07/05/2023
Drug Discovery and
Development
Subject:Drug Discovery
Submitted by: R. GEETHANJALI
2ND YEAR, B. TECH PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY
GNANAMANI COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
Abstract
The Article aimed to give a personal perspective on Drug Discovery
and Development. Over the past few decades tremendous effort has
been put into developing agent to address the MultiDrug
Resistance(MDR) mechanisms. Lately the Pharmaceutical Industry is
under pressure owing to reduced output of new drugs, rising research
and development costs, current economic recession and Stricter
regulatory guidelines. This Chapter highlights the Future of Drug
Discovery particularly with reference to overcoming Drug resistance
and other related challenges by improving the efficiency of this
process
Introduction
The Decades of 1990's has yielded several blockbusted Drugs which
resulted in the advancement in Healthcare, quality of life and life
expectancy.
Lately, the Pharmaceutical Industry is undergoing unprecedented
transformation mostly due to reduced output of new Drugs, rising
research and development guidelines.
This puts burden on all Pharmaceutical companies for Innovation to
Increase their output of new drugs, improve efficiency and Boost R&D
productivity in a cost-effective manner .
Drug Discovery is Classical and Conventional . In the Past , Drugs were
discovered as Natural products and used as such. Now Drugs are
sculpted and brought into being by pharmocologists in air conditioned
labs
Drug Discovery and Development 2
New Drug Definition:(CDSCO)
Drug Discovery and Development is a long term, Competitive,
expensive and Complicated Process. Bringing the Drugs from the
bench to market, that is Screening and Identification of the Drugs to
introduction to the market.
The Process of Discovery and Developing a new Drug involves an
intricate interaction between investices industry, academics,
regulatory authorities, marketing and necessity to balance
confidentially with communication.
The Complete Process of Presenting a Drug to the patients involves
four Stages
Drug Discovery
Drug Development
Regulatory Review
Approval& Marketing
Drug Discovery
In the Drug Discovery Process,
The First step is to Identify an appropriate "Druggable" Target,
which can be biomolecules or a protein receptor that is especially
associate with disease conditions or pathology.
After Target has been Identified, the next step involves target
validation and confirmation of its role in disease progression. This is
followed by testing of the target against different several molecule
compounds to identify lead Compounds which can be interact with
target biomolecules and display the potential to qualify or show the
disease development.
This lead Compounds can be identified by screening a literally of
Compounds through various methods such as high throughout
Screening.
3
Drug Discovery Process
4
Drug Discovery
Candidate molecules are chosen on basis of their
pharmacological properties.
Preclinical Development
Non Human studies (Eg . Toxicity testing,
Pharmacokinetic Analysis and Formulation) are
performed.
Clinical Development
The Selected compound is tested for efficiency, side
effects and potential dangers in volunteers and
Patients.
5
Conclusion
The Drug Discovery and Development Process is a long and
Complicated Process.
Before any newly discovered drug is placed on Market , it must
undergo extensive testing.
Each Success is built on many prior failures.
Advances is understanding human biology and disease are
opening up exciting new possibilities for breakthrough
medicines.
At the same time, researches the great challenges in
understanding and applying these advances to treatment of
disease.
These possibilities will grow as our scientific knowledge
expands and becomes increasingly complex.