UNIT III
BASIC CONCEPTS
ON MOVEMENT
COMPETENCY
INTRODUCTION
This unit highlights the importance of movement competency
for a better quality of life. It will begin by detailing the
importance of having physical literacy- a knowledge
provided by movement [Link] it will uncover
the factors that affect a person’s adherence to physical
activity.
What is the
Importance
of Physical
Literacy?
PHYSICAL LITERACY
Physical literacy is the bank of fundamental movement and sports
skills (this includes locomotion and object manipulation) an individual
has accumulated throughout their lifetime. This knowledge on how to
move the body in space with or without manipulating an object
enables an individual to have the physical competence and
confidence to engage in physical activities. More importantly, studies
have shown a person’s capability to perform fundamental movement
skills are crucial in participating in physical activities.
From 2001 sedentary lifestyle
and global obesity have been
identified by developed
countries as a crises that need
to be addressed.
Research have determined
physical literacy as one of the
solutions to these crises.
(Henderson, May, &
Hummer, 1989
People who are confident with
their fundamental movement
skills are more likely to
participate in active
recreational activities
throughout their life. Proficient
movers often have more self-
esteem and self-confidence
Movement education is the vehicle in acquiring these
fundamental of movement skills an individual need to
perform physical activities.
During the early years, students are first exposed the
themes and concepts of movement skills until they
eventually master it. These themes, and concepts are used
to help students gain a better understanding of the body’s
motion, and how to improve their ability to move in daily
activities.
As they progress in their schooling, students can then
improve their skills by utilizing this prior learning and
applying it into organized sporting contexts, or dance
recitals. Eventually as individuals become adults, they will
choose their leisure activities.
Movement
Education
MOVEMENT
EDUCATION
Movement education is all about laying the foundation of movement
concepts, skills and themes to students for them to utilize during
different contexts such as but not limited to, daily movement,
organized sports, and working environment. To establish this
foundation, the movement education approach uses a specific
framework for classifying movement and encourage learners to build
a movement vocabulary that they can apply to all subsequent
movement context.
Movement Eduation
Framework
Movement education is centered on themes and concepts. The goal is to expose people
to movement concepts from their early years and then spiral their skill until they
master the different combination of movement concepts.
Movement Concepts
Basic
Movements Fundamental Motor Skills
MOVEMENT
FRAMEWORK
WHEEL
Movement framework wheel is
used to combine movement
concepts and themes so that
students can explore, analyze
and apply the knowledge in
different contexts and
situations
M o v e m e n t c o n c e p t is the knowledge and
understanding of movement. It includes:
Space Relationship
Effort
Awareness
Effort is defined as the quality Relationships are the connections
Space Awareness explores where
with which the movement is that occur as the body moves—
the body is moving in space. Its
executed. It explores how the with objects, people, and the
themes are: Location, Direction,
body moves. Its themes are: environment. Its themes are: With
Levels and Pathways
Time, Force, Flow. or Without People
Fundamental motor skills- are of three categories.
Locomotor, Non-locomotor, and manipulative.
Locomotor Non-Locomotor Manipulative
Movements that move the body Executed on a fixed base of
Action skills that involve
from one place to another. This support such as bending and
controlling an object. This
includes, walking, running, stretching, twisting and turning,
includes throwing,
jumping, hopping, leaping, pushing and pulling, and swinging
catching, kicking and striking.
skipping, galloping, etc. and sway.
Factors that
Enhance or
Limits Body
Movements
FACTORS THAT ENHANCE
OR LIMIT BODY
MOVEMENT
The engagement in physical activities are also influenced by several
factors. Even if an individual can execute fundamental motor skills
proficiently, there are several factors that influence their engagement
in physical activities. Here are the list of factors that can encourage
us in doing physical activities or can discourage us from participating
in physical leisure activities.
Physiological
Factors This type of factor is
affected by our physical
body.
Example:
body composition, health,
physical fitness status.
This type of factor is affected by
our idea of self-concept, fear,
and/or anxiety.
Psychological
Factors
Sociological
This type of factor is affected
Factors by one’s perception of self in a
group context.
For example: being a
competitor, being with
teammates, the relationship of
the performer to the group,
desire for social mobility.
