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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC AHMEDNAGAR
DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ACADEMIC YEAR : 2021- 2022
A MICROPROJECT REPORT ON
STUDY OF ISOLATORS AND THEIR TYPES
UNDER GUIDANCE OF :-
DR.B.C KHARBAS SIR
SUBMITTED BY:
ROLLNO. STUDENT NAME ENROLLMENT NO
8. KANCHAN. R. MISAL. 1801300237
12. PRANALI. [Link] 1801300244
15. MUKUND. S .TAGAD. 1801300255
17. PRERANA. B. WALKE. 1801300262
79. SHREYA. P. WATTAMWAR. 1901300511
84. KIRAN . S . GUJAR. 2001300028
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the students , Kanchan Misal
(1801300237) , Pranali Pimpale (1801300244) , Mukund
Tagad (1801300255) , Prerna Walke (1801300262) ,Shreya
Wattamwar (1901300511), Kiran Gujar (2001300028) has
carried out the microproject work fore course Switchgear And
Protection ( Code 22524 ) on topic entitled “Study of Isolators
and their types.” The micro project work is hereby accepted for
the partial fulfillment towards completion of diploma in in
electrical engineering program, for the academic year 2021-
2022, Government Polytechnic Ahmednagar (MSBTE Institute
Code- 0130).
[Link]. [Link] [Link]
GUIDE. HOD ELECTRICAL DEPT. PRINCIPAL
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The success and final outcome of this micro project is required a lot of
guidance and Assistance from many mentors, and we are extremely
privileged to have this in the Completion of our work. We have
completed our work, only due to such dedicated Supervision and
inspiration. We express our extremely thanks to our respected
Guide, Dr. B.C. Kharbas and Dr. B. C. Kharbas Head,
Electrical Engineering Department He always uses to
supervise and guide on topic of our micro project. He helped in
Completion of our work by providing all the necessary information,
knowledge and Methodologies for developing a good system. He
always provided us nice support and Enabled us to work and
explained us by saying work is worship instead of busy schedule in
Managing the departmental administrative activities and corporate
affairs.
.It would be incomplete assignment if we do not mention and
remember our Respected .Dr. B.C. Kharbas , Principal,
Government Polytechnic Ahmednagar, who is Constant
source of inspiration and always use to give encouragement in our
project work, Academic work and extra-curricular work. He always
use to give us timely support and help till the completion of our work.
.We are enough fortunate to give thank to all faculty
members, laboratory staff, Supporting staff our
student friends of Electrical Engineering Department
and other Supporting staff of Government
Polytechnic Ahmednagar, for their support, help,
Encouragement directly or indirectly.
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CONTENT
Chapter Name Of Page
No Chapter No
1 List of Table 5
Abstract 6
Introduction to 7
Topic
1.1 Rational 7
1.2 Aim/Benefits of 7
Microproject
1.3 Course Outcomes 8
Achieved
2 Methodology and 9
Problem Solution
2.1 Literature Review 9
2.2 Isolator Definition 9
2.3 Working Principle 10
2.4 Types of Isolators 11
2.5 Advantages and 15
Drawbacks
2.6 Applications 16
3 Conclusion 17
3.1 Outputs of the 17
Microproject
3.2 Skill developed and 17
learning outcomes
3.3 Conclusion 18
4 Reference 18
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LIST OF TABLES
[Link] Table Name Of Page
No. Table No.
1 1.1 Course 8
Outcomes
(CO)Switchgear
and Protection
1.2 Course 8
Outcomes
Achieved (CO)
Switchgear And
Protection
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ABSTRACT
The isolator is one type of switching device, and the main
function of this is to make sure that a circuit is totally not
triggered in order to perform the preservation. These are also
recognizable like isolation switches to isolate the circuits. These
switches are applicable in industrial, distribution of electrical
power, etc. High voltage type isolation switches are utilized in
substations for permitting isolation of equipment like
transformers, circuit breakers. Usually, the disconnector switch is
not proposed for circuit control but it is for isolation. Isolators are
activated either automatically or manually. This article discusses
an overview of what is an electrical isolator, its types, and its
applications.
The topic of our micro project entitled “Study of Isolators
And Their Types” is a type of mechanical switch used to
isolate a fraction of the electrical circuit when it is required.
Isolator switches are used for opening an electrical circuit in
the no-load condition. Before making the model we studied
about all the information of isolator and the types and all the
specification of the isolator. Hence finally we collected all the
material related to the project.
