1. What is the major chemical component in natural gas?

589 0.932 a) methane##

14 0.022 b) ethane
21 0.033 c) propane
4 0.006 d) butane
3 0.005 e) none of the rest

2. Which of the following is true concerning the hydrophobic

effect?
15 0.024 a) Aggregation of polar solutes reduces their net
surface area to volume ratio
9 0.014 b) Aggregation of polar solutes increases their net
surface area to volume ratio
62 0.098 c) Aggregation of non-polar solutes increases their net
surface area to volume ratio
530 0.839 d) Aggregation of non-polar solutes reduces their net
surface area to volume ratio##
16 0.025 e) Micelles form when alkyl chains are shielded from
water in bilayers

3. Which of the following is true about the nature of glycosidic

bonds found in cellulose
65 0.103 a) Alpha-(1,4) linkage
555 0.878 b) Beta-(1,4) linkage##
4 0.006 c) Gamma-(1,4) linkage
5 0.008 d) Delta-(1,4) linkage
2 0.003 e) Omicron-(1,4) linkage

4. A compound that present in many foods has the formula

C44H86O8NP. To which class of molecules does this compound belong?
3 0.005 a) RNA
5 0.008 b) DNA
606 0.959 c) Lipid##
13 0.021 d) Protein
4 0.006 e) None of the rest

5. A non spontaneous process

3 0.005 a) none of the rest
615 0.973 b) can proceeds only with the addition of free energy##
12 0.019 c) can proceeds without the addition of free energy
2 0.003 d) is exergonic
0 0.000 e) has a delta G < 0

6. An decrease in disorder
593 0.938 a) results in the factor "T delta S" being negative##
22 0.035 b) is characteristic of a system increasing in enthalpy
3 0.005 c) is found in every exergonic process
12 0.019 d) results in an increase in entropy
2 0.003 e) is required for a process to be spontaneous
 7. A soccer coach keeps a couple of instant cold packs in her bag
in case one of her players suffers a muscle injury. Instant cold packs
are composed of a plastic bag containing a smaller water bag and solid
ammonium nitrate. In order to activate the fold pack, the bag is
kneaded until the smaller water bag breaks, which allows the released
water to dissolve the ammonium nitrate. Which of the following
statements about the dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water is
correct?
1 0.002 a) Delta T > 0
7 0.011 b) Delta G > 0
9 0.014 c) Delta H < 0
594 0.940 d) Delta S > 0##
20 0.032 e) Delta H < Delta S

8. Which element has the highest electronegativity?

6 0.009 a) Oxygen
1 0.002 b) Carbon
621 0.983 c) Fluorine##
1 0.002 d) Nitrogen
1 0.002 e) Hydroen

9. Which of the following would make the best buffer solution when
combined together?
24 0.038 a) 6M sodium acetate, water, and 1M acetic acid
12 0.019 b) 1M acetic acid and water
507 0.802 c) 1M acetic acid, water, and 1M sodium acetate##
17 0.027 d) 1M sodium hydroxide, 1 M sulphuric Acid, and water
71 0.112 e) 1M acetic acid, water, and 1M sodium hydroxide

10. Photosynthetic organisms use energy from the sun to reduce _____
to _____.
6 0.009 a) none of the rest
606 0.959 b) CO2; carbohydrates##
0 0.000 c) CO2; ethanol
0 0.000 d) formaldehyde; ethanol
19 0.030 e) CO2; oxygen

11. The complete digestion of starch in human yields 4 kilocalories

per gram. What is the energy yield for cellulose in human?
6 0.009 a) 4 kilocalories per gram
613 0.970 b) 0 kilocalorie per gram##
4 0.006 c) 1 kilocalorie per gram
1 0.002 d) 3 kilocalories per gram
7 0.011 e) 2 kilocalories per gram

12. The two major biological roles of polysaccharides are:

2 0.003 a) None of the rest
6 0.009 b) Carrying out metabolic reactions and structural
support for the cell
2 0.003 c) Encode information and carrying out metabolic
reactions
602 0.953 d) Energy storage and structural support for the cell##
20 0.032 e) Energy storage and carrying out metabolic reactions

13. Urea (NH2CONH2) dissolves readily in water; i.e., this is a

spontaneous process. The beaker containing the dissolved compound is
cold to the touch. Which of the following statements is correct?
5 0.008 a) The sign of Delta S cannot be determined from given
information
11 0.017 b) Delta H is negative and Delta S is negative
78 0.123 c) Delta H is negative and Delta S is positive
516 0.816 d) Delta H is positive and Delta S is positive##
21 0.033 e) Delta H is positive and Delta S is negative

14. Which of the following biopolymers is correctly paired with the

bond that forms between the monomers?
2 0.003 a) protein: ester bond
4 0.006 b) DNA: phosphate bond
3 0.005 c) RNA: phosphate bond
614 0.972 d) polysaccharide: glycosidic bond##
9 0.014 e) all of the rest

15. Which of the following molecules contains the most oxidized form
of carbon?
4 0.006 a) ethylene
5 0.008 b) acetaldehyde
1 0.002 c) acetic acid
3 0.005 d) ethanol
619 0.979 e) carbon dioxide##

16. Which of the following statements is incorrect

573 0.907 a) The majority of the solar energy captured by
photosynthetic organisms are stored as starch##
3 0.005 b) Energy stored in both starch and cellulose are
eventually released by enzyme catalyzed processes
9 0.014 c) Part of the Solar energy captured by photosynthetic
organisms are used to synthesize cellulose
6 0.009 d) Photosynthetic organisms use energy from the sun to
synthesize carbohydrate
41 0.065 e) All of the rest are correct statements

17. A phosphate buffer solution at a pH = pK2 = 6.82 would have

equal amounts of phosphate in the ____________ form and the H2PO4(1-)
form.
4 0.006 a) tetrahedral
20 0.032 b) H2PO4(1-)
80 0.127 c) H3PO4
4 0.006 d) disordered
523 0.828 e) HPO4(2-)##
 18. A solution of buffer at a pH of 8.5 with a pK = 7.5 would have
more capacity to buffer the addition of
1 0.002 a) none of the rest
5 0.008 b) HPO4(2-) and PO4(3-)
2 0.003 c) PO4(3-)
28 0.044 d) base versus acid
595 0.941 e) acid versus base##

19. According to lectures on H-bondings, which of the following is

most unlikely to be involved in H-bondings in a normal living
organism?
18 0.028 a) none of the rest
291 0.460 b) C
304 0.481 c) F##
13 0.021 d) O
3 0.005 e) N

20. Given log (0.00001)=-5; log(0.0001)=-4; and log(0.001)=-3. If

you added a drop (about 0.05 mL) of 1.0 M HCL to one liter of pure
water (assume pH 7.0), the pH would become:
4 0.006 a) 9.7
6 0.009 b) 2.7
609 0.964 c) 4.3##
8 0.013 d) 7.0 (there would be no significant change)
5 0.008 e) 5.0

