Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the different readings which deemed essential and correlated to the

present study.

Related Literature

These serve as links between readers and previous studies, addressing issues that have

already been established or concluded by other authors and researchers. Furthermore, it provides

an opportunity to appreciate the evidences that have already been collected and proven by

previous researchers and projects the current research work in the proper perspective.

Quipper School’s Effectiveness

Tracking results has traditionally been a tough task for educational institutions and

companies: data is often hard to access, and even harder to analyse. Well-established schools,

universities and even large organisations such as UNESCO run into difficulties proving the

results their learners achieve, since statistics such as graduation rate and grades aren’t always the

best indicator of success. The Efficacy Framework, launched by Pearson, is a direct response to

this, and is revolutionising how the industry evaluates learner outcomes. Inspired by the

combination of big data and increased teacher participation on cutting-edge platforms, the

Efficacy Framework asks questions to identify any barriers to delivering desired outcomes for

learners’. We take data and student outcome extremely seriously; the platform incorporates

detailed analytics, which allows both the teachers and the Quipper School team to amass data

and constantly revise the efficacy of the product. With over 500,000 users, Quipper School no

longer needs to rely on ‘experiments’, but can rely on accurate, real-time data. We also

announced that the Valenzuela City Science High School, after having used Quipper
School, recorded a 23% improvement in their National Achievement Test (NAT) results,

compared to those who did not use the platform. Roderick Francisco comments, ‘The success of

Quipper School is down to three things, in my opinion. Firstly, it’s so much fun that kids “play”

for longer, to collect coins, unlock new features, and compete socially with their friends!

Secondly, as a teacher, I have access to up-to-date analytics, and can give feedback quickly and

easily. Thirdly, students have real motivation to master the topic before moving on to the next-

it’s incredibly engaging for them. Whilst some question education industry’s reliance on exam

results as a measure of success, we recognise the importance of examinations on a student’s life

and future prospects. It’s not just about the exam, but the opportunities that good results will

open up (Quipper School, 2014).

When No one can go to school: does online learning meet students’ basic learning needs?
This study aimed to examine whether students’ basic learning needs could be met when

teaching and learning can only be conducted through online mode. The four basic learning needs

are arousal, autonomy, relatedness and competence, which were used as the theoretical

framework for this study. In addition, the basic learning needs of autonomy and competence

were met through online learning but not the need of relatedness. Autonomy was found to have

direct relationship with competence but not relatedness nor there needs any relationship between

arousal and other learning. It was so found that positive and adequate negative arousal could

serve as a catalyst to facilitate effective online learning (Wong, 2020).

Quipper School: E-learning system to enhance education

For the past two years, e-learning service provider Quipper has been in the forefront of

advancing the learning level of Filipino students through tools employing information and

communications technology. It has also helped teachers use instruction methods that inspire
students to learn even their most disliked subjects. Quipper Philippines Marketing Manager

Seleena Kate Male said, “As of September 2015, our expanding user base across the country

accounted for about 1,400 schools in 165 divisions of the DepEd across the archipelago currently

benefiting from the services of Quipper. From these, we have forged official partnerships with

310 schools in 31 divisions. On a monthly basis, almost 200,000 students are actively enjoying

their learning through our platform.” As the company’s flagship service, Quipper School

operates as a free e-learning platform for teachers in educating more than 2 million pupils in the

Philippines, Indonesia and Mexico. Through it, educators can manage multiple classes through a

customized dashboard; send and schedule their assignments; and assess their students’ individual

performances. Quipper School is custom fitted for local students and teachers, using the national

language in a particular country as the medium of instruction and adapting the teaching method

and educational system in each country as the base of learning (Campos, 2016).

The Effects of Technology on Online Education

As new technologies become more commonplace in the support of instruction, new

questions are being raised concerning the effectiveness of traditional pedagogical methods and

learning environments. Traditionally, distance education became synonymous with

correspondence courses. Today, however the designer of online learning programs has a myriad

of choices ranging from synchronous to asynchronous delivery systems. In addition, research on

the effects of distance learning systems has traditionally focused on student outcomes. Given the

complexities of online education, research into this new domain of instructional delivery should

take a variety of forms and seek to answer a wide range of questions. This article illustrates the

need for greater complexity in basic research on online education programs by exploring the

effects of two different delivery technologies on the nature of interaction (Ahern & Repman,

2014).
Keeping all children learning during the pandemic
Remote learning has not proven to be the panacea, or a viable alternative, to face-to-face

schooling, but it has shown incredible promise as a complement to face-to-face teaching in

future, and as an alternative for those who are unable to attend school. There is endless potential

in reimagining education, but also many challenges to overcome, which can only be done in

partnership. Countries are already responding to this challenge. For example in Bhutan, UNICEF

supported the education ministry to print the lessons broadcast on television into self-

instructional materials and distribute them nationwide, so that children with no access to low-

tech remote learning modalities can continue learning.

