NSTP (CITIZENSHIP TRAINING): MODULE 1 Development Authority.

There have been several legal precedents to the National

Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001. These include:
LESSON 1: HISTORICAL AND LEGAL BASES OF NSTP
• Commonwealth Act No. 1
Meaning of Service Commonwealth Act No. 1, otherwise known as the "National Defense Act of 1935", was
• it is doing something for the benefit of others. enacted by the National Assembly of the Philippineson 21 December 1935. It provided
• the action of helping or doing work for someone. for Obligatory military service for all male citizens of ages between 18 and 30.
• it can be VOLUNTARY.
• Presidential Decree No. 1706
The Traditional Filipino Service Presidential Decree No. 1706, otherwise known as the "National Service Law", was
BAYANIHAN - This tradition among Filipinos shows community participation, signed into law on 8 August 1980. It made national service obligatory for all Filipino
democracy and cooperation. It may be for the benefit of an individual member of the citizens and specified three categories of national service: civic welfare service, law
community or the community as a whole. enforcement service and military service.
Spanish Colonial Administration • Republic Act 7077
Polos y servicios – During the Spanish period, these policy or practice were used to Republic Act 7077, otherwise known as the "Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines
compel the Filipinos to work in public works. The polistas constructed churches, casas Reservist Act", was enacted by the 8 the Congress of the Philippines on 27 June 1991.
reales, roads, and built or repaired ships. Able-bodied men 16-60 years of age were The Reservist Act provided for organization, training and utilization of reservists,
obliged to render services as polistas. referred to in the Act as "Citizen Soldiers". The primary pool of manpower for the
reservist organization are graduates of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps basic and
The Constitutional Mandate advance courses.
The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the people. The
Governmentmay call upon the people to defend the State and, in fulfillment thereof, all LESSON 2 - PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION, PREAMBLE AND BILL OF RIGHTS
citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal military
or civil service. (1987 Constitution, Article 2, Section 4)
Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution
“We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a
The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall just and humane society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and
promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure
shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement ourselves and posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of
in public and civic affairs. (1987 Constitution, Article 2, Section 13) Through the above law and regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and
legal provisions, national service comes into existence specifically NSTP promulgate this constitution”.

The National Service Training Program (NSTP), is a civic education and defense Bill of Rights (from Article III of 1987 Phil. Constitution)
preparedness program students instituted by the Government of the Philippines on 5 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor
January 2000 by virtue of Republic Act9163, otherwise known as the "National Service shall any person
Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001." be denied the equal protection of the laws.

Under the NSTP Program, both male and female college students of any baccalaureate 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects
degree course or technical vocational course in public or private educational institutions against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose
are obliged to undergo one of three program components for an academic period of two shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue upon probable
semesters. The students, however, are free to choose which particular program cause to be determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or
component to take. The three affirmation of the complaint and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly
NSTP Program components are: describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.
• Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)
This program component is designed to provide students with activities contributory to 3. The privacy of communication and correspondence shall ne inviolable except upon
the general welfare and betterment of life of the members of the community especially lawful order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise asprescribed
those developed to improve social welfare services. by law.
• Literacy Training Service (LTS)
This program component is designed to train students in teaching literacy and numeracy 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press,
skills to schoolchildren and out-of-school youths. The hope is to continue learning on a or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the Government for redress
peer - to - peer interaction. of grievances. BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 – CWTS/LTS
• Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC)
This program component is designed to provide military education and training for 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free
students to mobilize them for national defense preparedness. This is also a glimpse for exercise thereof.
young people to see how military life is and encourage them into service.
Graduates of the ROTC program component are organized into the Citizen Armed Force, 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law
while graduates of the LTS and CWTS program components are organized into the shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court.
National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC) administered by the Department of National
Defense, the Commission on Higher Education and Technical Education and Skills
7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be 4. To uphold the constitution and obey laws. Since the constitution is the expression
recognized. of the sovereign will of our people.
5. To cooperate with duly constituted authorities.
8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to 6. To exercise rights responsible and with due regard for the rights of others.
form unions, association, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be 7. To engage in gainful work. Every citizen must consider his own responsibility and
abridged. should strive to become a useful and productive member of society to assure not only
himself but, more importantly, his family a lot worthy of human dignity. Every citizen
9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. should bear in mind that only hard and sustained work can mend anations live and
survive.
10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed. 8. To register and vote. It is through suffrage that the will of the people is expressed.