21. To make a phosphate buffer at pH 12.38 starting with one liter

of 10 mM phosphoric acid (H3PO4; pKs are of 2.15, 6.82, and 12.38),
you could add
10 0.016 a) You cannot make a buffer by adding HCL or KOH
37 0.059 b) 15 millimoles of KOH
4 0.006 c) 20 millimoles of HCL
560 0.886 d) 25 millimoles of KOH##
21 0.033 e) 25 millimoles of HCL

22. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, pH = pK + log {[A-] /[HA]} ,

indicates that when the _____ of a solution containing acid is equal
to the _________ of that acid, then the acid is half deprotonated.
621 0.983 a) pH and pK##
4 0.006 b) H+ and pK
1 0.002 c) base and OH-
3 0.005 d) log pH and log pOH
3 0.005 e) log [A-] and pH

23. To make an acetate buffer at pH 4.76 starting with 500 mL of 0.4

M sodium acetate (pK = 4.76), you could add:
10 0.016 a) You can not make a buffer by adding HCL or NaOH
72 0.114 b) 0.025 moles of HCL
513 0.812 c) 0.1 moles of HCL##
27 0.043 d) 0.2 moles of HCL
 10 0.016 e) 0.1 moles of NaOH

24. What is the ratio of acetic acid (pK = 4.76) to acetate(-) in a

1.0 M acetate solution with a pH = 3.76?
3 0.005 a) 1:111
12 0.019 b) 100:1
514 0.813 c) 10:1##
7 0.011 d) 1:100
95 0.150 e) 1:10

25. Which of the following is true regarding hydrophobic

interactions between nonpolar molecules or groups?
5 0.008 a) they result from the tendency to maximize water's
contact with nonpolar molecules
8 0.013 b) they are the result of strong attractions between
nonpolar regions
28 0.044 c) they are the result of strong repulsion between
water and nonpolar regions
589 0.932 d) they require the presence of surrounding water
molecules##
1 0.002 e) they depend on strong permanent dipoles in the
nonpolar molecules
 1. Hydrophobic interactions between nonpolar molecules or groups:
30.006 a) result from the tendency to maximize water’s contact
with nonpolar molecules
516 0.985 b) require the presence of surrounding water
molecules##
1 0.002 c) are the result of strong attractions between
nonpolar regions
3 0.006 d) are the result of strong repulsion between water and
nonpolar regions
0 0.000 e) depend on strong permanent dipoles in the nonpolar
molecules

2. EcoRI recognizes the sequence 5'-G|AATTC-3' ("|" indicates the

point of cleavage). Treatment of the following oligonucleotide with
EcoRI would produce two oligonucleotides with sizes of _____ double-
stranded nucleotides containing _____ ends.
5'-AAGTCGATACAGAATTCGTACCTAG-3'
10 0.019 a) 12 and 13; blunt
3 0.006 b) 12 and 8; blunt
6 0.011 c) 11 and 8; sticky
442 0.844 d) 12 and 9; sticky##
61 0.116 e) 9 and 13; sticky

3. What is the approximate pI of the AALQHYWAKAEAA?

5 0.010 a) 3.99
9 0.017 b) 6.97
491 0.937 c) 7.96##
17 0.032 d) 5.06
1 0.002 e) 10.17

4. During the formation of microfilaments, which of the following

occurs?
0 0.000 a) ATP binds to G-actin
1 0.002 b) G-actin polymerizes, becoming F-actin
36 0.069 c) ATP hydrolysis is catalyzed by F-actin
148 0.282 d) polymerization proceeds slowly at first, then
becomes more rapid once a longer polymer has formed
338 0.645 e) All of the rest##

5. In an enzyme mechanism that generates a negative charge in the

transition state, which of the following would be beneficial to have
in the active site of the enzyme?
508 0.969 a) a positive charge##
0 0.000 b) an Asp residue
1 0.002 c) an Gln residue
8 0.015 d) a negative charge
6 0.011 e) None of the rest

6. If histidine (pKa=6.04) is the nucleophile in an enzyme that

participate in covalent catalysis, which of the following would be
most advantageous to have in the vicinity of the active site histidine
in a pH=5 environment?
3 0.006 a) alanine
10 0.019 b) glutamic acid
1 0.002 c) tyrosine
507 0.968 d) arginine##
2 0.004 e) glycine

7. How are the kinetics of a thymidylate synthase-catalyzed

reaction affected by 5-Fluorouracil?
3 0.006 a) Vmax decreased, KM increased
4 0.008 b) Vmax decreased, KM decreased
501 0.956 c) Vmax decreased, KM unchanged##
12 0.023 d) Vmax unchanged, KM increased
3 0.006 e) Vmax unchanged, KM decreased

8. According to Figure 4 and Table 5, mutation of Gly-216 to

threonine and Gly-226 to valine on Trypsin will most likely ______ for
Trypsin on ____
10 0.019 a) decreases the KM; N-Acetyllysine ethyl ester
439 0.838 b) increases the KM; N-Acetylarginine ethyl ester##
36 0.069 c) decreases the kcat/Km; N-Acetyltyrosine ethyl ester
30 0.057 d) increases the kcat/km; N-Acetylarginine ethyl ester
8 0.015 e) none of the rest

9. Which of the followings is not involved in replication?

6 0.011 a) Primosome
0 0.000 b) Replisome
512 0.977 c) Promoter##
3 0.006 d) DNA polymerase
2 0.004 e) DNA ligase

10. A plasmid with 5000 bp of closed circular duplex DNA was

isolated from E. coli. It has a 600-bp segment of alternating C and G
residues. Upon transfer to a high salt solution, this segment
undergoes a transition from the B conformation to the Z conformation.
Which of the followings is CORRECT AFTER this plasmid is further
treated with a type IB topoisomerase that is active at the high salt
solution and then transferred back to a low salt solution?
503 0.960 a) Its final writhing number is -110##
3 0.006 b) Its original linking number is 500
4 0.008 c) The overall change in its linking number is zero
11 0.021 d) The overall change in its twist is -110
2 0.004 e) All answers are correct

11. If 20% of the DNA in a relaxed circular-covalently-closed

plasmid is induced to change from B-DNA to Z-DNA by transferring to a
high salt solution. This plasmid contains one EcoRI recognition
sequence and is treated with a) EcoRI digestion, b) inactivation of
EcoRI by thermal treatment, c) DNA Ligase. Assuming both EcoRI and DNA
Ligase are active at the high salt solution. The plasmid is then
transferred back to a low salt solution. What is the value of the
linking number when compared to the initial value?
2 0.004 a) increases
511 0.975 b) decreases##
9 0.017 c) remains the same
0 0.000 d) cannot be calculated without knowing the size of the
plasmid
1 0.002 e) none of the rest

12. Which of the following proteins doesn't bind to the major groove
of DNA?
4 0.008 a) Bacteriophage λ Repressor
2 0.004 b) Yeast Transcription Fact GCN4
5 0.010 c) Zinc Finger Domains of Transcription Factor
506 0.966 d) TATA binding protein (TBP)##
6 0.011 e) lac Repressor

13. TFIIH is a transcription factor that is responsible for forming

the transcription bubble. For this reason, TFIIH is best described as
a _____.
0 0.000 a) gyrase
1 0.002 b) ligase
522 0.996 c) helicase##
0 0.000 d) endonuclease
0 0.000 e) single-strand binding protein

