on a third party shared
infrastructure.

3.6 System Synchronisation

Contractor shall provide all necessary GPS Primary Reference Clocks (PRC), Synchronization
Source Units (SSU), and Timing Distribution Units necessary to maintain the ITU-T G.811
quality integrity of the network using 2Mbits clock output.
Contractor shall ensure a stable synchronization source for the network segments during a loss
of the PRC synchronization/timing signal:
• All equipment shall be able to switch automatically to a correct synchronisation source
• Each equipment shall have at least two synchronisation sources.
In case of failure of both synchronisation sources, SDH equipment shall be able to maintain a
ITU-T G.813 timing quality, should SDH architecture be used.
Alarms of synchronous elements must be deported to SDH nodes through dry contacts. Alarm
cables must be connected to terminal blocks on the MDF.

3.7 System Performance

System performance shall comply with ITU-T G.826 and ITU-T G.828.

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute to the applicable laws and regulations.
 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 8 of 25

The error performance of a trunk is to be specified and measured at all available bit rates
(10 Gb/s, 2.5 Gb/s or 2 Mb/s levels) to be consistent with the method of monitoring error
performance of an SDH/PDH signal.
The system shall be designed to guarantee a maximum bit error rate of 10-9 over the system
life.
The System shall provide a jitter and wander performance that shall meet the objectives
outlined in ITU Recommendations ITU-T G.813, ITU-T G.825 on STM-N interfaces, and
ITU-T G.823, ITU-T G.783 on PDH interfaces.

4. Optical System Design

4.1 Communication Distances
Communications distances shall define the need for a repeated, or non repeated system.
Lengths Amplification WDM Bit Rate
0 - 150 km No Almost unlimited 10 Gb/s per λ
150 - 300 km In terminal stations 16 λ or 32 λ 10 Gb/s per λ
300 - 550 km Without repeaters, 16 λ or 32 λ 10 Gb/s per λ down
but with optical to 155 Mb/s per λ
amplifiers
> 550 km Repeaters required 16 λ or 32 λ 10 Gb/s per λ
Unrepeated systems, which are much easier to install and maintain, shall therefore be preferred
over repeated system.

4.2 Optical power budget

The system design shall comply with the system power budget.
The power budget shall take into account and detail assumptions for:
• Fibre attenuation, splice losses, connectors losses
• Interface output power and sensitivity, wavelength number, in-line equipment quantity
(Repeaters, BU)
• System ageing
• System repairs (Terrestrial network shall be designed for a Cable Repair Margin of 3.0 dB
on all optical segments within the network. Cable repair margin for submarine systems
shall be detailed according to segment cable length and water depth)
• Existing infrastructure optical fibre characteristics
• 1 dB End-of-Life margin
• FEC improvement
• Final capacity of the network.

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute to the applicable laws and regulations.
 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 9 of 25

Typical power budget forms are given below:

Unrepeated System Power Budget
Segment Name
Segment length
Fibre-type
Rx interface type
Tx interface type
Channel bit rate
Channel number

Cable loss unit

Submarine cable length km
Submarine cable attenuation dB/km
Land/terrestrial cable length km
Land/terrestrial cable attenuation dB/km
Installation loss (splices, connectors…) dB
Fibre ageing dB/km
Cable repair margin dB
Total SOL cable loss dB
Total EOL cable loss dB

Line Terminal equipment unit

Line total input power dB
Average channel line input power dB
Receiver sensitivity (for ITU performance after FEC) dB
Minimum FEC improvement dB

System Performance unit

Transmission penalty dB
SOL System Margin dB
EOL System Margin dB

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
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 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 10 of 25

Repeated System Power Budget

Segment Name
Segment length
Fibre type
SLTE type
Channel bit rate
Channel number
Repeater number
BU number
Unit SOL EOL
Q factor (from SNR) dB

Propagation Impairment dB
In-line equipment supervisory impairment dB
Individual channel adjustment impairment (wavelength, power) dB
Time Varying System Performance dB

Line Q value dB
SLTE back-to-back Q value dB
Segment Q value dB

EOL Minimum Segment Margin dB

Q limit for compliance with ITU performance dB
Repair Margin dB
Commissioning Limit dB
Corresponding BER before FEC improvement
BER after FEC improvement
Segment Q value after FEC improvement dB

4.3 Optical interfaces

Optical interfaces in terminal equipment shall work in 1310 nm or 1550 nm bandwidth in
accordance with ITU-T G.957.