The quality of public officials and the policies of government, the success or failure of
11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial and adequate legal assistance shall not government depend, directly and indirectly, upon the voters. Voters must be
be denied to any person by reason of poverty. discriminating in evaluating the credentials of candidates and not be satisfied with only
their physical attributes and data.
12. Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right
to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent DUTIES AND RIGHTS OF THE FILIPINO PEOPLE
counsel preferably of his own choice. 1. Duties of the People
The people of the Philippine Republic must understand that they have certain duties or
13. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of habeas obligations to perform. These duties are the price of freedom and of the rights which
corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required. people enjoy
a. to vote honestly and wisely
14. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law. b. to obey the laws of the land
c. to respect public authority
15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of d. to be loyal to the Republic
invasion or rebellion when the public safety requires it. e. to defend the Motherland
f. to pay taxes to the government
16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all g. to take active interest in local, national and international affairs
judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.
2. Rights of the People
17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. a. Natural rights – rights conferred upon human beings by God which cannot be taken
away
18. No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations. Example: right to life, right to love, right to marry
b. Civil rights – rights granted by the State for the promotion of common welfare of
19. Excessive fine shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment individual citizens
inflicted. Neither shall death penalty be imposed, unless for compelling reasons involving Example: right to own property, right to seek justice in the courts
heinous crime, the Congress hereafter provide for it. c. Political rights – rights conferred by the state to the people so that they may
participate in government
20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax. 21. No person Example: right to citizenship, right to suffrage, freedom of speech
shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. 22. No ex post facto d. Constitutional rights – rights recognized and protected by the constitution and part of
law or bill of attainder shall be enacted. the fundamental law of the land
Example: freedom from slavery, freedom to choose one’s residence
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF FILIPINO CITIZENS e. Statutory rights – rights conferred by statutes or law promulgated by a lawmaking
Among others, the more important duties and obligations of every citizen in a democratic body and can be abolished by the same body
society are the following: Example: right to inherit property, right to minimum wage, right to go to strike for
higher wages
1. To be loyal to the Republic. This means faith and confidence in the Republic and
love and devotion to the country. The citizen must be proud of his country, its custom, LESSON 3 - UNITED NATIONS PRINCIPLES ON HUMAN RIGHTS
traditions, language, and institution. He must share in its glories and feel sad in its
misfortunes. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
2. To defend the state. Since the citizens of the Republic receive benefits and The issue of human rights remains relevant as of this day. Every individual is entitled to
protection from the State of which they are apart, in return, it is their primary and his rights in consonance with the existing laws and policies of his ethnicity. In 1948, the
honorable duty to defend it against any peril, whether from within or from without. United Nations General Assembly adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of
3. To contribute to the development and welfare of the State. This should be the Human Rights which was translated into 360 languages – the most translated document
concern of every citizen for he will be the first to enjoy the benefits thereof. He can in the world. Although the declaration does not guarantee that no human rights abuse
contribute to the development and welfare of the state by paying taxes willingly and will happen, it serves as guide to every country in crafting their laws and policies
promptly, by cooperating in its activities and projects such as the preservation of peace concerning human rights. It is composed of thirty articles from which the world based its
and order, conservation of the natural resources and the promotion of social justice by decision to discern what is right and what is wrong.
patronizing local products and trades and by engaging in the productive work.
Thus, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is defined as a common standard of guarantees necessary for his defense. No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on
achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national
organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be
education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.
measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition Article 12 - No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family,
and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honor and reputation. Everyone has the
peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
Article 13- Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the
Preamble borders of each State. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own,
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all and to return to his country.
members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the Article 14- Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from
world, persecution. This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising
Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts from non- political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the
which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which United Nations.
human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want Article 15 – Everyone has the right to a nationality. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived
has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people, of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.
Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to Article 16 – Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or
rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights
rule of law, as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution. Marriage shall be entered into
Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations, only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. The family is the natural and
Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the Article 17 – (1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association
equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and with others. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
better standards of life in larger freedom, Article 18 – Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this
Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in
United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in
and fundamental freedoms, teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest Article 19 – Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right
importance for the full realization of this pledge. includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart
information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
Article 1 - All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are Article 20 – Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. No
endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of one may be compelled to belong to an association.
brotherhood. Article 21 – (1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country,
Article 2 - Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in the Declaration, directly or through freely chosen representatives. (2) Everyone has the right to equal
without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or access to public service in his country. (3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the
other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections
distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by
status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, equivalent free voting procedures.
trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. Article 22 – Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is
Article 3 - Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. entitled to realization, through national effort and international cooperation and in
Article 4 - No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social
be prohibited in all their forms. and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his
Article 5 - No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading personality.
treatment or punishment. Article 23 – (1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and
Article 6 - Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. favorable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. (2) Everyone,
Article 7 - All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work. (3) Everyone who
equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any works has the right to just and favorable remuneration ensuring for himself and his
discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other
discrimination. means of social protection. (4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions
Article 8 - Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national for the protection of his interests. Article 24 – Everyone has the right to rest and leisure,
tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
law. Article 25 – (1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and
Article 9 - No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. wellbeing of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care
Article 10 – Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment,
independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances
and of any criminal charge against him. beyond his control. (2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and
Article 11- Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social
until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the protection.