14. Genes that are not often transcribed generally have _____
sequences that bind to _____ proteins.
0 0.000 a) inhibitor; mediator
0 0.000 b) interrupter; regulatory
0 0.000 c) obstruction; restraint
523 0.998 d) silencer; repressor##
0 0.000 e) negative control; arrestor

15. In prokaryotic transcription, what must be released for the

switch from initiation to elongation to occur?
1 0.002 a) TFIIB
1 0.002 b) ADP following phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase
C-terminal domain
0 0.000 c) regulatory subunit bound to the C-terminal domain
519 0.990 d) sigma subunit##
2 0.004 e) the TATA-binding protein

16. Phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of eukaryotic RNA

polymerase inhibits interaction with what protein, thus allowing the
polymerase to leave the promoter?
485 0.926 a) mediator complex##
1 0.002 b) all transcription factors
1 0.002 c) TFIIF and TFIIH
 0 0.000 d) TFIIS
36 0.069 e) None of the rest

17. Which of the following proteins is not responsible for the

processing of eukaryotic mRNAs?
4 0.008 a) Triphosphatase-guanyltransferase
4 0.008 b) methyltransferase
5 0.010 c) poly(A) polymerase
1 0.002 d) small nuclear ribonucleoproteins
509 0.971 e) RNase P##

18. Which of the following explains why the aminoacyl-tRNA

synthetase for isoleucine rarely incorporates valine despite the
similar structure of these two amino acids?
1 0.002 a) valine does not fit into the binding site for
isoleucine
2 0.004 b) only leucine and isoleucine can fit in the active
site of the enzyme
26 0.050 c) the enzyme contains a proofreading site that only
allows entry of isoleucine
481 0.918 d) the enzyme contains a proofreading site that only
excludes entry of isoleucine##
13 0.025 e) None of the rest

19. Which of the following is true regarding the interaction of EF-

Tu with aminoacyl-tRNAs?
0 0.000 a) the higher the occurrence of an amino acid in a
protein, the stronger the interaction
6 0.011 b) EF-Tu binds charged and uncharged tRNAs with the
same affinity
2 0.004 c) free aminoacyl-tRNAs can only bind to the ribosome
in vitro
515 0.983 d) binding occurs with about equal affinity for all
aminoacyl-tRNAs##
0 0.000 e) the interaction always involves the anticodon loop

20. Which of the following provides the energy for the peptidyl
transferase reaction?
5 0.010 a) GTP -> GDP + Pi
1 0.002 b) GTP -> GMP + PPi
1 0.002 c) ATP -> ADP + Pi
0 0.000 d) ATP -> AMP + PPi
516 0.985 e) since an ester is being converted to an amide, no
external energy input is required##

21. Addition of a(n) _____ group to certain lysine residues of a

histone protein makes the region of chromatin transcriptionally _____;
addition of a(n) _____ group to certain lysine residues makes the
region of chromatin transcriptionally _____.
2 0.004 a) methyl; highly active; acetyl; active
 1 0.002 b) acetyl; silent; methyl; active
0 0.000 c) phosphate; silent; methyl; silent
516 0.985 d) methyl; silent; acetyl; active##
4 0.008 e) methyl; silent; phosphate; active

22. EF-G is required for _____ as it binds to the ribosome in a

manner similar to _____.
516 0.985 a) translocation; the EF-Tu-tRNA complex##
3 0.006 b) transpeptidation; the EF-Tu-GDP complex
0 0.000 c) transferase; an uncharged tRNA
2 0.004 d) transduction; an aminoacyl-tRNA
2 0.004 e) none of the rest

23. Which positions on the DNA of Figure 3 corresponds to the 5' end
of the transcribed RNA?
55 0.105 a) A
22 0.042 b) C
409 0.781 c) E##
9 0.017 d) F
27 0.052 e) H

24. Where on the DNA of Figure 3 will the 16S rRNA binds to?
10 0.019 a) A
9 0.017 b) C
6 0.011 c) E
412 0.786 d) F##
76 0.145 e) H

25. What of the following is the most likely translated product of

the DNA given in Figure 2?
8 0.015 a) Met-Thr-His-Asp....
498 0.950 b) Met-His-Thr-Asp....##
5 0.010 c) Met-Val-Cys-Tyr....
6 0.011 d) Met-Val-Tyr-Cys....
6 0.011 e) Met-Cys-Tyr-Val....

26. Which of the followings cannot be an anticodon?

2 0.004 a) 5'-IAG
5 0.010 b) 5'-IGA
5 0.010 c) 5'-IGU
506 0.966 d) 5'-IUG##
5 0.010 e) 5'-CUG

27. Which of the followings is an anticodon for Arg

9 0.017 a) 5’-UCU
4 0.008 b) 5’-ICG
5 0.010 c) 5’-CCG
2 0.004 d) 5’-CCU
503 0.960 e) all of the rest##
 28. Which of the following mRNA codon would pair with anticodon 5'-
IGC
0 0.000 a) 5'-UCA
7 0.013 b) 5'-UCG
2 0.004 c) 5'-ACU
0 0.000 d) 5'-GUA
514 0.981 e) 5'-GCU##
 1. Antifreeze proteins can be found in
4 0.008 a) Radiator fluid of automobile
1 0.002 b) Overwintering insect larvae
4 0.008 c) Fish living in polar regions
1 0.002 d) Overwintering cereal plants
504 0.981 e) All of the rest except radiator fluid##

2. A non spontaneous process

2 0.004 a) can proceeds without the addition of free energy
4 0.008 b) has a delta G < 0
1 0.002 c) is exergonic
503 0.979 d) can proceeds only with the addition of free energy##
4 0.008 e) none of the rest

3. An increase in disorder
9 0.018 a) is found in every exergonic process
2 0.004 b) is characteristic of a system increasing in enthalpy
8 0.016 c) is required for a process to be spontaneous
0 0.000 d) results in a decrease in entropy
495 0.963 e) results in the factor T delta S being positive##

4. The free energy change for the reaction A => B at 25 degree C.

Given enthalpy ([Link]-1) and entropy ([Link]-1) for A and B are: A
enthalpy = 60; entropy = 22; B enthalpy = 75; entropy = 97. Zero
degree C = 273 Kelvin. Delta G = Delta H – T Delta S.
504 0.981 a) -7.4 [Link]-1##
3 0.006 b) 7.4 [Link]-1
1 0.002 c) -3.7 [Link]-1
0 0.000 d) 3.7 [Link]-1
6 0.012 e) none of the rest

5. If the following two reactions were coupled, what would be the

Delta G for the overall exergonic reaction?
ATP + H2O -> ADP + Pi Delta G = -31
kJ/mol
Glucose + Pi -> glucose-1-phosphate + H2O Delta G = 21
kJ/mol
1 0.002 a) -52 kJ/mol
507 0.986 b) -10 kJ/mol##
2 0.004 c) 10 kJ/mol
3 0.006 d) 52 kJ/mol
1 0.002 e) none of the rest