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
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 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 11 of 25

In case of cable fault or amplifier fault, the optical power of the suitable lasers shall be
automatically lowered to a safety level or switched off. After clearance of the fault, the normal
optical power level of the lasers shall be restored automatically.
It shall be possible to inhibit this protective device without disturbing the transmission.
High power interfaces shall be identified and shall be protected against inadvertent operation.
Lower class interfaces shall be preferred.
High quality and reliability optical connectors shall be used.
The Contractor shall specify which type of optical connectors is used (SC/PC, SC/APC, LC/PC,
LC/APC) on equipment fibre optic interfaces.
The Contractor shall provide all required fibre optic patch cords necessary to make the
interconnection between the equipment provided and the ODF, and to perform appropriate
testing.
The optical jumpers shall be compatible with the ODF fibre optic cable, depending on the ITU
standards used (ITU-T G.655, ITU-T G.652, ITU-T G.653 or ITU-T G.657 a/b). Optical
attenuator shall be installed on all links whenever the receive signal power is greater than the
maximum allowable received signal level for the traffic port.
The Contractor shall be responsible for:
• All optical attenuators required to maintain the receive signal level within the acceptable
operating range of the equipment
• Dispersion Compensating Units that are installed to decrease the effect of the Chromatic
Dispersion on fibre links that exceed the operational dispersion limits of the interface.

4.4 In-line equipment

4.4.1 Terrestrial in-line equipment

Contractor shall indicate if terrestrial in-line amplifiers or in-line compensation spools are
needed, and shall minimize the use of in-line active equipment as it decreases strongly system
reliability. In-line equipment position shall be indicated. If no existing infrastructure is used,
Contractor shall be responsible to supply shelter to house the in-line equipment, as well as
power supply.
Contractor shall also be responsible to obtain construction permit for the shelters.
Contractor shall guarantee that shelters are provided with appropriate temperature and humidity
control to comply with equipment environmental characteristics.

4.4.2 Submarine in-line equipment

Contractor shall indicate performances and quantity of in-line equipment used (repeaters,
branching units).Contractor shall indicate the equipment bandwidth. Equipment design shall be
adapted with system length and final capacity.
All submarine in-line equipment reliability shall be justified. All submarine equipment
qualification for standard water depth shall be proofed.
If submarine connectors are needed, qualification tests shall be proposed.

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute to the applicable laws and regulations.
 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 12 of 25

If branching units are used of a repeated system, Contractor shall indicate earthing philosophy,
particularly in case of cable break.
Contractor shall propose, as an option, a terminal equipment in order to monitor submarine in-
line equipment.

4.5 Personnel safety

The System design shall ensure the protection of personnel from hazards including but not
limited to optical, mechanical, chemical and electrical hazards during manufacturing, installation
and maintenance operations. The maximum temperature of any accessible outer plate shall not
exceed 60°C.