Article 26 – (1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in way in which it should be displayed and folded. The Philippine national flag is said to be
the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. the primary symbol of the nation’s camaraderie, sovereignty, solidarity and unity. It is
Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher therefore, the symbol of nationalism and patriotism in our country.
education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. (2) Education shall be
directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of Flag History
respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, The national flag of the Philippine is a horizontal bicolor with equal bands of blue and
tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further red, and white equilateral triangle based at the hoist side, at the center of the triangle is
the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. (3) Parents have a a golden yellow sun with eight primary rays (which signifies eight provinces) each
prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children. containing three individual rays; and at each corner of the triangle is a five-pointed
Article 27 – (1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the golden yellow stat. The sun with eight rays in the Philippine flag represents the first
community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. (2) eight provinces (Manila, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Laguna, Batangas and
Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting Cavite) that revolt and fought for independence from the Spanish rule.
from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author. The flag was conceptualized by Emilio Aguinaldo. The first flag was sewn in Hongkong
Article 28 – Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights by Marcela Agoncillo, her daughter Lorenza, and Dona Delfina Herbosa de Natividad,
and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized. niece of Jose Rizal. The flag is displayed with the bluefield on the top in times of peace,
Article 29 – (1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full and with red field on top in times of war. The flag is unique in the sense that it can
development of his personality is possible. (2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, indicate a state of war when the red field is displayed on top or on the observer’s left
everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the when the flag is displayed vertically, with the white equilateral triangle at the top end.
purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others
and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in Flag Construction
a democratic society. (3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary The flag’s length is twice its width, which translate into an aspect ratio of 1:2. The length
to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. of all sides of the white triangle is equal to the width of the flag. Each star is oriented in
Article 30 - Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, such manner that one of its tips points towards the vertex at which it is located.
group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the
destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein. Flag Protocol
The flag should be displayed in all government buildings, official residence, public
Issues of Human Rights in the Philippines plazas, and schools every day throughout the year. The days of the 28th of May (national
1. Philippine War – Drug Campaign - human rights groups and activists are accusing Flag day) and 12th of June 9Independence day) are designated as flag days, during
the Duterte government of extra-judicial killings. which all offices, agencies and instrumentalities of government, business establishments,
2. Death Penalty – many representatives filed bills seeking to reinstate the Death institutions of learning and private homes are enjoined to display the flag. In Section 9 of
Penalty which were strongly opposed by the Catholic Church RA 8491, the Philippine flag must be permanently hoisted and illuminated at night at the
3. Lowering the Age of Criminal Liability – the constitution provides that children are following locations:
18 years below. Lowering the criminal liability is a violation of children’s rights. 1. Malacaňang Palace,
4. Freedom of Expression – the closure of ABS-CBN and veteran journalist Maria 2. The Congress of the Philippine buildings (Senate and House of Representatives)
Ressa were categorized by their supporters as violation of human rights. 3. Supreme Court of the Philippine Building
5. Rights of the members of the LGBTI Community – the controversial SOGIE Bill 4. The Rizal Monument
divided the opinions of Filipinos about human rights. 5. Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite
6. Barasain Shrine in Malolos, Bulacan
Additional Information of the Human Rights in the Philippines 7. Tomb of theUnknown Soldiers in La Union, Libingan ng mgaBayani in Makati)
1. Human rights can be classified as individual, collective, civil, political, economic, 8. Mauseleo de losVeteranos de la Revolucion
social and cultural. 9. All international ports of entry
2. Article III of the 1987 Constitution also called as the Bill of Rights provides Filipino 10. All other places as may be designated by the National Historical Commission of the
citizen’s rights, protection and privileges. Philippines (NHCP).
