Administering surveys with closed-ended questions (e.g.
, face-to face and
[Link] telephone interviews, questionnaires Sign up Log in
etc). ([Link]
Interviews
In Quantitative research(survey research),interviews are more structured
than in Qualitative
research.([Link]
In a structured interview, the researcher asks a standard set of questions and
nothing more.(Leedy and Ormrod, 2001)
Face -to -face interviews have a distinct advantage of enabling the researcher
to establish rapport with potential participants and therefor gain their
cooperation. These interviews yield highest response rates in survey
research. They surveys
Administering also allowwith theclosed-ended
researcher toquestions
clarify ambiguous
(e.g., face-to answers
face andand
when appropriate,
telephone interviews,seekquestionnaires
follow-up information. Disadvantages include
impractical
etc). when large samples are involved time consuming
([Link] ) and
expensive.(Leedy and Ormrod, 2001)
Interviews
2 Telephone interviews are less time consuming and less expensive and the
In Quantitative
researcher research(survey
has ready research),interviews
access to anyone on the planet that arehas
more structured
a telephone.
than in Qualitative
Disadvantages are that the response rate is not as high as the face-to- face
interview [Link]
research.( as but considerably higher than the mailed questionnaire .The
sample may be interview,
In a structured biased to the theextent that people
researcher asks a without
standardphones are part ofand
set of questions
the population
nothing about whom
more.(Leedy the researcher
and Ormrod, 2001) wants to draw inferences.
Computer
Face -to -faceAssisted Personal
interviews have Interviewing (CAPI): isofa enabling
a distinct advantage form of personal
the researcher
interviewing, but instead
to establish rapport of completing
with potential a questionnaire,
participants and thereforthe interviewer
gain their
brings along These
cooperation. a laptop or hand-held
interviews yieldcomputer to enter the
highest response ratesinformation
in survey
directly
[Link]
database.
allow theThisresearcher
method saves time involved
to clarify ambiguous in answers
processing andthe
data, as
when well as saving
appropriate, seekthe interviewer
follow-up from carrying
information. around hundreds
Disadvantages include of
questionnaires.
impractical when large samples are involved time consuming andbe
However, this type of data collection method can
expensive to set upand
expensive.(Leedy and requires2001)
Ormrod, that interviewers have computer and typing
skills.
Telephone interviews are less time consuming and less expensive and the
Questionnaires
researcher has ready access to anyone on the planet that has a telephone.
Disadvantages are that the response
Paper-pencil-questionnaires rate to
can be sent is not as high
a large as the
number of face-to-
people andface
interview as but considerably higher than the mailed
saves the researcher time and money. People are more truthful while questionnaire .The
sample
respondingmayto bethe
biased to the extent
questionnaires that people
regarding without phones
controversial issuesare part of
in particular
the population
due about
to the fact that whom
their the researcher
responses wants toBut
are anonymous. drawtheyinferences.
also have draw
backs. Majority
Computer Assistedof the peopleInterviewing
Personal who receive(CAPI):
questionnaires
is a formdon't return them
of personal
and those whobut
interviewing, do instead
might not be representative
of completing of the originally
a questionnaire, selected
the interviewer
sample.(Leedy
brings along a laptopand Ormrod, 2001) computer to enter the information
or hand-held
directly
Web basedintoquestionnaires
the database. This : A newmethod saves timegrowing
and inevitably involvedmethodology
in processingisthe
data,use
the as of
well as saving
Internet based theresearch.
interviewer
Thisfrom
would carrying around hundreds
mean receiving an e-mail ofon
questionnaires. However, this type of data collection method
which you would click on an address that would take you to a secure web- can be
expensive
site to fill intoaset up and requires
questionnaire. Thisthat
typeinterviewers
of research is have computer
often quicker and
and typing
less
skills.
detailed. Some disadvantages of this method include the exclusion of people
who do not have a computer or are unable to access a computer. Also the
Questionnaires
validity of such surveys are in question as people might be in a hurry to
Paper-pencil-questionnaires
complete it and so might not can givebeaccurate
sent to responses.
a large number of people and
saves the researcher time and money. People are more truthful while
([Link]