5. Terminal Equipment
Terminal equipment involves:
• WDM terminal
• Add-Drop Multiplexer
• Lower order PDH multiplexer or Ethernet switch/router.
These functions may be performed by a multi-service platform, as long as the equipment is field
proven, and is compatible with Company interfaces.
All equipment shall be modular and hot-swappable to facilitate maintenance. Main functions
(power supply, switching matrix) shall be equipped with EPS (equipment protection switching) to
ensure redundancy in case of board failure.
All equipment shall be equipped with alarm, control and performance functions.
Contractor shall provide equipment shelves fully wired for their maximum capacities to allow for
future system expansion without any interruption of service or equipment rewiring. Contractor
shall design and install system so that future addition of modules and shelves shall be simple
and shall require no internal wiring. Contractor shall provide all non-equipped card positions
with dummy covers.
Equipment shall be 19” rack mounted. It shall comply with IEC 61000-4 and EMI requirements.
Equipment shall comply with contractual environmental conditions.
Equipment shall be able to issue a dry contact controlled by system status. The relay shall open
when major alarms are detected.
All equipment shall be able, after an ESD (emergency shutdown), to power-up without any
operator intervention.
All equipment shall be protected against transmission interruptions caused by power voltage
surges and transients.
All equipment software releases shall correspond to the last updated release, available at the
FAT time, for this equipment, and shall all be delivered separately, on CD-ROM.
All equipment shall be provided with at least 20% spare traffic ports and transmission interface
capacity.

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
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 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 13 of 25

5.1 SDH Equipment

SDH equipment shall be equipped with a non blocking switching unit able to cross-connect any
traffic port and shall comply with ITU-T G.707. The management aspects of the SDH, including
the control and monitoring functions relevant to SDH network elements shall comply with
ITU-T G.784.
Traffic ports shall be protected by EPS (N+1).
Switching unit shall be protected by EPS 1+1.
SDH interfaces shall comply with ITU-T G.825 and ITU-T G.783.
SDH equipment shall be equipped with EOW channel; to provide selective call facilities between
sites, using traffic overhead.
SDH equipment shall be equipped with service channels, able to transmit system status and
alarms, as well as external equipment status or alarms.
SDH switching unit shall allow to perform cross connections on unused ports without traffic
impact.
In case of connection between SDH Add-drop multiplexer and PDH multiplexer, ADM tributary
ports shall comply with ITU-T G.703 E1 interfaces, and shall be interfaced on 120 ohm or
75 ohm DDF (to be précised by Contractor). Functional requirements for a flexible multiplexer
intended to be installed in a SDH environment shall comply with ITU-T G.785.
The Contractor shall provide all the DDF, terminal blocks, connectors and cables necessary.
Interconnection of equipments must always be done thanks to patch cords on the DDF or ODF.
20% spare blocks must be provided by the Contractor.

5.2 OTN solution

If optical transport frame is used to transport data which are not framed in SDH format,
protection mechanism shall be described (optical switching time, fibre pairs or wavelength
dedicated to protection, possibility to carry low priority traffic on protection fibres…).
Performance measurement shall be described.
Alarm facilities shall be described, as well as corresponding troubleshooting methodology.
Synchronisation principles shall be described (source, protection, ITU standard).

5.3 Lower order PDH multiplexer

Lower order PDH multiplexer shall be based on PCM transmission, and shall comply with
ITU-T G.702, ITU-T G.703, ITU-T G.704, ITU-T G.706, ITU-T G.711, and ITU-T G.712.
Network Node Interfaces of PDH shall comply with ITU-T G.823 recommendation.
Voice and data channels shall be terminated on MDF (Main Distribution Frame) in accordance
with GS EP TEL 180.
It is Contractor’s responsibility to provide physical interfaces which are compatible with
Company applications.

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
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 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 14 of 25

5.4 WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) Terminal

WDM system shall comply with ITU-T G.694.2 and ITU-T G.695.
WDM terminal shall be fully transparent to SDH or other transport protocol.
If WDM equipment is installed, technologies such as:
• Chromatic dispersion compensation
• Raman amplification, etc.
may be used. They shall be described, and maximum upgradeable capacity shall be given
according power budget, with the following information:
• Maximum capacity with proposed line terminal equipment
• Final capacity supported by the network, using best existing technology.
EOW channel shall be provided, through optical frame overhead or using an additional
wavelength.
Contractor shall detail WDM terminal functions such as: automatic amplifiers gain adjustment,
automatic channels pre-emphasis, etc.
Contractor shall propose, as an option, a N+1 protection scheme for SLTE.
A maintenance procedure for the system shall be provided by Contractor to cope with chromatic
dispersion management and gain flatness. System shall not be disturbed by the removal or
addition of two channels over the optical bandwidth (tributary independence). Upgrade
procedure shall be provided by Contractor from initial capacity to final capacity, without traffic
impact.