6. Considering the energetics of transferring nonpolar molecules

from water to a nonpolar solvent, the factor T delta S is generally
_____, causing delta G to be _____.
493 0.959 a) positive; negative##
4 0.008 b) negative; negative
11 0.021 c) negative; positive
2 0.004 d) positive; positive
 4 0.008 e) negligible; either positive or negative

7. If gas molecules in an enclosed space are allowed to enter a

second chamber, the resulting redistribution of gas molecules
represents an increase in
1 0.002 a) enthalpy
513 0.998 b) entropy##
0 0.000 c) force
0 0.000 d) enthalpy and force
0 0.000 e) all of the rest

8. Which of the following biopolymers is correctly paired with the

bond that forms between the monomers?
0 0.000 a) protein: ester bond
509 0.990 b) polysaccharide: glycosidic bond##
0 0.000 c) DNA: phosphate bond
0 0.000 d) RNA: phosphate bond
5 0.010 e) all of the rest

9. Which of the following statements is incorrect

0 0.000 a) Photosynthetic organisms use energy from the sun to
synthesize carbohydrate
469 0.912 b) The majority of the solar energy captured by
photosynthetic organisms are stored as starch##
9 0.018 c) Part of the Solar energy captured by photosynthetic
organisms are used to synthesize cellulose
5 0.010 d) Energy stored in both starch and cellulose are
eventually released by enzyme catalyzed processes
30 0.058 e) All of the rest are correct statements

10. The similarity of one organism to another (for example a

bacteria versus a human) is most easily done by comparing which
biopolymer?
513 0.998 a) nucleic acids##
0 0.000 b) polysaccharides
1 0.002 c) proteins
0 0.000 d) lipids
0 0.000 e) all of the rest

11. Photosynthetic organisms use energy from the sun to reduce _____
to _____.
0 0.000 a) formaldehyde; ethanol
2 0.004 b) CO2; ethanol
503 0.979 c) CO2; carbohydrates##
8 0.016 d) CO2; oxygen
1 0.002 e) none of the rest

12. Under which of the following conditions would the reaction be

spontaneous at all temperatures?
1 0.002 a) ΔH and ΔS both negative
 3 0.006 b) ΔH and ΔS both positive
5 0.010 c) ΔH positive and ΔS negative
503 0.979 d) ΔH negative and ΔS positive##
2 0.004 e) None of the rest

13. Which of the following molecules is in the most oxidized form?

3 0.006 a) NH3
502 0.977 b) NO3-##
4 0.008 c) NH2OH
5 0.010 d) NO2-
0 0.000 e) None of the rest

14. Which of the following would represent an increase in entropy?

2 0.004 a) Ice freezes
0 0.000 b) Traffic congestion on highway
512 0.996 c) Dismissal of class when bell rings##
0 0.000 d) Sewing a garment
0 0.000 e) Filing papers

15. Which of the following molecules contains the most oxidized form
of carbon?
2 0.004 a) acetaldehyde
1 0.002 b) ethanol
2 0.004 c) acetic acid
1 0.002 d) ethylene
508 0.988 e) carbon dioxide##

16. A compound that present in many foods has the formula

C44H86O8NP. To which class of molecules does this compound belong?
8 0.016 a) nucleic acids
0 0.000 b) polysaccharides
3 0.006 c) proteins
500 0.973 d) lipids##
3 0.006 e) none of the rest

17. A healthy diet must include some protein. Assuming you had a way
to measure the amount of each element in a sample of food, which
element would you measure in order to tell whether the food contained
protein?
2 0.004 a) Carbon
1 0.002 b) Oxygen
510 0.992 c) Nitrogen##
1 0.002 d) Phosphorus
0 0.000 e) Hydrogen

18. Which of the following compound is the most soluble in water?

9 0.018 a) Alanine
500 0.973 b) Glucose##
2 0.004 c) Palmitate
1 0.002 d) Cholesterol
 2 0.004 e) All compounds have similar solubilities in water

19. The complete digestion of starch in human yields 4 kilocalories

per gram. What is the energy yield for cellulose in human?
496 0.965 a) 0 kilocalorie per gram##
2 0.004 b) 1 kilocalorie per gram
3 0.006 c) 2 kilocalories per gram
0 0.000 d) 3 kilocalories per gram
13 0.025 e) 4 kilocalories per gram

20. Which of the following processes has a negative entropy change?

513 0.998 a) Water freezes##
0 0.000 b) Water evaporates
0 0.000 c) Dry ice sublimes
1 0.002 d) Sodium chloride dissolves in water
0 0.000 e) Treatment of a biological membrane with detergent

21. Which of the following processes can never be spontaneous?

8 0.016 a) A reaction that occurs with any size decrease in
enthalpy and any size increase in entropy
3 0.006 b) A reaction that occurs with a small increase in
enthalpy and a large increase in entropy
4 0.008 c) A reaction that occurs with a large decrease in
enthalpy and a small decrease in entropy
489 0.951 d) A reaction that occurs with any size increase in
enthalpy and any size decrease in entropy##
10 0.019 e) All of the given processes can be spontaneous at
certain temperature
 1. Antifreeze proteins can be found in
3 0.006 a) Radiator fluid of automobile
0 0.000 b) Overwintering insect larvae
5 0.010 c) Fish living in polar regions
1 0.002 d) Overwintering cereal plants
500 0.982 e) All of the rest except radiator fluid##

2. Distances are customarily expressed in angstroms or in

nanometers. The distance between the centers of carbon atoms in a C-C
bond is about ___________, and the diameter of a DNA molecule is about
________.
291 0.572 a) 1.5 angstroms; 2 nanometers##
35 0.069 b) 2.0 angstroms; 3 nanometers
33 0.065 c) 1.0 angstroms; 1 nanometers
110 0.216 d) 1.5 angstroms; 20 nanometers
39 0.077 e) 1.5 nanometers; 2 angstroms

3. Which of the major types of biomolecules is never found in a

polymeric form?
3 0.006 a) amino acids
1 0.002 b) carbohydrates
2 0.004 c) nucleotides
492 0.967 d) lipids##
11 0.022 e) none of the rest

4. Which of the following biopolymers is correctly paired with the

bond that forms between the monomers?
0 0.000 a) protein: ester bond
491 0.965 b) polysaccharide: glycosidic bond##
1 0.002 c) DNA: phosphate bond
0 0.000 d) RNA: phosphate bond
17 0.033 e) all of the rest

5. Which of the biopolymers is correctly paired with its major

function?
3 0.006 a) protein: information encoding
1 0.002 b) nucleic acids: energy storage
0 0.000 c) lipids: information encoding
498 0.978 d) polysaccharide: energy storage##
7 0.014 e) none of the rest

6. A compound that present in many foods has the formula

C44H86O8NP. To which class of molecules does this compound belong?
29 0.057 a) Protein
4 0.008 b) DNA
7 0.014 c) RNA
456 0.896 d) Lipid##
13 0.026 e) None of the rest

7. The two major biological roles of polysaccharides are:

 461 0.906 a) Energy storage and structural support for the cell##
0 0.000 b) Encode information and carrying out metabolic
reactions
44 0.086 c) Energy storage and carrying out metabolic reactions
2 0.004 d) Carrying out metabolic reactions and structural
support for the cell
2 0.004 e) None of the rest