As the leading agency for children, UNICEF is committed to supporting governments in

the eight South Asian countries to address the risks of learning loss and its potentially profound

socio-political and economic impact on families, communities and societies. UNICEF is

collaborating with national governments and other partners to develop contingency plans for

future phases of the COVID-19 response to prevent learning loss. UNICEF is also supporting

governments to budget and rollout essential learning packages to meet learning needs during

continued school closures. Urgent, pragmatic solutions which reach all children are required

now. The same solutions can also bridge the gap between emergency efforts to build back better

and indeed re-imagine education for future generations. Solutions need to build on what is

currently available and build upon how children and youth in the region have been learning.

Failure to act soon can be catastrophic and millions of children may never return back to learning

(Ackers, Capelle, Coursac, 2021).

Related Studies
Quipper School puts teachers at the heart of the education experience, but ultimately, it’s

all for the benefit of their students. Whilst e-learning makes the teaching experience simpler,
more efficient, and more meaningful through the use of digital technologies, the biggest

beneficiaries are the students themselves. Quipper School’s aim is to empower teachers to help

their students, by combining quality learning content with an advanced online platform. Over a

quarter of a million students from all across the globe are benefitting from this digital revolution,

and it seems that Quipper’s ambitious spirit is catching amongst students (Quipper, 2014).

Through the use of Quipper classes are be able to run well even inside our home. The inclusion

of using Quipper has been a widespread in all schools and universities around the world.

A Study of the Use of Quipper School in History Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic
Era
Covid-19 pandemic has brought challenges in the process of history learning in senior

high schools. As a result of social distancing and work from home policies, online learning

platform is needed in order to make learning process at home run well, one of which is by using

Quipper School application. The use of Quipper School application is one of the solutions so that

the process of history learning at home can be carried out well and efficient during the Covid-19

pandemic. This study aims to determine the use of Quipper School in history learning during the

Covid-19 era. The method used in this study is analytical descriptive method through

literature review. The results obtained showed that Quipper School application has a positive

impact when it is used in the process of history learning at home for students who are at senior

high school level. The Quipper School application offers an innovative way of learning where

the teacher can manage assignments and homework more effectively so that the teacher can

also recognize the strengths and weaknesses of students in capturing a given learning

[Link]-19 pandemic has brought challenges in the process of history learning in senior

high schools. As a result of social distancing and work from home policies, online learning
platform is needed in order to make learning process at home run well, one of which is by using

Quipper School application.

The use of Quipper School application is one of the solutions so that the process of

history learning at home can be carried out well and efficient during the Covid-19 pandemic.

This study aims to determine the use of Quipper School in history learning during the Covid-19

era. The method used in this study is analytical descriptive method through literature

review. The results obtained showed that Quipper School application has a positive impact when

it is used in the process of history learning at home for students who are at senior high school

level. The Quipper School application offers an innovative way of learning where the teacher

can manage assignments and homework more effectively so that the teacher can also recognize

the strengths and weaknesses of students in capturing a given learning topic

Covid-19 pandemic has brought challenges in the process of history learning in senior

high schools. As a result of social distancing and work from home policies, online learning

platform is needed in order to make learning process at home run well, one of which is by using

Quipper School Application. The use of Quipper School application is one of the solutions so

that the process of history learning at home can be carried out well and efficient during the

COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the use of Quipper School in history

learning during the COVID-19 era. The method used in this study is analytical descriptive

method through literature review. The result obtained showed that Quipper School application

has a positive impact when it is used in the process of history learning at home for students who

are at senior high school level. The Quipper School Application offers an innovative way of

learning where the teacher can manage assignments and homework more effectively so that the
teacher can also recognize the strengths and weaknesses of students in capturing a given learning

topic (Sastranegara, Suryo, Setiawan, 2020).

