Certificate
Acknowledgment
First page-
TO STUDY INFRARED SECURITY SYSTEM AND ITS WORKING
Second page-Introduction(heading)
Rapid growth in world population with incommensurate employment opportunities and
pressures of a more complex society, the incidences of human intrusion and burglaries and
crime in private and public places are on the increase. Heightened security concerns at homes,
banks, shopping malls, schools, offices, etc. have led to continued search for different and
improved security gadgets.
Such concerns are apparent in the form of installations of remote cameras, the presence of
security guards and other monitoring devices and alarm systems which are in constant use.
However, many such devices and services are relatively costly and usually require a high and
steady power supply for their operation). An infrared sensor security alarming system which has
been constructed and tested, offers the advantages of low cost and low power consumption in
its operation.
Not so long ago an alarm was a fairly rare sight, however now almost every house has an alarm
of some kind. One common kind of security system is an infrared home security system. These
are so popular because they are easy to install without having to drill holes and lay cables.
Infrared radiation is invisible to the human eye but can be detected by electronic devices
designed for such a purpose.
The sensors are set at the door (entrance point) and/or some supervised area and an alarm is
triggered when an intruder passes within its range of coverage to notify/alert the people/security
personnel.
Infrared science and technology has been, since the first applications, mainly dedicated to
security and surveillance especially in military field, besides specialized techniques in thermal
imaging for medical diagnostic and building structures and recently in energy savings and
aerospace context. Till recently the security applications were mainly based on thermal imaging
as surveillance and warning military systems. In all these applications the advent of room
temperature, more reliable due to the coolers avoidance, low cost, and, overall, completely
integrable with Silicon technology FPAs, especially designed and tailored for specific
applications, smart sensors, has really been impacted with revolutionary and new ideas and
system concepts in all the infrared fields, especially for security applications. Lastly, the advent
of reliable Infrared Solid State Laser Sources,
Third page-Theory(heading)
Principle of operation: The complete block diagram of the security alarming system is shown in
The regulated low voltage power supply produces 5 V for IR transmitter and receiver, amplifier,
switching circuit, trigger circuit (one shot multivibrator), driver circuit and buzzer (sounder).
The anode of the transmitter and receiver (detector) are connected to the 5 V power supply and
cathodes are connected to the ground. When the bias voltage is applied to the security alarm
circuit, the transmitter emits the Infra-Red ray (IR).
This ray receives the receiver (detector) and produced an output signal. The output signal of the
receiver is very weak to drive the buzzer and need to amplify. Then this signal is coupled to the
amplifier by a coupling capacitor. The amplifier amplifies the weak signal four times to operate
the output device (e.g., speaker).
Fourth page-Apparatus required(heading)
1. A 9V BATTERY
2. BATTERY CAP
3. ON-OFF SWITCH
4. PNP TRANSISTOR
5. INFRARED TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER
6. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
7. SMALL RESISTANCE
8. BUZZER
9. CONNECTING WIRE
Fifth page- Procedure required
1. CONNECT THE BATTERY TO THE SWITCH USING BATTERY CAP TO ON- OFF THE
POWER SUPPLY TO THE CIRCUIT.
2. CONNECT THE SWITCH TO A SMALL RESISTANCE WHICH WILL STOP UNEVEN
POWER SUPPLY.
3. THE CONNECT THE RESISTANCE TO INFRARED TRANSMITTER IN SERIES.
4. WHEN CURRENT WILL REACH THE TRANMITTER IT WILL SEND INFRARED RAYS
WHICH WE CANNOT SEE WITH NAKED EYES.
5. THE TRANSMITTER IS FORWARD BIASED AND THE RECEIVER IS REVERSE BIASED.
6. ON THE OTHER SIDE THE INFRARED RECEIVER WILL RECEIVE THE RAYS.
7. THE RECEIVER IS CONNECTED TO A PNP TRANSISTOR, THEN THE TRANSISTOR IS
CONNECTED TO THE BUZZER AND LED IN SERIES.
8. THE CIRCUIT IS COMPLETE WHEN THEIR IS SENDING AND RECEIVING OF IR RAYS.
9. WHENEVER THEIR IS INTERRUPTION BETWEEN IR RAYS TRANSISTOR AND
RECEIVER THE CURRENT STARTS FLOWING THROUGH THE TRANSISTOR THEN THE
BUZZER STARTS BEEPING AND THE LED STARTS GLOWING.
Sixth page- Result
INFRARED
SENSOR BASED SECURITY IS READY TO USE
WITH MODEL IMAGE
Seventh page-Precautions
1. CONNECTIONS SHOULD BE NEAT, CLEAN AND TIGHT.
2. RESISTORS OF SMALL RESISTANCE SHULD BE TAKEN.
3. WHILE COMPLETING THE CIRCUIT WE SHOULD REMEMBER OF CATHODE AND
ANODE TERMINAL OF LED, TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER.
[Link] THE COMPONENTS MUST BE CHECKED WHETHER THEY ARE WORKING OR NOT.
[Link] BETWEEN THE TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER SHOULD NOT BE MORE
THAN THE RANGE OF IR RAYS.
Eight page-Bibliography
[Link]
Circuit [Link]