Experiment- 01
Obyective +o desgn ony the opomp workug
Unty gom amp
Inverting amp
Non Inverlng amp
Apporatus Req uired’
"Expevimenl kit
CRO
Comnecting oirea
Theory input impedamce,
voltage flower is high
The unty flower also caled basically used to auid hyh
the lodug of
Unby goim amp- The circo is
Source. The circul when placed ofter o high impedonc
internal imped ane
Sovrce oll convert il into a low impedance Soure.
f R,:R, R3 the ootput
eo Ce te,te,)
the output is the averaye valoe of the thre inpots withavt auy
phase invèrsion.
The ovtpot of Unity qguin omplifier abee R-0 is
ie qain of orcud is vesdy:
*TheInutkng node soming lAvernging Ampife
ne, summing or averagig amplifier thauing certoin no o input. If all the
inçuls pasitive they will Cause current. T iBI, to flow as the Cunent
draun by op-amp is neglible the Sum df these cuent thvough [Link] the
open -locp gaim of op-am p is veny hiah Cnlio) then inpud di ffe ential Vo ltage
Vid Slo the iupot C1s pracical >.
Osuming Aat ground potential
Invering Amp ith 3rinput
R
R I
e
eo
VP Resis oy p v(wlH olp w)volt
2 3.5
2 4 (9-5
3 12
4:2
vid eo
Inverdng Aimp
lage
|2V
SV
-5V
-2
and I: I, +I; tI,
R R2 R3
Also,
eG:-IRE-ve sign has been oSed to be onsidered wth the direcbon of 1)
Re Re Rp R
eo -Cei t e te3)
ie he ole is the negative Surn o the input.
H Ri =R;-R2 =R
and
Re R R in this one form
3
ho-of inpt
te,)
eo : - e ,tez
the neqabve average of inpu.
ie the inpot is
# Non inverting Amlifer + terminal and it gain continled
input is given at te non-inverting
In this the
by Rç e Ri .The qain of the circut Can be dettrmined Gaoming the op-ampo
Small
Pe [Link] differtene uol tuye Vid bto the bo inpot must be very
ie the point Amost be al the voltage.
he inpt A is Some across< R
eAeRi= Ri eo
hence
eRi or eo R,+Re p,
R
R, R have been added
when the boo inputs applied then resistor ,output
are
bwo inpus form each other
to the isolate the too voltaye is given by
Non - inverbing Summer
R3
Ry
Vo
W
R2
No
4.98 1-51 7S2 040
341 6-04 6-02 0-25
4-52 453 0.22
2-8 4-2) 4.23 0-43
2.61
5 3-81 3.44 |.3
Ru R,tR2 RitR2
Result ’
The desiep and verfiabon of op-amp worlking as uniby gin amphfer
Iinverbing non- imverting amplfer is verfjed.
Rreautions +
-Gonhecbon mudt be rhe byltt.
Check the Ganhectiobeprt pouer supp
Vat
Vet
frequenay Response of Sq,uare WJave
Genrator
Crperiment 2
Obyecbve +
Design & test a Squat wqve pnbr uamg
womg opentonal amplifer.
bpemenl kit
CRO
Conntcting wirea
Theonyt ave
In Contrast to sine wave genrator, Squat wave oulput ar genrated
when the op-ámp 15 forced to operute in saturation -Vsat , roulin the
force to Suing bto posibive satura tion +Vsat tesulbng in sqyart outpot
The Square kwave genrator is also called free runmg or aytoble molb brt
-or.
The tome period T of the output wave form is qiven by
T=2Re ln Cc2R1tR)]R:]
Procedure
Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
Swtch "on the potr supply
Output is sho on on the CRo.
Observation Table
RS
C2 W W
IK
Re
Ra
R6
R3 IM
lok$ |K
Civeuil Dio ram
R{-lok
10K Re
lave Genvator
Saquart
Result
Square wave
txperinent -3
Desiqn and test a monosBable
Apporclus Reued > mullvbvator
mullvbrator usimg bimer TC-555
*CRO
"Experimenl kit
Pooer Suppy
Connec timq wires
Theory
555 timer ’
Tt is an 8 pin Tc designed for
8-
-0n.
use in a varidty of sulahig plied
Multivibrabor
A circuit desiqned to have zero ,one or tuwo stable output stotes.
Monastobe Moltiuibrotor’
Asuwitchinq circuit wth one stable ulpot state, Also vefered to as
-shot Tt produ ces a siagle autput pdse ahtn it rieves a validl
input tigr sgnal.
Procedure ’
Make conhecbons oas per the circuit shO4Jh abave.
*Observe out put as the CRO btw pin 3 &GND.