Students’ Perceptions toward the Implementation of Quipper School as an E-Learning

Platform in Teaching English
The students’ perceptions in implementing Quipper School as an e- learning platform in

teaching English and to know the advantages and disadvantages of it. A depth information

appear to be as important to gain more information and continuous responses to explore the

advantages and disadvantages of implementing quipper school that have been undertaken by

interviewing the students. The findings revealed that the students are comfortable learning with

technology and also prefer to use IT. More significantly, the advantages of quipper school keep

interaction between teacher and student in and out of the classroom, students still get lesson or

review the material even though the teacher is not present in the classroom, and enhances

students’ learning experiences using new learning system. Besides, quipper school also has

disadvantages when it is applied in learning process, such as unstable internet connections,

limited facilities (computer) that support learning by using quipper school, and there was no

speaking material which it could be implemented in quipper school. It can be noted today

learning and teaching can benefit from using quipper school in teaching English, students still

get a lesson even though the teacher is not present to provide direct instruction and students can

improve their achievement in learning English by reviewing the material wherever and whenever

they are (Septinawati et al, 2020).

Using Quipper as an Online Platform for taching and learning as a foreign language
This paper evaluates the affordability of Quipper as an online platform for teaching and

learning English as a foreign language (EFL). It focuses on the extent to which features available

in Quipper may correspond to fundamental components of Computer-Assisted Language

Learning (CALL) pedagogy, as suggested by Chapelle (2003), including L2-input exposure,

interaction and linguistic production. The evaluation results indicate that Quipper is affordable

for use as an online teaching and learning EFL platform. More importantly, it corresponds to the

three conditions of CALL pedagogy, thus making it a potential aid for activities used in teaching

and learning foreign language (Mulyono, 2016).

Quipper School and Its Effectiveness in the Academic Performance of Grade 8 Students in
English

Once a lesson is taught in a way students enjoy it through the techniques and strategies

that students want it the most, learning takes place. Teaching lessons using the traditional

method is one of the things that hinders students’ interest and participation. To address the

difficulty faced by the teachers and students, Educators thought of using innovative way with the

aid of technology in teaching through the use of Quipper School Philippines to make every

student learn and meet the skills and competencies before going to the next quarter or next grade

level. Additionally, Francisco (2014) suggested that teachers should use Quipper School to

vary their instructional strategies. Students learn in different ways and Quipper School offers a

fun way of online learning. All the paper works is lessened through electronic grading

and you can create a class and assignments in a flash! This will definitely save time and

effort on the part of the teacher and the students. Furthermore, the use of Quipper School is free.

It is one interactive way of e-learning (Viray, 2016).

The Effectiveness of Blended Method with Quipper in the Teaching of T.L.E. – ICT to
Grade 9 Students
The study was used to determine the effectiveness of Blended Method by using the

Quipper Application in teaching ICT subjects. Blended learning refers to learning models that

combine traditional classroom practice together with e-learning solutions. Quipper Philippines
has partnered with the Department of Education in order to provide teachers with a platform

where they can access a content library and to be able to send ready-made lessons, quizzes,

exams and to provide real-time data on student performance. This study utilized the purposive

sampling method. Two grade 9 sections were used, one to be the control group and the other as

the uncontrolled group. The dependent variables were the performance result of the post-tests of

both the traditional class and the class where blended method using Quipper was administered.

The result was then determined whether the traditional method of teaching can stay as is and be

used by teachers in delivering their lessons or if technology will have an effect in it, thus an

action plan will be developed. The weighted mean and t-test was the statistical treatment used to

answer the sub problems. The use of Blended Method by using Quipper Application is indeed an

effective tool to be used in teaching T.L.E. - ICT for grade 9 students. Their performance and

scores in the pre-test and post-test had greatly improved using Blended Method (Felstead, 2020).

Insights Learned from the Related Literatures and Related Studies

The evolution of Online Classes has many benefits to students performance in this time

of pandemic. Access to education requires technology which makes it easy mainly adults who try

to go back to universities and acquire new information. Online learning is an approach to the

teaching and learning process and in online education, internet technologies as they play vital

role in education are utilized for both communication and collaboration in an educational

institute.

The use of Quipper School have had helped the teachers and students to achieve much

efficient and productive discussion and learning thru virtual. There are thousands of ed-tech

companies who introduced different kinds of Educational Applications but they are having a

hard time to track the results. Tracking results has traditionally been a tough task for educational

institutions and companies: data is often hard to access, and even harder to analyse. The platform
incorporates detailed analytics, which allows both the teachers and the Quipper School team to

amass data and constantly revise the efficacy of the product. Other reason why Quipper School

is a good choice for e-learning because it’s free! With just few clicks, you can access various

online learning sites. A teacher can get hold of student’s performance and evaluations without

marking a paper or lifting a pen. Quipper offers a simple setup to allow the teacher to “get the

hang of it” in just a matter of minutes. He or she can even collaborate with other teachers and

send messages to parents about their kid’s progress in learning.