Module 3
Module 3
Fundamentals of
Accountancy, Business
and Management 1
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Accounting Equation
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Team Leaders:
School Head : Marijoy B. Mendoza, EdD
LRMDS Coordinator : Karl Angelo R. Tabernero
Fundamentals of
Accountancy, Business
and Management 1
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Accounting Equation
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
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step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to
ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
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And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
This module was designed and written so that you will learn the basic tool of
accounting equation. It will also help you learn to solve problems by applying the
basic accounting equation (ABM_FABM11-IIIc-17-18).
What I Know
Directions: Read the statement carefully and write TRUE if the statement is correct
and FALSE if not. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
____________ 3. Assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity are the components of the
accounting equation.
____________ 6. There are three (3) elements that affect equity account.
____________ [Link] and liabilities increase when the business purchases supplies
on account.
___________10. If there is Php 500,000.00 worth of assets and Php 200,000.00 worth
of liabilities, then there is Php 300,000.00 worth of
owner's equity.
Lesson
Accounting Equation
1
Formulas and equations are important to solve a
certain mathematical problem not only in the fields of
Mathematics and Science but also in Accounting. Its
equation has two sides - the left and the right side. The
left side of the equation is the company’s assets and the
liabilities and equity are shown on the right side.
What’s In
Directions: Analyze the problem carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Hannah Mae Vista graduated as summa cum laude with the degree of B.S.
Accountancy and got her job through her brother’s recommendation. She has served
as an accountant on Vista Accounting Firm for three years. She has been very
passionate about her work since it was her dream to be an accountant. One day,
when she was doing the financial reports of the company, she noticed that the debit
and the credit sides were not balanced. She kept finding the errors but found none.
Unexpectedly, Hannah’s boss approached and told her that he got cash amounting
to Php 100,000.00 for personal use but he refused to record it as drawings or
withdrawals. Her boss wanted to record the Php 100,000.00 as expenses even though
it was used for his personal obligations.
Questions:
Rubrics
What’s New
Directions: Compute the missing amount in the equation. Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.
What Is It
A = L + OE
2. Liabilities are the financial obligation of a company that results in the company’s
future sacrifices of economic benefits to other businesses. Some of its examples
are loans and accounts payable.
3. Equity is the money that is bought by owners of the company for running the
business. It is the residual interest of the owners which means any asset left
after paying liabilities is the right of the owner of the business.
b. Withdrawal occurs when funds are removed from an account for personal
use.
c. Revenue is the total amount of income generated by the sale of goods or
services related to the company’s primary operations.
Here are the examples where you will see the effects of every transaction to the
major accounts.
July 1 – Sandy Dela Cruz started a catering service on July 1, 2020. She invested
Php 800,000.00 cash and car amounting to Php 200,000.00 which both
happened in the month of July.
July 2 – Sandy Dela Cruz borrowed Php 100,000.00 cash from Matagumpay
Bank for her business.
Assets Liabilities Owner's Equity
Cash Loans Payable
Php 100,000.00 Php 100,000.00
+ +
Payment of liability
July 20 – The account due to Masigasig Trucking Services was paid in cash.
The table summarizes the effects of these transactions on the accounting equation:
Date Assets
20 Php (55,000)
Balances Php 795,000.00 Php 200,000.00 Php 45,000.00 Php 55,000.00
Total Php 1,095,000.00
Balance
Accounts
July Payable Loans Dela Cruz Capital Other Account Title
Payable
1 Php 1,000,000.00
2 Php 100,000.00
7
15 Php 55,000.00
18 (Php5,000.00) Dela Cruz Drawings
20 (Php 55,000.00)
Balances Php 100,000.00 Php 0.00 Php 995,000.00
July 21 – Sandy Dela Cruz’s catering service was hired and Php 15,000.00 cash
was received from the customers.
July 22 – Gas and oil worth Php 500.00, and car repairs worth Php 1,000.00
were paid in a cash transaction.
July 24 – Dela Cruz’s catering service was hired again by a customer but this time,
the customer was not able to pay Dela Cruz on that day. Instead, she made a
promise to pay Php 16,000.00 on July 31 and August 15.