This type of factor is affected by
one’s access to physical facilities,
equipment, weather, and season.
Environmental
Factors
ASSESSMENT TASK
Give specific examples of each factors. Write your answers in 1/2 cross wise sop.
MOVEMENT
COMPETENCY
An individual’s ability to perform a coordinated movement
pattern, through a full range of motion in the absence of
pain or discomfort, with correct posture, joint alignment and
muscle coordination is called movement competency.
A person is said to have movement
competency when they can lift a 5
gallon of water and install them in a
water dispenser without injuring
themselves or being able to pick
Example:
something heavy from the floor with
the correct posture and body
mechanics. A person is deemed to
lack movement competency if they
perform suboptimal movements.
thoracic spine functional
independently and synergistically as
we perform different movement
patterns.
This implies that throughout the execution of the movement
pattern a deviation to the ideal posture, joint alignment and
muscle coordination happened. This performance of suboptimal
movements indicate muscle imbalances and restrictions at a joint-
Example:
a state that cause stress to one’s muscles, joints and soft tissues.
Without movement competency, a person is forced to compensate
and over time this could lead to poor health and performance.
Therefore, it is imperative that we understand how the ankle,
knee, shoulder joints, lumbar and thoracic spine functional
independently and synergistically as we perform different
movement patterns.
Debates on which movement patterns to use as tools to screen
movement competency were had.
Example:
According to the proposal of Giles (2011) in Tompsett, et al (2014),
foundational movement patterns seems to be a logical tool for the
assessment for movement competency.
This is because foundational movement patterns such as squat,
lunge, push, pull, hinge, brace and rotation are what underpins the
requirements for everyday movement and fundamental sports
skills.
Fundamental
Movement
Pattern
MOVEMENT #1: Squat
PATTERN
A squat is a movement pattern where you plant both
feet on the ground, then bend your legs lower your
body down while keeping your chest up and lower back
straight.
A squat is a crucial movement for infants to master on
their journey to independent locomotion. Squat is also
essential for sitting on a chair and picking an object
from the floor. The squat is trained to reinforce
mobility of the ankles, knees, hips and back, important
activities of daily living, sporting performance and
recreational activities.
MOVEMENT #1: Squat
PATTERN
The squat is performed as follows:
1. Start in an upright position with knees and hops at or near full
extension, feet approximately shoulder width apart.
2. Heels remain in contact with the floor and knees continue to
align with the toes
3. Descend until thighs are at least parallel to the ground or lower.
4. Gaze remain forward or up while neutral spine is maintained
until thighs are parallel to the ground. *natural kyphotic curve
may be observed during deep squats
5. Weight are distributed on both legs to maintain balance and
posterior-lateral hip alignment for
promoting equal muscle strength between hips.
MOVEMENT #2: Lunge
PATTERN
A lunge is single leg exercise movement that
requires one leg to step forward and bend
while the other leg remains stationary. An
example of a forward lunge is an exaggeration
of the movement involved in the gait cycle. A
lunge is essential in walking and climbing
stairs.
MOVEMENT #2: Lunge
PATTERN
The lunge is performed as follows:
1. Head, trunk and arms are controlled by the pelvis. This is
observed through the maintenance oF horizontal hip alignment
from the front.
2. Maintains balance over center of mass throughout the weight
transfer without the supporting leg flexing
3. The fixed foot must maintain is position on the floor and not
rotate in or out.
4. Front knee is in line with he small toes and over the ankle upon
landing, shin remains vertical
5. A successful lunge requires a smooth transition back to the
starting point.
MOVEMENT #3: Push
PATTERN
A pushing exercise requires pushing
external weight away from your body,
or your center of mass away from the
ground, like in a push up.
In daily living a push is required in
activities such as closing the door,
pushing a trolley or task fundamental
sports skill, etc.
MOVEMENT #3: Push
PATTERN
Push up is performed as follows:
1. Chest lowered until upper arms are positioned
at least 90 degrees in relation to the ground.
2. Neutral spine, head inline with the trunk and
vertebral column
3. Shoulders, spine and legs maintain a straight
line
4. Hands placed directly under shoulders, weight
even between hands.
