7-Masayahin
Science: Group 5
“Natural Resources: Coal”
Introduction of Coal:
Coal is a crucial energy resource globally, primarily utilized for electricity generation and
industrial processes. Dating back millennia, its significance surged during the 18 th-century
Industrial Revolution, driving industrialization. Composed mainly of carbon, coal exists in
various forms, such as anthracite, bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignite, each with different
energy values.
Uses of Coal:
1. Electricity Generation: Burned to produce steam, driving turbines for electricity generation,
coal remains a reliable and affordable power source globally.
2. Industrial Processes: Utilized for heating and powering equipment in manufacturing and
cement industries.
3. Steel Production: As coke, coal is crucial in blast furnaces to produce steel, providing
necessary carbon and acting as a reducing agent.
4. Transportation: Coal-derived products like coke contribute to transportation fuels and
lubricants in automotive and aviation industries.
Advantages of Coal:
1. Abundance: Coal reserves are abundant and globally distributed, ensuring a stable energy
supply.
2. Cost-Effective: Relatively inexpensive compared to other sources, making it economically
viable for large-scale power generation.
3. Energy Density: High energy density enables efficient electricity generation and industrial
applications.
4. Versatility: Convertible into various energy forms, offering flexibility in energy production.
Disadvantages of Coal:
1. Pollution: Coal combustion releases greenhouse gases and particulate matter, contributing
to air pollution, acid rain, and climate change.
2. Resource Depletion: Finite reserves can deplete with continuous extraction.
3. Health Hazards: Mining and combustion pose health risks due to exposure to hazardous
substances and pollutants.
4. Environmental Impact: Operations can lead to habitat destruction, soil erosion, and water
pollution, impacting ecosystems.
Examples of Coal Productions in the Philippines:
1. Semirara Island, Antique: Hosts the largest coal mines operated by Semirara Mining and
Power Corporation, a significant contributor to national production.
2. Batan Island, Albay: Coal reserves mined by the Philippine National Oil Company (PNOC)
Exploration Corporation meet local demand in the Bicol Region.
3. Zamboanga Sibugay, Mindanao: Various companies mine coal for power generation and
industrial use in the region.
4. Sarangani, Mindanao: Investments support energy needs and national production.
Conclusion of Coal:
While coal has fueled industrialization, its usage poses health and environmental challenges.
Pursuing cleaner, renewable alternatives is vital for sustainable development. Technological
innovation, regulation, and responsible management can mitigate coal’s environmental
impact, paving the way for a more sustainable energy future.