8. Which elements are found in simple carbohydrates?

503 0.988 a) carbon, hydrogen and oxygen##
3 0.006 b) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
2 0.004 c) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and phosphorous
0 0.000 d) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur
1 0.002 e) none of the rest

9. Which of the following processes have positive entropy change:

483 0.949 a) Water evaporation and Sodium chloride dissolves in
water##
5 0.010 b) Dry ice sublimes and Several different types of
lipid molecules assemble to form a membrane
3 0.006 c) Water freezes and Sodium chloride dissolves in water
1 0.002 d) Water evaporation and Several different types of
lipid molecules assemble to form a membrane
17 0.033 e) All of the listed processes have positive entropy
change

10. If gas molecules in an enclosed space are allowed to enter a

second chamber, the resulting redistribution of gas molecules
represents an increase in
0 0.000 a) enthalpy
505 0.992 b) entropy##
0 0.000 c) force
3 0.006 d) enthalpy and force
1 0.002 e) all of the rest

11. If a reaction at 37C has a H of 23 kJ/mol and a S of 337 J/Kmol,

what is the G for the reaction?
2 0.004 a) 65 kJ/mol
9 0.018 b) -42 kJ/mol
4 0.008 c) 18 kJ/mol
7 0.014 d) -19 kJ/mol##
487 0.957 e) none of the rest

12. For the reaction in which reactant A is converted to product B,

the values of H (kJ/mol) and S (J/[Link]) for A are 54 and 22; and for
B are 60 and 43. Which of the following statements is correct?
424 0.833 a) The reaction is not favourable at 4 Degree C but
favourable at 37 Degree C##
25 0.049 b) The reaction is not favourable at both 4 and 37
Degree C
 35 0.069 c) The reaction is favourable at both 4 and 47 Degree C
22 0.043 d) The reaction is favourable at 4 Degree C but not
favourable at 37 Degree C
2 0.004 e) None of the listed statements is correct

13. Urea (NH2CONH2) dissolves readily in water; i.e., this is a

spontaneous process. The beaker containing the dissolved compound is
cold to the touch. Which of the following statements is correct?
277 0.544 a) Delta H is positive and Delta S is positive##
10 0.020 b) Delta H is positive and Delta S is negative
209 0.411 c) Delta H is negative and Delta S is positive
7 0.014 d) Delta H is negative and Delta S is negative
6 0.012 e) The sign of Delta S cannot be determined from given
information

14. The similarity of one organism to another (for example a

bacteria versus a human) is most easily done by comparing which
biopolymer?
500 0.982 a) nucleic acids##
2 0.004 b) polysaccharides
6 0.012 c) proteins
0 0.000 d) lipids
1 0.002 e) all of the rest
 1. Antifreeze proteins can be found in
1 0.002 a) Radiator fluid of automobile
1 0.002 b) Overwintering insect larvae
5 0.011 c) Fish living in polar regions
0 0.000 d) Overwintering cereal plants
463 0.983 e) All of the rest except radiator fluid##

2. A non spontaneous process

8 0.017 a) can proceeds without the addition of free energy
7 0.015 b) has a delta G < 0
3 0.006 c) is exergonic
426 0.904 d) can proceeds only with the addition of free energy##
25 0.053 e) none of the rest

3. An increase in disorder
5 0.011 a) is found in every exergonic process
5 0.011 b) is characteristic of a system increasing in enthalpy
6 0.013 c) is required for a process to be spontaneous
1 0.002 d) results in a decrease in entropy
453 0.962 e) results in the factor T delta S being positive##

4. The free energy change for the reaction A => B at 25 degree C.

Given enthalpy ([Link]-1) and entropy ([Link]-1) for A and B are: A
enthalpy = 60; entropy = 22; B enthalpy = 75; entropy = 97. Zero
degree C = 273 Kelvin. Delta G = Delta H – T Delta S.
459 0.975 a) -7.4 [Link]-1##
3 0.006 b) 7.4 [Link]-1
2 0.004 c) -3.7 [Link]-1
1 0.002 d) 3.7 [Link]-1
5 0.011 e) none of the rest

5. If the following two reactions were coupled, what would be the

Delta G for the overall exergonic reaction?
ATP + H2O -> ADP + Pi Delta G = -31
kJ/mol
Glucose + Pi -> glucose-1-phosphate + H2O Delta G = 21
kJ/mol
1 0.002 a) -52 kJ/mol
468 0.994 b) -10 kJ/mol##
0 0.000 c) 10 kJ/mol
1 0.002 d) 52 kJ/mol
0 0.000 e) none of the rest

6. Considering the energetics of transferring nonpolar molecules

from water to a nonpolar solvent, the factor T delta S is generally
_____, causing delta G to be _____.
446 0.947 a) positive; negative##
6 0.013 b) negative; negative
14 0.030 c) negative; positive
3 0.006 d) positive; positive
 1 0.002 e) negligible; either positive or negative

7. If gas molecules in an enclosed space are allowed to enter a

second chamber, the resulting redistribution of gas molecules
represents an increase in
1 0.002 a) enthalpy
469 0.996 b) entropy##
0 0.000 c) force
0 0.000 d) enthalpy and force
0 0.000 e) all of the rest

8. Which of the following biopolymers is correctly paired with the

bond that forms between the monomers?
0 0.000 a) protein: ester bond
466 0.989 b) polysaccharide: glycosidic bond##
0 0.000 c) DNA: phosphate bond
0 0.000 d) RNA: phosphate bond
4 0.008 e) all of the rest

9. Which of the following statements is incorrect

2 0.004 a) Photosynthetic organisms use energy from the sun to
synthesize carbohydrate
378 0.803 b) The majority of the solar energy captured by
photosynthetic organisms are stored as starch##
3 0.006 c) Part of the Solar energy captured by photosynthetic
organisms are used to synthesize cellulose
13 0.028 d) Energy stored in both starch and cellulose are
eventually released by enzyme catalyzed processes
74 0.157 e) All of the rest are correct statements

10. The similarity of one organism to another (for example a

bacteria versus a human) is most easily done by comparing which
biopolymer?
467 0.992 a) nucleic acids##
0 0.000 b) polysaccharides
1 0.002 c) proteins
1 0.002 d) lipids
1 0.002 e) all of the rest

11. Photosynthetic organisms use energy from the sun to reduce _____
to _____.
0 0.000 a) formaldehyde; ethanol
1 0.002 b) CO2; ethanol
451 0.958 c) CO2; carbohydrates##
16 0.034 d) CO2; oxygen
2 0.004 e) none of the rest

12. Under which of the following conditions would the reaction be

spontaneous at all temperatures?
3 0.006 a) ΔH and ΔS both negative
 5 0.011 b) ΔH and ΔS both positive
7 0.015 c) ΔH positive and ΔS negative
451 0.958 d) ΔH negative and ΔS positive##
4 0.008 e) None of the rest

13. Which of the following molecules is in the most oxidized form?

15 0.032 a) NH3
400 0.849 b) NO3-##
13 0.028 c) NH2OH
32 0.068 d) NO2-
9 0.019 e) None of the rest

