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Chapter 3

Oil System

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16 views10 pages

Chapter 3

Oil System

Uploaded by

rexusgan07
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Chapter 3 Piston Engines - Lubrication Fun n of the Lubrication System The Wet and Dry Sump Lubricating Systems The Oil Tank The Suction Filter The Pressure Pump The Check Valve. ‘The Pressure Filter. The Scavenge Pump Oil Cooler Lubrication Monitoring Instruments. Viscosity Viscosity Grade Numbering Types of Oil Operational Considerations . . Questions Answers 43 43 45 AS 6 46 46 47 47 47 48 48 49 .50 1 5h 41 voneougn) - sauidug vorsid a Piston Engines - Lubrication 42 Piston Engines - Lubrication Function of the Lubrication System The components that make up a piston engine are subjected to high loads, high temperatures, and high speeds. The component parts are generally made of metals, and as the moving parts of the engine slide against each other, there is a resistance to their movement. This is called The friction will increase as the load, temperature and speed increases, the movement of the components also produces Wear which is the loss or destruction of the metal components. Both friction and wear can be reduced by preventing the moving surfaces coming into contact by separating them with a material/substance which has lower frictional properties than the component parts. This is referred to as a Lubricant. A lubricant can come in many forms. Greases, powders and some solid materials. However in the form of Oils with which this chapter will concentrate on. The oil can be forced between ‘the moving parts, called Pressure Lubrication or the components can be Splash Lubricated. The Primary task of the lubrication system of the engine is to Reduce Friction and component Wear, it also has a number of secondary functions. Of these perhaps the most important is the task of Cooling. The flow of oil through the engine helps to dissipate the heat away from the internal components of the engine. As the oil flows through the engine it also carries away the by-products of the combustion process and cleans the engine. The internal metal components are protected against Corrosion by the oil, which also acts a Hydraulic Medium reducing the shock loads between crankshaft and bearing and so reducing vibration. The oil can provide the power source for the operation of a hydraulic variable pitch propeller. The oil system can be used to give an indication of the power being developed by the engine, and its condition. The oil system's use as an Indicating Medium is of great importance to the pilot as it can give an early warning of mechanical failure or loss of power. Itshould be remembered that anincrease in friction will cause an increase in Friction Horsepower, and therefore a reduction in the Brake Horse Power developed by the engine. The Reduction in Friction and Wear by the lubricant is of prime importance, but the secondary functions of Cooling, Cleaning, Protection, Hydraulic and Indicating Mediums should not be ignored. The Wet and Dry Sump Lubricating Systems There are two lubrication systems in common use, these are the Wet Sump and Dry Sump systems. The system used is normally dependant on the power output of the engine, and role of the aircraft. The principle of lubrication of the engine is the same whichever system is used, tthe principle difference between the two systems being the method used to store the supply of oil Most light, non-aerobatic aircraft engines use the Wet Sump system. In this system the oil is stored in the bottom or sump of the engine. This simplifies construction but has a number of disadvantages: a) Lubrication difficulties arise during manoeuvres. The oil enters the crankcase, is flung around by the revolving shafts with possible over-oiling of the engine, inverted flight being particularly hazardous. 43 Piston Engines - Lubrication B voneougn) - sauidug vorsid a Piston Engines - Lubrication b) The temperature of the oil is more difficult to control as it is stored within the hot engine casing, ©) The oil becomes contaminated and oxidizes more easily because of the continual contact of the oil with hot engine. d) The oil supply is limited by the sump capacity. The Dry Sump system overcomes the above problems by storing the oil in a remotely mounted Tank. As previously stated the principle of oil supply is the same for both systems. A Pressure Pump.

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