The problem got solved by completing the step-by-step
work. We had completed the exercise by doing the major
things such as specification of the the topic construction and
working principle, advantages and drawbacks. Then we
collected other material required for the microproject topic.
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO TOPIC
1.1 Rationale
The topic of our micro project entitled “Study of
Isolators And Their Types” is a type of mechanical switch
used to isolate a fraction of the electrical circuit when it is
required. Isolator switches are used for opening an electrical
circuit in the no-load condition. The isolator is one type of
switching device, and the main function of this is to make sure
that a circuit is totally not triggered in order to perform the
preservation. These are also recognizable like isolation
switches to isolate the circuits. These switches are applicable
in industrial, distribution of electrical power, etc. High voltage
type isolation switches are utilized in substations for
permitting isolation of equipment like transformers, circuit
breakers. Hence finally design of of micro project is finalized
and it gives entire idea about isolators of Switchgear and
protection project.
1.2 Aims/Benefits of Microproject
Purpose of micro project given to students to develop
technical/ engineering skill among them. It is all associated with
gathering the information, converting it into knowledge using
technical/ engineering skills to develop the methodology to
solve the problem or developing [Link] got benefits in this
micro project is information of different types of isolator
,working principle ,application ,their construction, advantages
and disadvantages.
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1.3 Course Outcomes (CO) Achieved
The course outcomes are given in the table below for the
course Switchgear and Protection (Course Code 22524)
Table 1.1 Course Outcomes(CO) Switchgear
and Protection.
[Link] CO Course Outcomes
1 a Identify various types of faults in power
system
2 b Maintain protection system.
3 c Testing performance
4 d Identify use of protection for small scale
application
5 e Suitable switch gear for various
application
Table 1.2 Course Outcomes
Achieved(CO)Switchgear and Protection.
[Link] CO Course Outcomes
1 a Identify various types of faults in power system
2 b Maintain protection system.
3 c Testing performance
4 d Identify use of protection for small scale
application
5 e Suitable switch gear for various application
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CHAPTER 2
METHODOLOGY AND PROBLEM
SOLUTION
2.1 Literature Review.
In the Microproject of Switchgear and Protection,Our
microproject entitled “Isolators and their types” its
construction working and applications by our source of
inspiration and knowledge was our professor
[Link] Sir. In addition to this we reffered this
books namely Switchgear and Protection book by
[Link] by Tech Knowledge Publications
Pune [Link] Addition to this we had also gone
through various websites.
2.2 Isolators.
Electrical isolator which is commonly known as an
isolator or disconnector is a piece of equipment that is
used in electric devices and Power systems with the
main function of effectively isolating two different parts
of an instrument. The main purpose of an isolator is
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safety because if a fault occurs in one section of a circuit
for power supply then an electrical isolator is used as a
switch to keep a part that section from other sections of
the system to perform repair [Link] a similar scenario
isolators also ensure the safety of workers in regular
maintenance and service of the power system. Isolators
separate a certain circuit from the electricity mains and
discharge any residual current left in the circuit to the
ground. Isolator is always operated in a load condition,
it is never operated when the circuit is live or ON.
2.3 Working Principle
An isolator utilizes a transversely magnetized ferrite junction to
direct incoming microwave [Link] working of an isolator is
very simple and it can be operated in various ways such as fully
automatic ,semi automatic or manual operated. Isolators are
sometimes used as switches that can be opened or closed
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based on the requirement. But many times isolators are used
permanently in a fixed position to keep isolation such as in
electrical transmission lines ,transformers and grid stations.
Isolator switches in particular are used in power grids and
substations to efficiently isolate very high voltage apparatus
such as transformers and circuit breakers when they are due
for maintenance.
A first circuit breaker is opened which disconnects the circuit
then the isolator is also opened. And for the reverse
process,the first isolator is closed then the circuit breaker is
closed and the circuit is reconnected.
2.4 Types Of Isolator
There are various kinds of isolators available in the
market. Choice of electrical isolators depend upon the
requirement and application and based on the
placement in the system. Application can be classified
into four types.
(i) Vertical Break Type isolator
(ii) Horizontal Break Type Isolator
(iii) Pantograph Type Isolator
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2.4.1 Vertical Break Type Isolator
Figure below shows the single pole [Link]
operating blade is hinged at one end so that making
and breaking contact can be made. The operating
blade do not twist because of adopting reverse loop
[Link] this reason, inspection and
maintenance are almost unnecessary and sure
operation is obtained with small operating
[Link] units are tested for continuous
current carrying capacity, short time current
capacity and dry and wet flashover. The main
advantage of such types of isolators is that they are
simple in Construction.