14. Which of the following would represent an increase in entropy?

2 0.004 a) Ice freezes
2 0.004 b) Traffic congestion on highway
465 0.987 c) Dismissal of class when bell rings##
1 0.002 d) Sewing a garment
0 0.000 e) Filing papers

15. Which of the following molecules contains the most oxidized form
of carbon?
8 0.017 a) acetaldehyde
5 0.011 b) ethanol
18 0.038 c) acetic acid
7 0.015 d) ethylene
432 0.917 e) carbon dioxide##

16. A compound that present in many foods has the formula

C44H86O8NP. To which class of molecules does this compound belong?
137 0.291 a) nucleic acids
24 0.051 b) polysaccharides
123 0.261 c) proteins
168 0.357 d) lipids##
18 0.038 e) none of the rest

17. A healthy diet must include some protein. Assuming you had a way
to measure the amount of each element in a sample of food, which
element would you measure in order to tell whether the food contained
protein?
0 0.000 a) Carbon
1 0.002 b) Oxygen
469 0.996 c) Nitrogen##
0 0.000 d) Phosphorus
0 0.000 e) Hydrogen

18. Which of the following compound is the most soluble in water?

90 0.191 a) Alanine
324 0.688 b) Glucose##
21 0.045 c) Palmitate
12 0.025 d) Cholesterol
 23 0.049 e) All compounds have similar solubilities in water

19. The complete digestion of starch in human yields 4 kilocalories

per gram. What is the energy yield for cellulose in human?
382 0.811 a) 0 kilocalorie per gram##
3 0.006 b) 1 kilocalorie per gram
14 0.030 c) 2 kilocalories per gram
2 0.004 d) 3 kilocalories per gram
69 0.146 e) 4 kilocalories per gram

20. Which of the following processes has a negative entropy change?

455 0.966 a) Water freezes##
4 0.008 b) Water evaporates
3 0.006 c) Dry ice sublimes
5 0.011 d) Sodium chloride dissolves in water
2 0.004 e) Treatment of a biological membrane with detergent

21. Which of the following processes can never be spontaneous?

6 0.013 a) A reaction that occurs with any size decrease in
enthalpy and any size increase in entropy
6 0.013 b) A reaction that occurs with a small increase in
enthalpy and a large increase in entropy
8 0.017 c) A reaction that occurs with a large decrease in
enthalpy and a small decrease in entropy
397 0.843 d) A reaction that occurs with any size increase in
enthalpy and any size decrease in entropy##
53 0.113 e) All of the given processes can be spontaneous at
certain temperature
 1. If the following two reactions were coupled, what would be the
Delta G for the overall exergonic reaction?
ATP + H2O -> ADP + Pi Delta G = -31
kJ/mol
Glucose + Pi -> glucose-1-phosphate + H2O Delta G = 21
kJ/mol
0 0.000 a) -52 kJ/mol
468 0.996 b) -10 kJ/mol##
1 0.002 c) 10 kJ/mol
1 0.002 d) 52 kJ/mol
0 0.000 e) none of the rest

2. The similarity of one organism to another (for example a

bacteria versus a human) is most easily done by comparing which
biopolymer?
470 1.000 a) nucleic acids##
0 0.000 b) polysaccharides
0 0.000 c) proteins
0 0.000 d) lipids
0 0.000 e) all of the rest

3. Which elements are found in simple carbohydrates?

469 0.998 a) carbon, hydrogen and oxygen##
1 0.002 b) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
0 0.000 c) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and phosphorous
0 0.000 d) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur
0 0.000 e) none of the rest

4. Antifreeze proteins can be found in

3 0.006 a) Radiator fluid of automobile
0 0.000 b) Overwintering insect larvae
2 0.004 c) Fish living in polar regions
0 0.000 d) Overwintering cereal plants
465 0.989 e) All of the rest except radiator fluid##

5. If gas molecules in an enclosed space are allowed to enter a

second chamber, the resulting redistribution of gas molecules
represents an increase in
0 0.000 a) enthalpy
469 0.998 b) entropy##
0 0.000 c) force
1 0.002 d) enthalpy and force
0 0.000 e) all of the rest

6. Which of the major types of biomolecules is never found in a

polymeric form?
0 0.000 a) amino acids
0 0.000 b) carbohydrates
0 0.000 c) nucleotides
468 0.996 d) lipids##
 2 0.004 e) none of the rest

7. Which of the following biopolymers is correctly paired with the

bond that forms between the monomers?
0 0.000 a) protein: ester bond
469 0.998 b) polysaccharide: glycosidic bond##
0 0.000 c) DNA: phosphate bond
0 0.000 d) RNA: phosphate bond
1 0.002 e) all of the rest

8. Which of the biopolymers is correctly paired with its major

function?
0 0.000 a) protein: information encoding
0 0.000 b) nucleic acids: energy storage
1 0.002 c) lipids: information encoding
469 0.998 d) polysaccharide: energy storage##
0 0.000 e) none of the rest

9. An increase in disorder
0 0.000 a) is found in every exergonic process
0 0.000 b) is characteristic of a system increasing in enthalpy
1 0.002 c) is required for a process to be spontaneous
1 0.002 d) results in a decrease in entropy
468 0.996 e) results in delta S being positive##

10. Phosphate, with a pK1 of 2.15 and a pK2 of 6.82, will be mostly
in the H3PO4 form at pH 0.5. At pH 4.5 it is mostly in the
_________________________ forms.
4 0.009 a) H3PO4
450 0.957 b) H2PO4(1-)##
13 0.028 c) HPO4(2-)
3 0.006 d) PO4(3-)
0 0.000 e) none of the rest

11. A solution of buffer at a pH of 8.5 with a pK = 7.5 would have

more capacity to buffer the addition of
440 0.936 a) acid versus base##
26 0.055 b) base versus acid
0 0.000 c) PO4(3-)
3 0.006 d) HPO4(2-) and PO4(3-)
1 0.002 e) none of the rest

12. A phosphate buffer solution at a pH = pK2 = 6.82 would have

equal amounts of phosphate in the ____________ form and the H2PO4(1-)
form.
432 0.919 a) HPO4(2-)##
1 0.002 b) H2PO4(1-)
37 0.079 c) H3PO4
0 0.000 d) disordered
0 0.000 e) tetrahedral
 13. Hydrogen bonds within liquid water:
0 0.000 a) are attractions between the protons of the oxygen
nuclei
468 0.996 b) are dipole-dipole attraction##
2 0.004 c) are ion-induced dipole attractions
0 0.000 d) are attractions between two hydrogen atoms
0 0.000 e) are attractions between the H(+) and OH(-) ions of
the liquid

14. In a hydrogen bond between a water molecule and another

biomolecule:
0 0.000 a) a hydrogen ion on the water molecule forms an ionic
bond with a hydride ion on the other molecule
0 0.000 b) the partial charge on a hydrogen of the water
interacts with the partial charge on a hydrogen of the other molecule
470 1.000 c) the hydrogen bond will typically form between a
hydrogen atom and either a nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atom##
0 0.000 d) a hydrogen on the water molecule forms a covalent
bond to a hydrogen atom on the other molecule
0 0.000 e) the hydrogen atom is located between an oxygen atom
of the water and a carbon atom of the other molecule