6. Network Management
According to system dimension, Contractor shall propose a network management system that
shall comply with ITU-T G.773, ITU-T M.3010 and ITU-T M.3100.
It can include:
• Supervision of all network elements (including PFE if any)
• Local management system in each site (1st level)
• A network management system with element management layer and network
management layer (2nd level).
Minimum requirement for the management system is:
• Time stamped alarm list and archiving
• System status
• Performance monitoring
• Configuration management
• Back-up and restore facility
• Administration of users (rights and access).

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
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 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 15 of 25

DCN using in band channels shall be provided, without impact on traffic total payload, in order
to allow direct communication between transmission equipment and network management
server.
DCN shall be redundant to avoid any single-point failure.
Contractor shall deliver a complete DCN, including routers, switches, servers and workstations.
NMS shall also be able to monitor and control in-line equipment.

7. Power Supply
7.1 Site Equipments
All site equipment shall be powered from 230 V AC.

7.2 PFE
Redundant power feeding equipment shall be proposed by Contractor in the scope of repeated
submarine systems. Contractor shall precise PFE characteristics in terms of:
• Single-end or double-end feeding
• Generator Voltage
• Line current
• Earthing philosophy, particularly in case of cable break
• Collected alarms
• Surge protection
• Electroding
• Safe operation and maintenance.
Total cable voltage drop calculation shall be detailed.
In a third parties shared backbone, there shall not be any trunk line PFE on an offshore
platform.

8. Fibre Optic Cable (FOC)

8.1 Cables and accessories

8.1.1 Fibre specification

According to specific project, the fibre used in cables shall be compliant with one of ITU-T
following recommendations.
• 50/125 µm multimode graded index optical fibre cable: ITU-T G.651
The standard is a core diameter of 50 μm or 62.5 μm.
Graded Index optical fibre has larger transmission loss than the "single-mode" optical
fibre, but facilitates easy optical fibre connections and inexpensive network equipment,

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
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 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 16 of 25

making it widely used for LANs and other short-distance information communication
applications.
• Single-mode optical fibre and cable: ITU-T G.652
Single-mode propagation is characterized as having lower attenuation and less time
dispersion which translates into higher bandwidth capacity. Standard single-mode fibre
has a zero-dispersion wavelength in the 1310 nm band and its high-bandwidth capacity
makes it a highly demanded fibre type for both public and private networks.
• Dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable: ITU-T G.653
Dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre is single mode fibre that has its zero-
dispersion wavelength in the 1550 nm band, where transmission losses are lower than in
the 1310 nm band, it is applied to long-distance transmission.
• Cut-off shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable: ITU-T G.654
Cut-off shifted single-mode optical fibre has the zero-dispersion wavelength around
1300 nm wavelength which is loss-minimized and cut-off shifted single-mode optical fibre
at a wavelength around 1550 nm and which is optimized for use in the 1530-1625 nm
region. This fibre (CSF) can be used for long-distance digital transmission applications
such as long-haul terrestrial line systems and submarine cable systems using optical
amplifiers.
• Non-zero dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable: ITU-T G.655
Non-zero dispersion-sifted single-mode is optical fibre that suppresses the non-linear
phenomena of the 1550 nm band by shifting its zero-dispersion wavelength slightly from
the 1550 nm band. It is suitable for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)
transmission and is applied to ultra-high-speed long-distance transmission.
• Bending-loss insensitive single mode optical fibre and cable: ITU-T G.657
Bending loss insensitive single mode optical fibres are divided between subcategories A
and B.
Category A fibres are optimized for reduced macrobending loss and tighter dimensional
specifications compared to ITU-T G.652.D fibres. Fibres and requirements in this category
are a subset of ITU-T G.652.D and therefore compliant with ITU-T G.652.D fibres and
have the same transmission and interconnection properties.
Category B fibres are optimized for further reduced macrobending loss and therefore are
capable of being used at very low values of bend radius. These fibres are for short reach
distances (less than 1000 m) at the end of access networks, in particular inside buildings
or near buildings (e.g., outside building riser cabling). The application length of
ITU-T G.657.B fibre depends on the deployment strategy. Category B fibres are not
necessarily compliant with ITU-T G.652.D in terms of chromatic dispersion coefficient and
PMD specifications. These fibres however, are system compatible with ITU-T G.657.A
(and ITU-T G.652.D) fibres.
For the proposed fibre, the Contractor shall provide at least following information:
• Fibre origin/Manufacturer
• Mode field diameter