Accounts
Service Revenue
Receivable
Php 16,000.00
Php 16,000.00
+
+
July 27 – Another customer hired the catering service of Dela Cruz and received a
bill amounting to Php 20,000.00 and 50% of it was collected.
July 31 – Sandy Dela Cruz paid Php 10,000.00 for rental of office space, and
salaries of Php 9,000.00.
Assets Liabilities Owner's Equity
Cash
Php Salaries Expense
(19,000.00) Php (9,000.00)
(-) (-)
10
2 P 100,000.00 P 100,000.00
7 P (45,000.00) P 45,000.00
15 P 55,000.00 P 55,000.00
18 Dela Cruz,
P (5,000.00) P (5,000.00) Drawings
20 P (55,000.00) P (55,000.00)
Service
21 P 15,000.00 P 15,000.00 Revenue
Repair
P (1,000.00) P (1,000.00) Expense
24 P 16,000.00 Service
P 16,000.00 Revenue
25 Telephone
P (500.00) P (500.00)
Expense
27 P 10,000.00 Service
P 10,000.00 P 20,000.00 Revenue
30 P 8,000.00 (8,000.00)
31 Rent Expense
P (10,000.00) P (10,000.00)
Salaries
P (9,000.00) P (9,000.00) Expense
11
What’s More
Directions: For each transaction, tell whether the assets, liabilities, and equity will
increase, decrease, or have no effect. Write + for increase, (-) for
decrease, and NE for no effect. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.
3. The company
received cash from a
bank loan.
4. The company paid
the bank loan.
5. The company
purchased supplies on
a cash basis.
6. The owner
contributed her
personal computer to
the business.
7. The company
purchased equipment
on account.
8. The company
purchased a piece of
land with a down
payment and signed
note.
9. The owner bought
furniture for the
business on account.
10. The company
repaid its suppliers.
12
10. Pearl Trading Enterprise has assets of Php 800,500.00 and liabilities
of Php 450,000.00.
13
What I Can Do
Directions: Analyze the transactions of Kim as the owner of Chinita Girl Spa
Services. Record the transactions using a financial transaction
worksheet indicated on the next page. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
21 Chinita Girl Spa Services was hired. The cash of Php 10,000.00
was received from the customer.
22 Gas and oil worth Php 1,000.00 and equipment repairs worth
Php 1,000.00 were paid in a cash transaction.
30 She paid Php 5,000.00 for the office rental space and Php
4,000.00 for employees’ salaries.
14
OWNER’S
Date ASSETS LIABILITIES
EQUITY
Accounts Other
Loans Accounts Kim,
June Cash Furnitures Equipment Receivable Account
Payable Payable Capital Title
1
2
7
15
18
20
21
22
24
25
27
30
30
Bal.
Total
Balances
15
Assessment
Directions: Answer the questions that follow. Write the letter of your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.
4. Which refers to the remaining amount of the assets after paying all the
company’s liabilities?
A. revenues
B. owner’s equity
C. expenses
D. net profits
8. What would be the effect to the liabilities of the business after availing
loan from Panata Bank?
A. It remains the same.
B. It decreases.
C. It increases.
D. None of the above
10. The liabilities of Senshin’s Shop are Php 450,000 and his equity is
Php 780,000. What is the business' total assets?
A. Php 1,032,000
B. Php 1,320,000
C. Php 1,023,000
D. Php 1,230,000
17
Additional Activities
August1 – Mr. Cabiling invested Php 1, 000,000.00 cash for his business.
18
References
Anastacio, Ma. Flordeliza. 2011. Fundamentals Of Financial Management (With Industry Based
Perspective). Manila: Rex Book Store.
Gilbertson, Claudia. 2010. Fundamentals Of Accounting. 8th ed. Australia: Cengage Learning.
Padillo, Nicanor Jr. 2011. Financial Statements Preparation, Analysis And Interpretation. Manila: GIC
Enterprises.
Pefianco, Erlinda C. 1996. The Accounting Process: Principles And Problems. Makati: GoodWill Trading.
Teaching Guide For Senior High School, Fundamentals Of Accountancy, Business And Management 1..
2016. Quezon City: Commission on Higher Education.
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