FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev.

0 10-July-2020

Study Guide in TLE 5 HOME ECONOMICS AND LITERACY Module No.3

STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. 3

Caregiving
MODULE OVERVIEW

Caregiving is providing care assistance to a person who may be ill, disabled, or needs help
with his/her day-to-day activities. This may also refer to providing care for physical and emotional
needs of a family member or a friend at home. There are home for the aged which house of those
people for an immediate care from qualified caregivers who are paid for their services.

A caregiver is a person who provides assistance to any person who cannot live alone by
himself/herself due to some developmental, physical or physiological needs (Ilagan, 2013). The
services of a caregiver is important and his/her services can give assurance to the client that he/she
can still live healthy life with his/her cooperation. It is necessary for the caregiver to provide
compassion and patience which is equally important to the skills and techniques he/she must possess
in caring for the client.

MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of this module, the learners should be able to:

1. Identify caregiving tools, materials and equipment;

2. Perform calculation in administering medicine to the patient; and
3. Discuss occupational health and safety procedures in caregiving.

LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)

Information Sheet 3.1

Caregiving Tools, Materials and Equipment

One of the most important tasks of a caregiver is to make sure that he/she can identify and use the
appropriate tools, materials, equipment and paraphernalia that are applicable to the specific job. As a future
caregiver, being well-versed with the different tools and equipment will prepare you to be successful in the
health care profession someday.

For taking Vital Signs

• BP Apparatus Aneroid (Sphygmomanometer) – This is mercury-free aneroid unit which consists of

a cuff that can be applied with one hand for self-testing, a stethoscope that is built or attached, and a
bulb which inflates and deflates automatically with the data displayed. It has an easy-to-read gauge
which functions in any position.
• Stethoscope- This is an instrument used for listening to the action or beating of the heart with a
circular piece usually placed against the chest with tube leading to earpieces.
• Clinical thermometer – This is an instrument used for measuring body temperature which is made of
glass narrowing above the bulb so that the mercury column stays in position even when the
instrument is removed from the body.

For Cleaning, Washing and Ironing

• Bottle Sterilizer – This is used to sterilize bottles through boiling to destroy microorganism in
containers like feeding bottles.

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Study Guide in TLE 5 HOME ECONOMICS AND LITERACY Module No.3

• Baby Bath Tub – This is used for bathing infants especially those who ae not yet able to sit up on
their own. Some baby bath tubs are designed to allow the baby to recline while keeping his head from
out of the water.
• Bedpan – This is usually made up of metal, glass, or plastic used for toileting of a bedridden patient.
This can be used both for urinary and fecal discharge.
• Washing Machine – It is an electric appliance used for washing clothes and linen.
• Flat Iron or Clothes Iron – This is another appliance which is used to iron or press clothes, draperies
and other linen and used along with ironing board.
• Ironing Board – this is long, narrow padded board with collapsible supporting legs and used as a
working surface in ironing clothes and other linen.

For Meal Preparation

A caregiver must also have the knowledge and skills in preparing the food for his/her client or person
under his/her care. Meal preparation is very important as this affects the health and nutrition of the person,
especially the sic. Moreover, he/she must be familiar with the appropriate tools and equipment used in food
preparation.

• Food Processor – This is a multi-purpose tool which is used for chopping, shredding, and pureeing
food ingredients.
• Coffee maker – This is an electric countertop appliance which brews coffee automatically.
• Air Pot or Thermos – This is a storage vessels provided with insulation material which keeps its
contents hotter or cooler than its surrounding for a long period of time.
• Blender – It is an electric kitchen or laboratory appliance which is used to mix, make puree, or
emulsify food and other similar substances.
• Electric Can Opener – it is useful device in opening canned goods with ease, accuracy and safety.
• Knife – This is a cutting tools with an exposed cutting sharp edge used to cut or slice vegetables,
fruits, meat and other kinds of food.
• Kitchen Shears – These are useful in opening food packages, cutting tape or string of packed foods
or removing tags or labels from items.
• Chopping Board – This is used for cutting or chopping meat or vegetables and is made of flat,
wooden or plastic.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 2.1

Direction: Read each statement correctly. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Use your activity
notebook for your answer sheet.

1. In ironing some fabrics, which is the most important thing to check before you proceed to your
work?
a. Pockets to check if there are things inside
b. Pleats to be followed
c. Labels of garments to be ironed
d. Manufacturer of the garments

2. Which of the following is NOT the proper way of operating blender?

a. Plug the blender first before outing the blender onto the base.
b. Choose the setting appropriate for the specified task.
c. Operate the blender in a flat, dry place.
d. Assemble all parts of the blender before operating it.

3. Which instrument that is made of glass is used for measuring the body temperature?
a. Sphygmomanometer
b. Clinical thermometer
c. Stethoscope

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Study Guide in TLE 5 HOME ECONOMICS AND LITERACY Module No.3

d. Ear Thermometer

4. Wanda is a caregiver to a 4 month old baby. She is going to give bath to the baby first hour in the
morning. What does she need for the comfort and safety of the baby while giving her a bath?
a. A big basin
b. Towel
c. Big bath tub
d. Soap

5. Which of the following is needed to prepare a puree for the patient?

a. Air pot
b. Rice Cooker
c. Blender
d. Whisk

REFERENCES

Beeton , I. (2003) Household management. University of Adelaide Library

Pinnock , Michelle (2015) National Education Inspectorate (NEI) News Feed.
Trinny and Sussanah, (2010) The Body Shape, Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

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Study Guide in TLE 5 HOME ECONOMICS AND LITERACY Module No.3

Information Sheet 3.2

Performing Calculations

In this lesson you are expected to learn how to perform calculations related to administering medicine
to patients. You cannot afford to commit mistake here for that could mean life or death to a patient.
Performing Calculations

It is not enough that a caregiver identifies all the tools and materials in caregiving. He/she also has to learn how
to administer medicines to the patient. It is very important that the right amount of medicine is given to the patient. This a
great factor for the speedy recovery of the sick. Conversion form one unit to another when applicable in giving medicine
must be a part of the knowledge that the caregiver has to require.