The output wave ove form in
form il be similar to the wave the fyue
VCC
Duchar
4 Comprabr
Thieohold
R 3
-olp
|VCC Imvtrting
2 Amp
Triner Comprator 2
Tri1e
1/3vcc
apo toe Vat
Frequencq Response
Mono stable molbbrtor
Observotion Table
Result
Monastable Vibrator han en studied
420d J4ecads
-2o dß Dfesssicctes
Fequmay Reaponse seco ncl order
Low pas flter.
Experiment-4
Obyect :
To desiqn an active ptcond order loo pass flter usinq operabonal
Ving
amplifier and plot the ftsytncy ruponse charactersies.
Apparatus Reired:
"CRo
Experinent, kit
Connectmg wire.
Theor
Secondyt order Cor-two--pole) Alter Consist of two Re filter section
Comnecte d toge ther to provide a - 4o deldecible roll f rate
Second ovder flters are also vefered to as VCVs
filter, because Hhe
op-omps is used as a vdtage controlled voltaçe sou rce amplfier are anater
Source
important type of active flter design because atorg the active frst
order flter Can be desianed usiug them.
Rrocedore +
·Assemble the circuit kepivg R 24 (12K+l-2K)
Conner on Ap qenrator at e, and a CRo at eo
Starbng with a frqvency of about SoHz node eo at reqular udonals
o fequency bping i Constant at all
tome.
Determine the cot of frqueny of the filter fom the graph.
Observ
C
Vin
RA Vout
RS
Circuit Diagyam
Observahom Table
SN feg CH2
(0D Hz
VinCrms)v) VoCv)
2
Gain
2
3 2.5K 2 4
4.5
2-6K 2
5 3K 3:1
Result’
An acbve flter second order low pass flter has been designed.
Precavions>
Hndle the kit cove/
| Make Sue the Connechios qre bght.
check the readings carefolly
Invtrbin Non tovety
olp
’Time
oP Tirne
Inpt
Time
Erperimenl -05
Obyeelve
Desig and take adiffimce arplfer aing opratond omphfir
Aeporatus Requed
Expeniment kit
·Conntcbing wires
Power Supey
Theony
Adiferential amplifer is aatype of elecronic ampl fer that
amplifes the dfeame b|w the too voltages ,but does not amph f
the prtbicolar voltage
Many electronics devices use difrenbal anplifers intenally The
Outpot of on
Tdeal diferenbal amplifier is gjven by
VouT AdCVa -Vb)
ohe Va& Vb are imput voltage
Ad is difenbal gein.
Jn,practee hosever the gìn is not quite eqyad for the hoo iupot.
Tis means for instant .ie Va and Vy ae egyal the output will nof
be zero, s it would be in ideal Case.
Ri
Va
Vo
R2
RL
R
Civcuil Diayem
Observotion Table +
lo.s 5 S.36
2 lo16
3 13.0
-4
Result
heedesigning &testing of diferince amplfer is vernfed through
observaion
Precautios’
-Connections must be bsat.
Check the conn ec bon befpor/ glebidiug pouer auppy
Take tee reodiug care f
BacRespue
Talergyah
,Actud Rupunae
CPrsched lntert )
fie Mesponae o Intergator
Expe1menl 6-a
Obyectve
Desiqn and tel a nlertor uang
a
womg opponp
Apparatus Required
fower Suppy
CRO
Cxperimenl lot
Theony
Interqrator is a very Comm only woed crcuil in oncdog omplfers. There
is
modly ad for sclomg difanbal cqutos. If the poston
of Ri ond Cç is interchangcd then d beames an
ordaang
Tl can be seen that curent
Current (1)
CI) in
in this Case wil be
I: ei
R:
This eq yaton once apnm asume thet the iput current
drawn
by opamp is negligbly Small ont poul A is uitual earth. Nos
the curenl flos thrugh Cr
4Cross
-L edt
This eq ucbon showS that he circv
dver the in put. This Curwl
&n
intnation
wl sufors fom the difculty tad Be
eo
(Suar Cwiaguhr)
Intergator Girat Digra,
Jan for De is innfnde here I(If there is
1s any Dc in the input then
he amphfer woil ql sahred &intergabon Can nol be performed
To
Overconme his, ahn ResisBance Rr is connec ted parallel ob Ge
The
-S oof Yeoultuy
the R,C¢
Circurt is modified. there, the DC qain is -Rr|R, value
are
choosen to te the penod of npot wave.
Resul
he test of intergyabr
nlembr is verned using
Precautong > op-amp
Checlk the co mechon bepe poridug spey
Connec hon shoud
choud bebe popr byt.