3. In 2014, nearly 75,000 people filed for recognition as victims of human rights
violations during the implementation of the Martial Law. Half-mast
The flag may be flown at half-mast as a sign or mourning. Upon the official
announcement of the death of the president or a former President, the flag should be
flown at half-mast for 10 days. The flag should be flown at half-mast for seven (7) days
LESSON 4 - FLAG HERALDIC CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
following the death of the Vice President, the Chief Justice, the president of the Senate
Salient Feature of RA No. 8491 of 2002 (Flag and Heraldic Code of the
or the speaker of the House of the Representatives.
Philippines) Philippine Flag
The flag may also be required to fly at half-mast upon the death of other persons to be
Our national flag is the symbol of our country. It shows our unity as a people. It stands
determined by the NHCP, for a period less than seven days. The flag shall be flown at
for our high
half mast on all the buildings and places where the decedent was holding office, on the
ideals and noble heritage. Therefore, when you show respect for the flag, you also show
day of death until the day of interment of an incumbent member of the Supreme Court,
respect for our
the Cabinet, the Senate or the House of Representative, and such other persons as may
country and people. One way to show respect is to handle the flag properly.
be determined by the NHCP.
A flag is a sacred and respected feature of the nation which it represents. Each nation’s
flag has a specific
When flown at half-mast, the flag should be first hoisted to the peak for a moment then We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a
lowered to the half-mast position. It should be raised to the peak again before it is just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and
lowered for the day. aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure
to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the
rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain
and promulgate this Constitution.

Citizenship
Citizenship is a term denoting membership of a citizen in a political society, which
membership implies, reciprocally, a duty of allegiance on the part member and duty of
protection on the part of the State.
Citizen
Folding the Flag A citizen is a person having the title of citizenship. He is a member of a democratic
1. Hold the flag at each of its four corners and pull it taut. The folder holds the corners community who enjoys a full civil and political rights and its accorded protection inside
at the end with the blue and red fields. and outside the territory of the State.
2. Fold the flag in half, lengthwise, with red field covering the blue field. Pull it taut
again making sure the open side’s edges are flush with one another. Article IV, Section 1 of the 1987 Constitution identifies the following as citizens of the
3. Fold it in half again, the closed side over the open side, again maintaining the Philippines:
flattening tension and parallel, flush edges on the open side. The blue field should now 1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of said
be displayed face up. Constitution;
4. Take the closed side’s blue field corner and fold it over the open side such that what 2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines; those born before
was the bottom edge is now parallel and flush with open side forming a right triangle January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine Citizenship upon reaching
(with 900). the age of majority; and
5. At the right angle, fold the flag again such that a new right triangle is formed, still 3. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.
keeping the open edges parallel.
6. Fold the right –angled corner of the new triangle over such that it forms a new right Great ideal in the life of every citizen
triangle with what had been the bottom edge now flush with the side of the flag below it. The greatest ideal in the life of every citizen must be patriotism or love of country. This
7. Continue this sequence of folds creating right triangle until the flag is completely achieved through the exercise the positive nationalism and the defense of our
folded into right triangle bundle. The white field and yellow sun should now predominate sovereignty when it is threatened by outside and inside forces.
in the visible areas of the flag. Prohibited Acts in Section 34 of RA 8491, the flag cannot Next to loyalty to God is loyalty to country which is sealed by a pledge of allegiance such
be used in the following rationales: loyalty is neither through compulsion of force, as motivated by certain material
1. Defacing or ridiculing the flag by dipping the flag as a salute, or adding additional considerations.
marks on the flag;
2. As a drapery, festoon, tablecloth, a covering, or as part of a costume or a uniform; Filipino citizen’s loyalty
3. As a trademark or for commercial or agricultural labels or designs; As a citizen, we have several objects of loyalty in our country, superiors or duly
4. As part of merchandise or in any advertisement or infomercial; and constituted authorities, principle, our flag, our word of honor.
5. As a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor vehicles. Filipino may differ in physical features but they are bound by their love for the country
they call their own. They are proud of the cultural heritage and prouder still to belong to
Other Rules on the Display of the Philippine Flag a race of people known for their courage and love of freedom.
1. On board naval vessels, the flag shall be displayed on the flagstaff at the stern when Loyalty must be inspired by the respect and faith in the cause to which we subscribe. It
the ship is at anchor. The Flag shall be hoisted to the gaff at the aftermast when the ship should not be servility or fanaticism. Loyalty is based on love of country, respect for
is at sea. superiors, belief in the cause and principle, reverence for national symbols and loyalty to
2. On all aircraft with Philippine registry, the Philippine Flag shall be prominently one’s world of honor.
displayed horizontally on its fuselage with the hoist side pointing the forward direction.