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 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 17 of 25

• Cladding diameter
• Mode field concentricity error
• Cladding non-circularity
• Refractive index
• Attenuation
• Effect of temperature to fibre attenuation
• PMD and Chromatic Dispersion typical values
• Mechanical characteristics.

8.1.2 Cable specification

[Link] Installation and environment

According to each project, cable structure will be adapted to the installation and environment
requirements:
Installation:
• Direct buried
• In direct buried pipes (PVC, Pe...)
• In ducts (towns, urban area...)
• Aerial
• In buildings
• Particular points (road crossing, river crossing, bridges...).
Environment:
• Proximity of power supply cables
• Risks related to the lightning
• Protection against rodents
• Applicable particular rules in common routes with other cables
• Others.
All these points shall be noted and described by Contractor after survey.

[Link] Cable characteristics

According to the results of the survey, the Contractor shall propose the cables the most adapted
for the project:
• Type and fibre number
• Cable structure: metallic or dielectric armour, metallic or dielectric strength member,
special protection...

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
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 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 18 of 25

• Fire resisting (shall comply with IEC 60331), release of halogens...

Cables shall include at least 20% spare fibres.
The Contractor will have to provide at least following information:
• Fibre number
• Fibres units (loose tube...)
• Fibres and tubes identification
• Cable structure (strength member…)
• Materials used for all elements (tubes, strength member, sheaths, armour...)
• Mechanical characteristics:
- Minimum bending radius/static, dynamic
- External diameter
- Weight
- Maximum tensile load
- Crush and bending performance
- Temperature range.
• External sheath marking.

8.1.3 Splicing Box

Contractor shall propose splicing boxes and protection adapted to the installation and
environmental conditions (direct buried, in manhole, on pole...).
Protection index (IP): min 65.
In case of an installation in a hazardous area zone, an ATEX splicing box shall be installed as
per IEC 60079-28:
• EEx ‘e’ type box for fusion splicing
• EEx ‘d’ type box for mechanical splicing (non certified patch panels / connectors)
The Contractor will have to provide at least following information:
• Type of closure, manufacturer
• Materials
• Dimensions of the box
• Mechanical characteristics (crush performance...).

8.1.4 Optical Distribution Frame

At each end of the link, each fibre shall be terminated in ODF installed in 19” racks in cabinet.
Base case for connectors’ type shall be duplex SC/PC, except justified by project specific
requirements.

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute to the applicable laws and regulations.
 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 19 of 25

Contractor will indicate the materials proposed in order to protect patch cords from ODF to
transmission equipment.

8.2 Global FOC Attenuation

8.2.1 Cable characteristics

Maximum fibre attenuation shall be clearly indicated in cables data sheets supplied by
manufacturer.
For connectors Contractor will indicate the maximum and average attenuation values, as well as
the type of connectors used for ODF and Patch Cords (tuned, untuned...).
For permanent installation, only fusion splices shall be used (no mechanical splices).
The Contractor will indicate:
• Maximum and average attenuation values for each individual splice
• Type of material and splicing technique: Fusion Splicer references, Profile Alignment
System or other, type of individual splice protection...