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2.4.1 Horizontal Break Type Isolator
The Horizontal double break type isolator has turn and
twist type mechanism with self wiping [Link] fixed
and moving blades are made out of hard drawn
electrolytic copper. The isolator is designed to suit
overhead systems used in high density urban situations
or high load centers, where the load is much higher and
the need of improved and steady quality power supply is
much greater. Main function of this product is to isolate
the Transformer, Overhead lines, System or Cables from
distribution network.
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2.4.3 Pantograph Type Isolator
Pantograph Isolators are designed for independent single pole
operation or three pole mechanical ganged operation.
Pantograph Isolators are supplied asbreak down components
and are assembled at site. The relevant standards for these are
IS:9921 and IEC:129-1984. The pantograph disconnector consists
of two articulated half-arms which, by moving in a coordinated
way and “vertically” on the plane of the insulators, close the
circuit on a fixed contact connected the upper busbar.
Pantograph disconnectors are an ideal solution for connection to
busbar systems, since they allow minimizing the substation area
and ensure the maintenance (disconnector arms included) of the
bay inside which the equipment is installed, without putting the
upper busbar out of service.
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2.5 Advantages and Drawbacks of
Isolator
2.5.1 Advantages : As mentioned it is two port non-
reciprocal device used to pass signal in one direction with minimum of
attenuation and blocks the signal in the opposite direction with high
attenuation. When it is connected between source and load, Isolator helps
to eliminate variations in output power from the source as it blocks any
reflections going towards source from the load. Moreover it avoids
frequency pulling due to changing loads.
➨RF Isolator has many uses in Test and Measurement to protect the T&M
equipment from damage while performing testing and measurements due
to overload or high reflected power.
➨RF Isolator can be used in RF circuit design as depicted in the figure-2
below. In this design it passes all the fequencies from its input port to the
output port and blocks all the frequencies in the other directions. This way it
protects small miniaturized RF components such as amplifiers, mixers etc.
2.5.2 Drawbacks:
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The major consideration in the above RF circuit is that as RF isolator
passes all the frequencies in the forward direction within its band of
interest, often it passes undesired frequencies also along with desired
ones. Hence appropriate RF filters are used after RF isolator to
selectively pass frequencies of interest.
➨Maximum power handing capability of the RF isolator is limited due
to the fact that reverse power is absorbed in the ferrite material used in
the isolator and dissipated as heat. In order to increase capacity of heat
dissipation, two ferrite slabs are used instead of one.
➨Waveguide resonance isolator requires very high steady magnetic
field at higher frequencies.
2.6 Applications :
High Voltage Devices: Isolators are used in High
Voltage devices.
Isolator in Substation: When a fault occurs in a substation,
the isolator cuts out a portion of a substation.
Signal Isolation: Isolators can be used for the isolation of
signals.
❖ The applications of Isolators involve high voltage
devices such as transformers.
❖ These are protected with a locking system on the
external or with a lock to stop accidental usage.
❖ Isolator in Substation: When a fault occurs in a
substation, then the isolator cuts out a portion of a
substation
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CHAPTER 3
Conclusion
3.1 Output Of The Micro-Project
Through this micro project we got a clear
idea about what is an isolator and its different
types. We also studied its applications its
advantages and drawbacks. The isolator is
one type of switching device, and the main
function of this is to make sure that a circuit is
totally not triggered in order to perform the
preservation. These are also recognizable like
isolation switches to isolate the circuits.
3.2 Skill Developed and Learning
Outcomes
We had developed the grasping power and found it increased.
We came to improvement in our typing speed on computer and
increased the knowledge level. We got idea about reviewing,
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reading, learning and understanding the standard learning
materials like technical journals and good reference books. We
had developed psychomotor skill by doing the micro project.
Conclusion:
We have developed learning abilities associated with isolators
and their types of engineering work. We have developed the
knowledge of different types of isolators and their much more
applications. We got the idea about the working principle of
isolators. The exercise carried out by us is definitely helpful in
our future professional life in the field of Electrical Engineering.
We had achieved skills associated with course outcome (CO’s)
such as isolators for different applications use of different types
of isolators. Overall we have achieved all CO’s given in the
course by completing this micro project.
Reference:
Reference Book- “Switchgear and Protection” by Professor. S.M
Chaudhari Techknowledge publications Pune Maharashtra
Website - [Link]
electrical-isolator-types-working-and-its-applications-b9bb13cd0cae
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