3. The flagpole must not be of equal height or higher than the Independence Flagpole at Acquiring Citizenship
the Rizal Park, Manila (107ft). [Link] are two principles of citizenship in the world, “jus solis” (by blood) and “jus
sanguinis” (by birth).
2. A baby who was born within the air space or within 12 nautical miles from the boarder
LESSON 5 - GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES of the United States will automatically have US citizenship regardless of the parent’s
Developing Good Citizenship nationality.
Every right has a corresponding responsibility. Next to the right to live is the right for 3. Commonwealth Act No. 473 provides the qualifications and processes for acquiring
citizenship. It provides man the necessary protection of the state, identity, education, job Filipino citizenship.
opportunities, securities and all other rights provided by existing laws.
To the students and instructor, you may access the diagnostic test on Philippine
Citizenship at [Link] school/[Link]? LESSON 6 – VOTER CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
title=philippinecitizenship-test-practice. The Filipino citizen-voter education cover the political and electoral system, human
rights, and governance that serve to contribute to efforts at developing matured and
Preamble of the 1987 Constitution informed political attitudes and decisions of Filipino citizen-voters.
1. What is election? ➢ Set specific guidelines in choosing government leaders in terms of the candidate’s
Election is the means by which the people choose their officials for definite and fixed social affiliations and interests, competence, lifestyle, and performance records.
periods ➢ Conduct/participate in public debates that would inform citizens and gain the
2. What are the different types of electoral exercises? The two (2) types of commitment of the candidates to integrate, foremost, the interests and welfare of the
electoral citizen in their program of government.
exercises are: b) During elections
a) regular elections (national, local, barangay, ARMM, SK) Exercise vigilance and the right to vote.
b) special elections (plebiscite, referendum, initiative, recall) ➢ Vote according to your conscience
3. What is the right of suffrage? Suffrage is the human right to vote to which, in ➢ Protect the integrity of your own vote from any other undue influence
the Philippines, is embodied in three documents: ➢ Volunteer in organizations that work for clean and peaceful elections
a) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) ➢ Watch out for instance of cheating in the elections and inform authorities and the rest
b) The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; and of the electorate of such activities.
c) The 1987 Philippine Constitution. c) After elections
Practice continued vigilance and participate in governance.
These documents all call for universality of the right; equality in access to public service; ➢Be vigilant in the counting and canvassing of votes
and secrecy of voters. The political choice and decision you make will determine the kind ➢ Attend consultations and public hearings, and participate in local special bodies.
of government that will serve the country. The will of the people, then, will be best ➢ Legislate advocacy – s process where citizens talk with lawmakers and other
expressed in clean, orderly and honest election. implementers in the government to ensure that the concerns and welfare of the general
public are included in the discussion and making of laws.
4. Who are qualified to vote in Philippine elections? d) The Election process
a) Citizens of the Philippines; These are the steps in the election process:
b) Those who are 18 years old and above on the day of elections; ➢ Registration Day
c) A resident of the Philippines for one year and in the city or municipality wherein ➢ Revision Day
he/she proposes to vote for at least six months before the elections. ➢ List of votes
5. Who are qualified to vote under the Overseas Absentee Voting Law? ➢ Casting of votes
a) Filipino citizen abroad ➢ Counting of votes
b) Those who are 18 years old and above on the day of elections ➢ Preparation of election returns and other reports
c) Immigrants with affidavit to resume residence in the Philippines ➢ Distribution of election returns
d) Permanent residents with affidavit of intent to resume residence in the Philippines. • Board of Canvassers (for President and Vice President
6. Who are disqualified by law to vote in Philippine elections? • Board of Canvassers (for Senators)
a) Persons sentenced to be imprisoned for not less than one year • Board of Canvassers (for Provincial/City/District/Municipal)
b) Persons who committed rebellion, sedition, violation of the anti-subversion and ➢ Proclamation of winning candidates
firearms law, or any crime against national security or disloyalty to the government e) Citizen-voter participation in Political affairs
c) Insane or incompetent persons ➢ Initiation and Referendum
7. How often are the elections held? Through the system of initiative and referendum, the people can directly
a) Every 2nd Monday of May for national and local election propose, exact, and reject laws at the local level. Citizens may directly propose
National and local elections are held on the second Monday of May every third year amendments to the Constitution by a petition of at least 12% of the total
starting 1992. The presidential and vice-presidential elections are held every six years. number of registered voters where three (3) % of registered voters in each
Election Days in which the president and vice president and barangay officials are not legislative district are presented
elected are called "midterm elections"; Election Days in which the president and vice ➢ Plebiscite
president are elected are called "presidential elections". Barangay-level Through plebiscite, the people approve or reject the call for a Constitution,
officials, although are currently elected in the same year as the other officials, are approve or reject proposed changes in the Constitution and, at the local level,
elected separately the succeeding months. express their will on certain local issues.