MOVEMENT #4: Pull
PATTERN
A pulling motion is the opposite of a pushing
motion, in that you are pulling a weight
towards your body, or pulling your center
of mass toward an object, like in a pull up. A
pull can be seen in activities such as
climbing, striking, during occupational and
daily tasks.
MOVEMENT #5: Twist/Rotation
PATTERN
Twist or Rotation is the foundation of various forms
of locomotion, adapting the posture of the upper
body, increasing the range of upper limbs and
maintaining body balance during movement. Walking
is the most common locomotion movement that relies
heavily on adequate rotation between the upper limb
and the lower limbs. Activities that require adequate
rotation include rolling, sitting, standing, walking,
turning, reaching behind the body, stretching and
reversing a car.
MOVEMENT #5: Twist/Rotation
PATTERN
There are two primary types of twisting,
or rotational movements:(1) rotational
and (2) anti-rotational.
Rotational movements are the basic
twisting exercises, such as twisting to
throw a ball.
Anti-rotation are exercises where the
rotational movement is prevented, like in
a paloff press, or a single arm DB row.
MOVEMENT #6: Bend/Hinge
PATTERN
Bending is a movement pattern where
you bend your torso by hinging your
hips. Hip hinge mechanics are
commonly trained to strengthen the
lower back, hips and hamstrings. It is
beneficial for lower back rehabilitation
and sporting pursuits such as cycling,
equestrian and driving.
MOVEMENT #6: Bend/Hinge
PATTERN
Bend or Hinge is performed as follows:
1. Hinge at the hips to maintain neutral spine with
natural lordotic curve of the lumbar spine
2. Head remains in neutral alignment
3. Knees remain straight with no excessive
bending throughout the movement, but not
locked out during full extension
4. Weight is distributed evenly between the legs
to maintain balance
ASSESSMENT TASK
Think about a movement similarities between Foundational Movements, Sports and
Play Skills, and Activities of Daily Living. Write your answer at the back.
Fundamental Movement Sports & Play Skills Activities of Daily Living
Squat
Lunge
Push up
Pull up
Hinge
Rotation
SUMMARY
Throughout this unit, we highlighted the importance of having physical literacy to
the individual’s capacity to perform tasks of daily living and to execute the
fundamental motor skills necessary to play different recreational activities. We
looked into movement education and what concepts, skills and movement themes it
can impart an individual.
We also found out that besides impact of the presence or absence of fundamental
motor skills to an individual’s ability to perform varied physical activities, there are
other factors that limit or enhance a person’s adherence to physical activity. Finally,
we emphasized on the foundational movement patterns that an individual must have
movement competency on to have a good and pain-free execution of human
movement.
MOVEMENT
COMPETENCY
SCREEN
MATTHEW KRITZ, 2012
The Movement Competency Screen (MCS) is a simple tool that will provide
valuable information about an athlete’s movement ability and offer the
strength and conditioning professional programming solutions to ensure the
athlete’s movement competency can accommodate the desired training.
The objective of the movement competency screen (MCS) is to identify
which fundamental movement patterns can be aggressively loaded and
which require developmental attention.
The fundamental movement pattern that are evident in
activities of daily living and strength training program to
varying degrees are the squat pattern, lunge pattern,
upper body push pattern, upper body pull pattern, bend
pattern and single leg squat pattern.
The MCS is made up of five movements that provide the
athlete with an opportunity to demonstrate their movement
competency within each fundamental pattern. The MCS
movements are performed with body weight load and are
the squat, lunge-and-twist, bend-and-pull, push up and
single leg sweat.
PHYSICAL LITERACY
Physical literacy is the bank of fundamental movement and sports
skills (this includes locomotion and object manipulation) an individual
has accumulated throughout their lifetime. This knowledge on how to
move the body in space with or without manipulating an object
enables an individual to have the physical competence and
confidence to engage in physical activities. More importantly, studies
have shown a person’s capability to perform fundamental movement
skills are crucial in participating in physical activities.
Movement
Competency
Screen
(Exercises)
How to perform:
#1: Squat Perform a body weight squat with your fingertips on the side
of your head. Squat as low as you comfortably can.