8.2.2 Theoretical Cable Attenuation

For each and any of the considered wavelengths, FOC global attenuation shall be calculated by
taking into account the following parameters:
• Maximum Fibre attenuation at the considered wavelength Mf / dB/km
• Maximum splice attenuation Ms / dB
• Maximum connector attenuation Mc / dB
The maximum attenuation (Amax dB) of the link shall be calculated with the following formula:
Amax dB = L x Mf + S x Ms + C x Mc
with:
L Length of the link
C Number of Connectors
S Number of splices

9. Maintenance
Contractor shall propose a list of maintenance tools and maintenance test equipment.
Test equipment for acceptance and commissioning purposes is part of Contractor’s services, as
well as commissioning spare parts.

9.1 Transmission equipment maintenance

Contractor shall supply a list of spare parts for all supplied equipment, to ensure 2 years
operation. Contractor shall be able to justify this list according to equipment MTBF.

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
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 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 20 of 25

After 2 years operation, Contractor shall be able to provide during the lifespan of the system
same or equivalent material compatible with that installed.
Contractor shall propose a maintenance service, and shall describe its limits (call center
opening hours, maximum delay for site intervention, maximum delay for board repair, guarantee
period on each piece of equipment…) and costs.

9.2 Cable Maintenance

9.2.1 Spares
The Contractor shall supply spare parts list and technical documentation:
• Cables drums
• Splicing boxes
• Pigtails
• Patch cords.
Type and quantities of each material shall be estimated by the Contractor according to each
specific project (length of the link, particular risks...).
After 2 years operation, Contractor shall be able to provide during the lifespan of the system
same or equivalent material compatible with that installed.

9.2.2 Preventive Maintenance

Contractor shall issue a preventive maintenance procedure to detail methods and the materials
needed as well as the frequency of controls suggested.
Preventive maintenance consists in checking at regular intervals that the attenuation of all the
components of the link (fibres, splices, connectors...) does not vary and in particular, does not
increase. Should this occur, it may be assumed that one of the components of the section is
about to fail - for example, stress at a specific point on the fibre, water infiltration in a splice,
soiled or damaged connector surface, etc.
Access points to the cable along the way should be also checked at suitable frequency, to make
sure that no new infrastructure will come to obstruct a possible repair (new building, road...).
All the modifications should be noted.

9.2.3 Repair Maintenance

Contractor shall issue curative maintenance procedure and the materials proposed in order to
minimize disturbance and interruption of circuits:
• Accurate localization of the fault, determination of resources required
• Repair - if necessary after digging of a trench, re-laying of cable and splicing.(mechanical
splices are allowed temporarily)
• Estimation of maximum time of failure.
Contractor shall describe in details the methods and the materials used.

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
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 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 21 of 25

10. Quality
10.1 Cable testing

10.1.1 FAT
The aim of the Factory Acceptance Test is to verify the compliance of the FOC with the
international standards and recommendations and with FOC specifications issued by the
Contractor and approved Company.
Following documents shall be required during FAT:
• Construction and tests documentation
• Type Test Procedures
• Construction Test Procedures.
Measurement files of all cables shall be provided by Contractor during FAT, in standard format
(text, excel, Bellcore OTDR format…), or with appropriate software.

10.1.2 SAT
The Contractor shall issue all necessary controls and tests documentation:
• To check that cable laying did not bring about any additional attenuation on the optical
fibres, compared to that recorded during factory acceptance tests
• To check that splices which had to be performed on the site are satisfactory, and do not
bring about attenuation values higher than those stated on specifications
• To establish validity of the link by measuring its performances from end to end.
Following parameters shall be measured and the corresponding optical values will cope with
those stated on specifications:
• Distances of splices starting from origin connector
• Total distance between connectors
• Fibre attenuation in dB/km between splices or between splice and connectors
• The loss value for unitary splice (uni-directional measurement)
• The average loss value for unitary splice (averaging of bi-directional measurement)
• The average splices loss (all the splices being found between each connector)
• Global attenuation (in dB) from connector O to connector E
• The average connector loss (averaging of bi-directional measurement).
Requirements for the radio disturbance level and immunity requirements of the equipment are
described in CISPR 22 and shall be in compliance with.
EMC requirements for equipment intended to be used within a telecommunications network
shall be in accordance with ETSI - EN 300 386.