15. Hydrophobic interactions between nonpolar molecules or groups:

10.002 a) result from the tendency to maximize water’s contact
with nonpolar molecules
464 0.987 b) require the presence of surrounding water
molecules##
1 0.002 c) are the result of strong attractions between
nonpolar regions
3 0.006 d) are the result of strong repulsion between water and
nonpolar regions
1 0.002 e) depend on strong permanent dipoles in the nonpolar
molecules

16. To make a phosphate buffer at pH 6.82 starting with one liter of

10 mM phosphoric acid (H3PO4; pKs are of 2.15, 6.82, and 12.38), you
could add
439 0.934 a) 15 millimoles of KOH##
5 0.011 b) 20 millimoles of HCL
23 0.049 c) 25 millimoles of KOH
3 0.006 d) 25 millimoles of HCL
0 0.000 e) You cannot make a buffer by adding HCL or KOH

17. To make an acetate buffer at pH 4.76 (pK = 4.76) starting with

500 mL of 0.1 M sodium acetate (pK = 4.76), you could add:
9 0.019 a) 0.1 moles of HCL
453 0.964 b) 0.025 moles of HCL##
7 0.015 c) You can’t make a buffer by adding HCL or NaOH
1 0.002 d) 0.1 moles of NaOH
 0 0.000 e) 0.2 moles of HCL

18. Given log (0.00001)=-5; log(0.0001)=-4; and log(0.001)=-3. If

you added a drop (about 0.05 mL) of 1.0 M HCL to one liter of pure
water (assume pH 7.0), the pH would become:
2 0.004 a) 7.0 (there would be no significant change)
465 0.989 b) 4.3##
1 0.002 c) 5.0
1 0.002 d) 2.7
1 0.002 e) 9.7

19. What is the ratio of citric acid (pK1=3.09) to monosodium

citrate in a 1.0 M citric acid solution with a pH = 4.09?
3 0.006 a) 10:11
1 0.002 b) 1:11
51 0.109 c) 10:1
0 0.000 d) 1:1
415 0.883 e) 1:10##

20. The strongest non-covalent interactions are:

0 0.000 a) van der Waal forces
0 0.000 b) London dispersion forces
7 0.015 c) hydrogen bonds
0 0.000 d) dipole-dipole interaction
463 0.985 e) ionic interactions##

21. Assuming you had a way to measure the amount of protein in a

sample of food, which of the following elements would you measure in
order to tell whether the food contained protein
0 0.000 a) oxygen
0 0.000 b) hydrogen
1 0.002 c) potassium
0 0.000 d) carbon
469 0.998 e) nitrogen##

22. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, pH = pK + log {[A-] /[HA]} ,

indicates that when the _____ of a solution containing acid is equal
to the _________ of that acid, then the acid is half deprotonated.
468 0.996 a) pH and pK##
1 0.002 b) base and OH-
0 0.000 c) log pH and log pOH
1 0.002 d) H+ and pK
0 0.000 e) log [A-] and pH

23. What is the final pH of a solution with 50 mL of a stock

solution of 2.0 M K2HPO4 and 25 mL of a stock solution of 2.0 M
KH2PO4; diluted to a final volume of 200 mL. (pK=6.82; log(1) = 0;
log(2)=0.3; log(3)=0.48; log(5)=0.7).
4 0.009 a) 6.82
6 0.013 b) 6.52
 458 0.974 c) 7.12##
2 0.004 d) 5.82
0 0.000 e) 7.3

24. The free energy change for the reaction A => B at 25 degree C.
Given enthalpy ([Link]-1) and entropy ([Link]-1) for A and B are: A
enthalpy = 60; entropy = 22; B enthalpy = 75; entropy = 97. Zero
degree C = 273 Kelvin. Delta G = Delta H – T Delta S.
464 0.987 a) -7.4 [Link]-1##
1 0.002 b) 7.4 [Link]-1
1 0.002 c) -3.7 [Link]-1
1 0.002 d) 3.7 [Link]-1
3 0.006 e) none of the rest

25. A soccer coach keeps a couple of instant cold packs in her bag
in case one of her players suffers a muscle injury. Instant cold packs
are composed of a plastic bag containing a smaller water bag and solid
ammonium nitrate. In order to activate the fold pack, the bag is
kneaded until the smaller water bag breaks, which allows the released
water to dissolve the ammonium nitrate. Which of the following
statements about the dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water is
correct?
3 0.006 a) Delta G > 0
456 0.970 b) Delta S > 0##
5 0.011 c) Delta H < 0
0 0.000 d) Delta T > 0
6 0.013 e) Delta H < Delta S
 1. If the following two reactions were coupled, what would be the
Delta G for the overall exergonic reaction?
ATP + H2O -> ADP + Pi Delta G = -31
kJ/mol
Glucose + Pi -> glucose-1-phosphate + H2O Delta G = 21
kJ/mol
2 0.004 a) -52 kJ/mol
464 0.996 b) -10 kJ/mol##
0 0.000 c) 10 kJ/mol
0 0.000 d) 52 kJ/mol
0 0.000 e) none of the rest

2. The similarity of one organism to another (for example a

bacteria versus a human) is most easily done by comparing which
biopolymer?
463 0.994 a) nucleic acids##
1 0.002 b) polysaccharides
2 0.004 c) proteins
0 0.000 d) lipids
0 0.000 e) all of the rest

3. Which elements are found in simple carbohydrates?

458 0.983 a) carbon, hydrogen and oxygen##
7 0.015 b) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
0 0.000 c) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and phosphorous
1 0.002 d) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur
0 0.000 e) none of the rest

4. Antifreeze proteins can be found in

3 0.006 a) Radiator fluid of automobile
1 0.002 b) Overwintering insect larvae
3 0.006 c) Fish living in polar regions
0 0.000 d) Overwintering cereal plants
459 0.985 e) All of the rest except radiator fluid##

5. If gas molecules in an enclosed space are allowed to enter a

second chamber, the resulting redistribution of gas molecules
represents an increase in
3 0.006 a) enthalpy
463 0.994 b) entropy##
0 0.000 c) force
0 0.000 d) enthalpy and force
0 0.000 e) all of the rest

6. Which of the major types of biomolecules is never found in a

polymeric form?
1 0.002 a) amino acids
2 0.004 b) carbohydrates
0 0.000 c) nucleotides
463 0.994 d) lipids##
 0 0.000 e) none of the rest

7. Which of the following biopolymers is correctly paired with the

bond that forms between the monomers?
1 0.002 a) protein: ester bond
463 0.994 b) polysaccharide: glycosidic bond##
0 0.000 c) DNA: phosphate bond
0 0.000 d) RNA: phosphate bond
2 0.004 e) all of the rest

8. Which of the biopolymers is correctly paired with its major

function?
0 0.000 a) protein: information encoding
0 0.000 b) nucleic acids: energy storage
0 0.000 c) lipids: information encoding
466 1.000 d) polysaccharide: energy storage##
0 0.000 e) none of the rest