b) Every last Monday of October, every 3 years for barangay and SK officials ➢ Sectoral Representation
Barangay-level elections, starting from 2007, are to be held every three years during the The party-list system of representation gives sectors the chance to be
last Monday of October, although these elections are frequently postponed (and represented in Congress together with Congressmen/women or Representative.
incumbents' terms are extended) as a cost-saving measure. The Constitution and the 1991 Local Government Code (LGC) allow for
c) Every 3 years from March 1993 – ARRM elections representation of sectors in the local legislature or Sanggunian.
Elections for the positions in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao ➢ Local special Bodies
(BARMM), starting from 2011, are to be held every three years during the second Ordinary citizens are called to sit in local special bodies such as the local health
Monday of May. boards, school boards, peace and order councils, and development councils for
consultation. The barangay assembly has the power to hear and judge the
8. What are the actions points for citizen-voters in exercising the right of report of Sangguniang Barangay’s (SB) performance.
suffrage? ➢Absentee Voting system
a) Before elections Republic Act 9189 or the Absentee Voting Law provides for a system which
Prepare to exercise the right of suffrage and the right to an informed and free choice. allows qualified Filipinos abroad to vote in national elections in the Philippines.
➢ Register during the period allowed for voter registration.
➢ Be informed of the issues, platforms, and personalities of the political candidates. LESSON 7 - DRUG EDUCATION
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF DRUGS AND THEIR EFFECTS
LEGAL BASES FOR DRUG EDUCATION
Republic Act (R.A.) 9165 is an act instituting the Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 1. Alcohol liquor, which is extracted from chemical compound as ethyl and
2002, repealing RA No. 6425 known as the Dangerous Drug Act of 1972. This Act serves hydrocarbon, is a dangerous chemical substance that triggers the central nervous
as guide in the implementation of dangerous drug prevention and control in the country. system and may damage vital human organs.
It guides in the right approach towards issues geared against drug activities. RA 9165, Effects of Alcohol Use
Article IV mandates the following: • Give a feeling of relaxation and loss of inhibition
1. Provide continuing in-service training for teachers on the effective utilization • A sense of excitement due to the release of inhibitions
and support to instructional materials and on teaching strategies on drug • Disrupted motor activity, motor skills and coordination
education • Deep intoxication that causes disturbance in bodily processes
2. Continuously monitor and evaluate the effectiveness and overall impact of • Dilated superficial blood vessels causing warm feeling
drug education • Deep intoxication that can lead to “coma” and “death”
3. Secure funds from local and foreign donors for the implementation of drug • Warning consciousness, causing mental dullness
education programs. • Loss of self-control resulting in violent behavior

DRUG EDUCATION 2. Marijuana (Cannabis Sativa), is annual plant that grows wild in many temperate
The number of drugs used today is vast and is steadily increasing as new drugs are parts of the world.
developed and new uses are found for old drugs, several drugs still used by the doctor Effects of Marijuana
such as the active principle in aspirin, have been used clinically for many hundreds of • Throat intoxication and coughing
years. • Increased heartbeat and pulse rate
• Reddening of the eyes, dizziness, bodily incoordination
Drug - It is a substance that affects the function of living cells, used in medicine to • Sleepiness and decreased physical activity
diagnose, cure, prevent the occurrence of diseases and disorders and prolong the life of • Possible chronic bronchitis and asthma
patients with incurable conditions. • Feeling of excitement and friendliness
• Distortion of time and space perception
Since 1990, the availability of new and more effective drugs such as antibiotics, which • Disturbance of brainwave activity, causing of impairment of skills leading to abnormal
fight bacterial infections and vaccines, which prevent diseases caused by bacteria and behavior
viruses, has increased the average of Filipino’s life span from about 60 years to about 75
years. Drugs have vastly improved the quality of life. Today, drugs have contributed to 3. Stimulants are drugs used to increase mental activity, relieve fatigue, increase
the eradication of once widespread and sometimes fatal diseases such as poliomyelitis alertness and offset drowsiness.