The manner and system of measurement are part of our daily activities at home or in school. In organizing our
tasks, preparing our meals, we need to perform calculations to ensure that we do not put our lives at stake.

A review of our mathematical skill is necessary especially in the same administration of medicines to our patient.
The knowledge we have in ration and proportion shall be useful.

In administering the medicine , there are three measurement systems that are used in pharmacology: the
household measurement system, the metric system and the apothecary system.

For patients who are only at home and not in hospital, the household measurement system is usually used.
Teaspoon, drops, ounces, cups, pints, quart, gallons, and pounds are included as measurements used under the
household measurement system.

The apothecary measurement system has weight measurements like dram, ounce, grain (gr), scruple, and
pound. The volume units of measurement in the apothecary measurement system are fluid ounce, a pint, a minim, a fluid
dram, a quart and a gallon.

Unit Measurement Approximate Equivalent (S)

1 teaspoon 1 teaspoon = 60 drops
1 teaspoon = 5 mL
1 tablespoon 1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoon
1 tablespoon = 15 mL
1 fluid ounce 1 fluid ounce = 2 tablespoon
1 fluid ounce = 30 mL
1 ounce (weight) 16 ounces = 1 pound
1ounce = 30 g
1 cup 1 cup = 8 ounces
1 cup = 16 tablespoon
1 cup 240 mL
1 pint 1 pint = 2 cups
1 pint = 480 mL
1 quart 1 quart = 2 pints
1 quart = 4 cups
1 gallon 1 gallon = 4 quarts
1 gallon = 8 pints
1 gallon = 3, 785 mL
1 pound 1 pound = 16 ounces
1 pound = 480 grams

Calculating Pediatric Dosages for Oral Drugs

Application of the information in the previous lesson to calculate the amount of medicine to the patient will start
here. Always follow the physician’s order and drug labels, the methods of converting quantities from one unit of
measurement to another. If not sure about the tasks, always ask the assistance from somebody who may be senior to
you.

In dealing with pediatric patient, bear in mind that children are completely different from adults. An inaccurate
dosage may harm the child.

Administering Pediatric Oral Drugs

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Study Guide in TLE 5 HOME ECONOMICS AND LITERACY Module No.3

Tablets and capsules are hard to take by infants and young children, thus they are given liquid medicine. In some
cases where liquid medicines are not available, tablets may be crushed and mix just a little water. If it is mixed in a large
amount of water, the child may not be able to finish the liquid and therefore the entire dosage is not taken.

Materials Used I Giving Out Pediatric Oral Drugs

Cup ……………………………… Advisable for children

Dropper ……………………....... used for infant
Syringe …………………………. Used for infants
Spoon with hollow handle ….. Used for toddlers

Methods to Calculate Pediatric Doses

• Body Surface Area (BSA) Method

This is also called dosage-per-kilogram-of-body weight method. Physician usually use this because this
is the most accurate and safest method in calculating pediatric dose.

• Clark’s Rule
This method uses the weight of the child in calculating approximate dosage.

• Young’s Rule.
This is applicable to children who are two years of age and above.

• Fried’s Rule.
This is used to calculate doses for children who are two years and below.

Important Reminders in Calculating Doses:

• It is necessary to use calculator in solving equations.

• Verify from a drug handbook if in doubt, or call a pharmacist.
• Always keep a record of the patient’s weight in kilogram. This will keep you from weighing the patient all the time.

Occupational health and safety is the campaign and maintenance of the well-being of workers in every occupation.
This is to provide a safe working environment to achieve an injury-free workplace and a healthy atmosphere that protect
every worker against illness. These healthy and safety practices, in effect, may also protect co-workers, family members,
clients, and other members of the community who are affected by the workplace environment.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 3.1

LEARNING ACTIVITY 3.2

Direction: Exercise A. Covert the following u nits of measurement into another unit of measurement . Use your
activity notebook for your answer sheet.

1. 1 gallon = _______________ quartz

2. 1 pound= _______________ ounces
3. 1 pint = _______________ cups
4. 1 cup = _______________ tablespoons
5. 1 tablespoon = ___________ teaspoon

Exercise B. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. In calculating pediatric dose to children who are two years old and above, what method is advisable to use?
a. Young’s Rule
b. Body Surface Area (BSA) Method
c. Fried’s Rule
d. Ear Thermometer

2. To calculate dose when administering medicine, the Caregiver should consider the following EXCEPT one which
is the exception?

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Study Guide in TLE 5 HOME ECONOMICS AND LITERACY Module No.3

a. Use calculator in solving equations
b. Call a pharmacist for help.
c. Always keep a record of patient’s weight in kilogram
d. Give immediate medication because time is essence to save the patient.

3. Which method in calculating pediatric dose is usually used by Physician since this is the most accurate and
safety method?
a. Body Surface Area (BSA) Method
b. Clark’s Rule
c. Young’s Rule
d. Fried’s Rule

4. Ann is to administer pediatric oral drug to an infant who is two month old. Which best tool should she use?
a. Tablespoon
b. Cuo
c. Dropper
d. Spoon

5. Which is one of the best methods to calculate approximately pediatric dosage which uses the weight of the child?
a. Body Surface Area (BSA) Method
b. Clark’s Rule
c. Young’s Rule
d. Fried’s Rule

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