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
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 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 22 of 25

Contractor shall provide before final tests:

• Acceptance files, including the back-scattering curves of each fibre recorded after splicing,
and the attenuation recordings. The results of the tests shall be processed and recorded
by using an appropriate software
• End to end OTDR
• End to end power loss
• Block diagram of the link
• "As built" drawings of the works:
- Exact position of the cable and splices recorded on at topographical survey
- Distances between ODF, splices...

10.2 Transmission Equipment Testing

10.2.1 FAT
FAT shall proof that equipment characteristics are in accordance with the technical
specification, including:
• Sensitivity of optical interfaces
• Performance of all traffic ports
• MSP and SNCP tests with switching time
• EPS tests with switching time
• Time stamped alarms (AIS, LOS…)
• Software internal or line loopback.
In-line equipment shall also be tested in FAT, and shall meet constructor specification.

10.2.2 Stand-alone tests

Stand-alone tests shall be performed to ensure that equipment has suffered no damage during
transportation. It shall involve any transmission equipment and any management equipment. If
test equipment is provided, it shall also be tested on site.

10.3 System Test

10.3.1 Commissioning Tests

Pre-commissioning and commissioning shall be done accordingly to GS EP EXP 101,
GS EP EXP 103, GS EP EXP 105 and GS EP EXP 107.
A commissioning procedure shall be submitted for comments/approval at the Engineering
design stage and approved as final at least four weeks prior to commissioning.

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
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 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 23 of 25

The purpose of the commissioning tests is to:

• Validate the system design (SNR measurement, etc.)
• Take reference on optical connection points
• Adjust alarm thresholds
• Verify system power budget and system margin
• Perform network configuration and monitoring tests on NMS.
Contractor shall issue relevant documents accordingly.

10.3.2 Confidence Trial

Confidence Trial shall be done over at least a one week period, during which no intervention
shall be made on the system. Performance measurements shall be available each 24 hours,
and archived in readable electronic files.
System performance on overall trial period shall be given in terms of BER, SES, ES, BBE.
In case of system failure or performance degradation, the confidence trial shall be started again.

11. Documentation
Documentation shall be supplied by Contractor according to GS EP TEL 700 and in addition:
• Configuration Databook
• Integration procedure.

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
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 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 24 of 25

Appendix 1

Appendix 1 Glossary

ADM Add-Drop Multiplexer

AIS Alarm Indication Signal
BBE Background Block Error
BER Bit Error rate
BMH Beach Manhole
BU Branching Unit
DCN Data Communication Network
DDF Digital Distribution Frame
DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
EOW Engineering Order Wire
EPS Equipment Protection Switching
ES Errored Second
ESD Emergency Shutdown
FAT Factory Acceptance Test
FOC Fibre Optic Cable
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IP Ingress Protection
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ITU International Telecommunication Union
LOS Loss of Signal
MDF Main Distribution Frame
MPLS MultiProtocol Label Switching
MSP Multiplex Section Protection
MTBF Mean Time Between Failure
NMS Network Management System
NNI Network Node Interfaces
ODF Optical Distribution Frame
OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
OTN Optical Transport Network
PCM Pulse Code Modulation

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
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 General Specification GS EP TEL 191

Telecom Fibre Optic System Design

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 05/2015 Page: 25 of 25

Appendix 1

PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PFE Power Feeding Equipment
SAT Site Acceptance Test
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SLTE Submarine Line Terminal Equipment
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute to the applicable laws and regulations.