and smallpox. a) Amphetamines
b) Cocaine
Drug abuse is the overuse of a drug without due regard to accepted medical practice c) Shabu (methamphetamine, HCL)
resulting in the individual’s physical, mental, emotional or behavioral impairment. Effects of Stimulants
• Feeling of being stronger, more decisive and self-possessed
Drug dependence is a compulsive behavior brought about by drug abuse. In 1987, the • Extended wakefulness and increased mental alertness
American Medical Association declared all drug dependencies to be diseases. When • May include irritability, anxiety and fear
chemical dependencies are viewed as diseases, their treatment and understanding are • Loss of appetite resulting in decreased body weight
facilitated. Such a view also reduces the guilt and blame traditionally associated with • Pregnant women who abused “shabu” can cause mental retardation to their unborn
chemical dependency babies
• Loss of sexual desire and interest towards work
Drug user is another term for “drug addict” which refers to an individual who is • “Schizophrenia” or split personality, leading to violent behavior
dependent on a certain drug or drugs. Smith et al. (1986) define addiction as a • Loss of memory by chronic users
pathological process involving a compulsion to use a psychoactive drug, loss of control • Chronic snorters from irritation of the nose leading to frequent nose bleeding
over use of the drug and continued use of the drug despite adverse consequences. • Injecting “shabu” using dirty needles can lead to various infections such as Hepatitis B,
blood poisoning and AIDS
COMMON SIGNS OF DRUG ABUSE
1. Change in attendance at work or school 4. Cough syrups are also called over the counter colds/cough preparations.
2. Change from normal capabilities (work habits, efficiency, etc.) a) Ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine and phenylpropanolamine for
3. Poor physical appearance, including in attention to dress and personal hygiene nasal decongestion
4. Constant wearing of sunglasses at inappropriate times (for instance, indoors or at b) Chlorphenamine maleate for allergic asthma, nocturnal cough
night not only to hide dilute or constricted pupils but also to compensate the eyes’ c) Dextromethorphan is cough suppressant; codeine has an anti-tussive effect
inability to adjust to sunlight). Marijuana causes bloodshot eyes
5. Unusual effort made to cover arms in order to hide needle marks 5. Depressants are usually known as “downers”. These drugs act on the nervous
6. Association with known drug abusers system, promoting relaxation and sleep.
7. Stealing items that can be readily sold for cash (to support a drug habit) a) Barbiturates
8. Change in mood, depending on the drug taken b) Methaqualone
Effects of Depressants
A usual dose of barbiturates causing a calming, relaxing effect that promotes sleep. d) Kerosene or commonly known as gaas
Other notable reactions are given. e) Nail polish and cuticle remover
• Relief of anxiety and excitement f) Lighter-fluid and dry-cleaning fluid
• Reduce mental and physical activity Effects of Inhalants
• A marked decreased in breathing • Unsteadiness and restlessness
• Drunkenness with depression leading to unconsciousness
6. Barbiturates are used to reduce the frequency of convulsions in epileptics. An • Irritability and highly agitated condition
overdose of barbiturate produces the following reactions. • Initial excitement thereby losing emotional control
• Unconsciousness and decrease in breathing • Irritation of the throat and nasal passages. Sometimes inhalants contain toxic elements
• Deepening unconsciousness leading to “coma” that are harmful to the heart and can cause sudden death when inhaled

7. Hallucinogens (Psychedelics) are drugs that can produce changes in mood and What are the reason behind these drugs?
behavior. They can produce delusions and hallucinations. They induce a state of The most common reason why drugs are abused are as follows: ▪ For
excitation of the central nervous system, shown by changes in mood. Hallucinogens relief from problems – personal, family, school or work
disorient the sense of direction, distance and time of a person. ▪ To experience its effect on the mind and body
A user may speak of “hearing” colors, “seeing” sounds. ▪ To ease depression, boredom, pain or misery
a) Mescaline ▪ Giving in to pressures from “peers” or other drug users
b) LSD ▪ For curiosity, due to misinformation from acquaintances
c) Psilocybin ▪ For security feelings – with drugs, they have self-confidence
d) Phencyclidine
Effects of Hallucinogens Some of the preventive measures for drug abuse
• Increased heartbeat and pulse rate Drug abuse must be avoided from the start before problems set in. There are several
• Elevated or increased blood pressure basic
• Increase activity of the body due to the effect of the brain ways to do this, namely:
• Enlarged or dilated pupils of the eyes a) Improvement in family relations. The parents and children must communicate with
• Increased body temperature each other and strengthen their ties to combat drug addiction;
• Paleness of the face and skin of the body b) Direct and sincere action on the part of the government to address the growing
problems of drug abuse;
8. Tranquilizer is a drug used to treat nervous disorders, calm psychotic patients. They c) Clear and noticeable reforms in the environment and economy to provide everyone
are not habit-forming but when taken in large numbers will produce deep with a bright future and good life;
unconsciousness, a drop in blood pressure and finally respiration stops leading top d) Strict enforcement of drug laws against violators and traffickers;
death. While the margin of safety associated with these drugs is considerable, overdose e) Establishment of a dedicated judiciary so as to facilitate the delivery of aid of victims
can occur and continuous use can lead to dependence. of drug abuse;
a) Meprobamate f) Complete “crackdown” against drug pusher and syndicates; and
b) Diazepam g) Instituting heavy penalties, specifically the “death penalty’ for drug-related crime and
Effects of Tranquilizer serious drug violators
• Physical weakness and sleepiness
• Induced mental and psychological dullness ROLES OF SCHOOL, THE COMMUNITY, YOUTH AND PARENTS IN PREVENTING
• It calms the nerves and relieves tension and anxiety DRUG ABUSE
• Overdose can lead to “coma”, respiratory failure and death School
Every school must formulate a “drug policy “designed to help students and all school
9. Narcotics, in medicine, refer to opium, morphine, codeine, heroin and personnel fight drug abuse. Also, the school can initiate “drug awareness” program and
hydromorphone. realistic prevention efforts that will benefit the entire community. All students must take
Effects of Narcotics an active part in making this program a success.