Screening criteria:
HEAD: Centered
SHOULDERS: Held down away from the ears. Elbows should be
behind the ears throughout the squat
LUMBAR: Neutral throughout the squat
HIPS: Movement starts here, aligned and extension is obvious
KNEES: Stable, aligned with hips and feet
ANKLES / FEET: Aligned with the knees and hips. In contact
with the ground especially the heels at the bottom of the
squat and feet appear stable
DEPTH: Thighs parallel with the ground
BALANCE: Maintained
#2: Lunge & How to perform:
Cross your arms and place your hands on your shoulders with your
Twist elbows pointing straight ahead. Perform a forward lunge, then rotate
toward the forwarded knee. Just rotate towards the knee then return to
center and return to the standing position. Alternate legs with each rep.
Screening Criteria:
HEAD: Centered
SHOULDERS: Held down away from the ears, rotation occurs in the thoracic
region of the spine
LUMBAR: Neutral position, does not hyper extend during the lunge, does not
flex laterally during the twist, appears to be stable during rotation.
HIPS: Horizontally aligned, accommodating stance weight with obvious mobility
KNEES: Aligned with the shoulder, hip, and foot. Front and back leg in a 90
degree position.
ANKLES: Directly under the front knee and aligned with the back knee
FOOT: Heel of lead leg in contact with the floor, trail foot flexed and balanced
on forefoot
DEPTH: Lead thigh parallel with the ground
BALANCE: Maintained for each leg
How to perform:
#3: Push up MALE: Perform a standard push-up
FEMALE: Perform a modified push-up
Screening Criteria:
HEAD: Centered
SHOULDERS: Held down and away from the ears, hands
placed directly underneath shoulders, scapula in a good
position at the start, moving in a rhythmic motion
throughout the movement
LUMBAR: Neutral, does not extend or flex during
movement HIPS: Aligned with trunk and held stable
KNEES: Held stable
ANKLES: Aligned FEET: Aligned
DEPTH: Chest touches floor
BALANCE: Maintained
#4: Bend and How to perform:
Start with your arms stretched overhead. Bend forward allowing your arms to
Pull
drop underyour trunk. Pull your hands into your body as if you were holding
onto a bar and performing a bar rowing exercise. Return to the start position
with your arms stretched overhead.
Screening Criteria:
HEAD: Centered moves with trunk
SHOULDERS: Held down and away from the ears when arms are extended
overhead. Scapula remains in a good start position as the hands drop below
the torso to begin the pull. Scapula moves in a balanced and rhythmic motion
during pull with obvious protraction and retraction
LUMBAR: Neutral spine maintained during the bend. No flexion during the
bend or hyper extension during standing with arms overhead
HIPS: Bend is initiated here with no shifting left or right with pelvis position
maintained during the movement
KNEES: Aligned and not hyper extended
ANKLES: Aligned
FEET: Aligned
DEPTH: Trunk parallel to the ground
BALANCE: Maintained
#5: Single Leg How to perform:
Performant a single leg body weight squat with your fingertips
Squat on the side of your head and the non-stance leg positioned
behind the body. Squat as low as you comfortably can.
Screening Criteria:
HEAD: Centered
SHOULDERS: Held down away from the ears. Elbows held
behind the ears throughout the squat
LUMBAR: Neutral throughout the squat
HIPS: Movement starts here, aligned and extension is obvious
KNEES: Stable, aligned with the hip and foot
ANKLES: Aligned with the knee and hip
FEET: in contact with the ground especially the heel at the
bottom of the squat and appears stable
DEPTH: Thigh parallel to the ground
BALANCE: Maintained for each leg
PERFORMANCE TASK
Students in PE Uniform will execute the Movement Competency Screen. Number of
Repetitions and/or time to hold the exercise is indicated on the table below. The
rubrics below indicate the criteria for rating the student’s MCS PRETEST
performance. Performance will be done after Midterms week.
NOTE:
SEE VIDEO FOR
MOVEMENT PATTERN,
LINK TO BE GIVEN
BY INSTRUCTOR
THAT’S ALL FOR
THIS UNIT!
THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION!
Any questions?