• Reduced size of the pupils of the eyes and reduced vision Community The community, as a whole, must work toward eradicating the drug menace
• Drowsiness and decreased physical activity by:
• Nausea, vomiting and difficulty in breathing if taken in larger dosage ▪ conducting an anti-drug campaign, cooperating with authorities in the arrest of the
• “Tolerance”, which finally leads to “drug dependence” drug pushers; helping drug users get treatment from drug rehabilitation centers,
• Induced “come” with slow, shallow respiration dismantling the drug- based network existing in the community through police action;
• Convulsions, followed by the stopping of breathing that can lead to death if overdosed ▪ planning a community action program involving young people, civic welfare, and
religious organizations in tackling the drug problem; and
9. Inhalants are volatile substances derived from ether or chloroform. It is an inhalator ▪ organizing worthwhile and constructive activities such as recreational, social, and
through the nose to experience intoxication. Recently, inhalation of different substances economic projects that will serve as a positive alternative to drug abuse.
known as “glue sniffing” has become popular among young people in their early teens.
These substances include the following: YOUTH
a) Quick-drying glue or plastic cement, like rugby The role of the youth in nation building is crucial and important. They are problem
b) Paint remover and lacquer, such as thinner and solvent solvers, have positive influence in other young people and the nation, and are extremely
c) Gasoline and other gasoline-based products
ambitious. They have the ability to create and identify themselves and move the nation
forward positively.
As responsible youth of today, be strong and always remember:
S - steadfast personality T -trustworthy in words and actions
T- trustworthy in words and actions
R – respectable in relating with others
O – open-minded in facing situation
N – noble character
G – gusty actions and ideals

TEN (10) WAYS TO SAY NO TO DRUGS

1. be vocal, just say NO to drugs and mean it.
2. Project an image of a clean living for yourself.
3. Get into sports.
4. Choose your friend and influence them positively.
5. Get involved into community-based activities.
6. Join organizations or youth club or form your interest group (church, school
or social)
7. Learn how to manage stress
8. Join seminars on anti-drug abuse prevention.
9. Talk to your family, listen to the problems of your siblings.
10. Enhance your talents and skills by taking part on workshops, trainings or
seminars.
Parents
Parents must serve as a model to their children through the following:
▪ If parents use medicines improperly and in large dosages, children will imitate this bad
example. This should be avoided.
▪ Parents must teach their children not to use drugs indiscriminately so as to develop in
their children the correct drug attitude.
▪ Parents should advice their children on their choice of friends and inculcate the basic
knowledge about drug abuse.
▪ If parents discover their son or daughter is into drugs, they must face the problem and
seek professional help at once.
▪ Parents must create a happy family life and maintain an open communication between
them and their children.

WHAT ARE SOME PIECES OF HELPFUL AND TIMELY ADVICE FOR THESE
PROBLEMS?
 Maintain good physical and mental health.
 Use drugs properly. Most drugs are beneficial when used under medical advice.
 Understand your own self. Accept and respect yourself for what you are.
 Develop your potentials. Engage in wholesome, productive and fulfilling
activities.
 Learn to relate effectively with others. Have somebody to whom you can
communicate your problems and other stresses without the use of drugs.
 Seek professional help if you cannot cope with your problems anymore. ▪
Develop strong moral and spiritual foundation in life.