9. An increase in disorder
4 0.009 a) is found in every exergonic process
3 0.006 b) is characteristic of a system increasing in enthalpy
3 0.006 c) is required for a process to be spontaneous
0 0.000 d) results in a decrease in entropy
456 0.979 e) results in delta S being positive##

10. Phosphate, with a pK1 of 2.15 and a pK2 of 6.82, will be mostly
in the HPO4(2-) form at pH 7.2. At pH 1 it is mostly in the
_________________________ forms.
447 0.959 a) H3PO4##
10 0.021 b) H2PO4(1-)
2 0.004 c) HPO4(2-)
7 0.015 d) PO4(3-)
0 0.000 e) none of the rest

11. A solution of buffer at a pH of 8.5 with a pK = 9.5 would have

more capacity to buffer the addition of
40 0.086 a) acid versus base
420 0.901 b) base versus acid##
0 0.000 c) PO4(3-)
6 0.013 d) HPO4(2-) and PO4(3-)
0 0.000 e) none of the rest

12. A phosphate buffer solution at a pH = pK1 = 2.15 would have

equal amounts of phosphate in the ____________ form and the H2PO4(1-)
form.
11 0.024 a) HPO4(2-)
4 0.009 b) H2PO4(1-)
450 0.966 c) H3PO4##
1 0.002 d) disordered
0 0.000 e) tetrahedral
 13. Hydrogen bonds within liquid water:
3 0.006 a) are attractions between the protons of the oxygen
nuclei
451 0.968 b) are dipole-dipole attraction##
2 0.004 c) are ion-induced dipole attractions
1 0.002 d) are attractions between two hydrogen atoms
9 0.019 e) are attractions between the H(+) and OH(-) ions of
the liquid

14. In a hydrogen bond between a water molecule and another

biomolecule:
0 0.000 a) a hydrogen ion on the water molecule forms an ionic
bond with a hydride ion on the other molecule
3 0.006 b) the partial charge on a hydrogen of the water
interacts with the partial charge on a hydrogen of the other molecule
463 0.994 c) the hydrogen bond will typically form between a
hydrogen atom and either a nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atom##
0 0.000 d) a hydrogen on the water molecule forms a covalent
bond to a hydrogen atom on the other molecule
0 0.000 e) the hydrogen atom is located between an oxygen atom
of the water and a carbon atom of the other molecule

15. Hydrophobic interactions between nonpolar molecules or groups:

20.004 a) result from the tendency to maximize water’s contact
with nonpolar molecules
438 0.940 b) require the presence of surrounding water
molecules##
2 0.004 c) are the result of strong attractions between
nonpolar regions
24 0.052 d) are the result of strong repulsion between water and
nonpolar regions
0 0.000 e) depend on strong permanent dipoles in the nonpolar
molecules

16. To make a phosphate buffer at pH 12.38 starting with one liter

of 10 mM phosphoric acid (H3PO4; pKs are of 2.15, 6.82, and 12.38),
you could add
10 0.021 a) 15 millimoles of KOH
1 0.002 b) 20 millimoles of HCL
450 0.966 c) 25 millimoles of KOH##
3 0.006 d) 25 millimoles of HCL
1 0.002 e) You cannot make a buffer by adding HCL or KOH

17. To make an acetate buffer at pH 4.76 (pK = 4.76) starting with

500 mL of 0.1 M sodium acetate (pK = 4.76), you could add:
20 0.043 a) 0.1 moles of HCL
436 0.936 b) 0.025 moles of HCL##
4 0.009 c) You can’t make a buffer by adding HCL or NaOH
3 0.006 d) 0.1 moles of NaOH
 3 0.006 e) 0.2 moles of HCL

18. Given log (0.00001)=-5; log(0.0001)=-4; and log(0.001)=-3. If

you added a drop (about 0.05 mL) of 1.0 M HCL to one liter of pure
water (assume pH 7.0), the pH would become:
4 0.009 a) 7.0 (there would be no significant change)
455 0.976 b) 4.3##
4 0.009 c) 5.0
1 0.002 d) 2.7
1 0.002 e) 9.7

19. What is the ratio of citric acid (pK1=3.09) to monosodium

citrate in a 1.0 M citric acid solution with a pH = 2.09?
3 0.006 a) 10:11
1 0.002 b) 1:11
429 0.921 c) 10:1##
0 0.000 d) 1:1
32 0.069 e) 1:10

20. The strongest non-covalent interactions are:

1 0.002 a) van der Waal forces
0 0.000 b) London dispersion forces
6 0.013 c) hydrogen bonds
2 0.004 d) dipole-dipole interaction
457 0.981 e) ionic interactions##

21. Assuming you had a way to measure the amount of protein in a

sample of food, which of the following elements would you measure in
order to tell whether the food contained protein
0 0.000 a) oxygen
1 0.002 b) hydrogen
2 0.004 c) potassium
1 0.002 d) carbon
461 0.989 e) nitrogen##

22. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, pH = pK + log {[A-] /[HA]} ,

indicates that when the _____ of a solution containing acid is equal
to the _________ of that acid, then the acid is half deprotonated.
463 0.994 a) pH and pK##
0 0.000 b) base and OH-
2 0.004 c) log pH and log pOH
0 0.000 d) H+ and pK
1 0.002 e) log [A-] and pH

23. What is the final pH of a solution with 50 mL of a stock

solution of 2.0 M K2HPO4 and 25 mL of a stock solution of 2.0 M
KH2PO4; diluted to a final volume of 200 mL. (pK=6.82; log(1) = 0;
log(2)=0.3; log(3)=0.48; log(5)=0.7).
7 0.015 a) 6.82
11 0.024 b) 6.52
 443 0.951 c) 7.12##
1 0.002 d) 5.82
4 0.009 e) 7.3

24. The free energy change for the reaction A => B at 25 degree C.
Given enthalpy ([Link]-1) and entropy ([Link]-1) for A and B are: A
enthalpy = 60; entropy = 22; B enthalpy = 75; entropy = 97. Zero
degree C = 273 Kelvin. Delta G = Delta H – T Delta S.
454 0.974 a) -7.4 [Link]-1##
4 0.009 b) 7.4 [Link]-1
2 0.004 c) -3.7 [Link]-1
1 0.002 d) 3.7 [Link]-1
5 0.011 e) none of the rest

25. A soccer coach keeps a couple of instant cold packs in her bag
in case one of her players suffers a muscle injury. Instant cold packs
are composed of a plastic bag containing a smaller water bag and solid
ammonium nitrate. In order to activate the fold pack, the bag is
kneaded until the smaller water bag breaks, which allows the released
water to dissolve the ammonium nitrate. Which of the following
statements about the dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water is
correct?
6 0.013 a) Delta G > 0
443 0.951 b) Delta S > 0##
7 0.015 c) Delta H < 0
0 0.000 d) Delta T > 0
9 0.019 e) Delta H < Delta S
 1. Antifreeze proteins can be found in
6 0.013 a) Radiator fluid of automobile
5 0.011 b) Overwintering insect larvae
96 0.207 c) Fish living in polar regions
2 0.004 d) Overwintering cereal plants
355 0.765 e) All of the rest except radiator fluid##

2. A spontaneous process
0 0.000 a) occurs without the addition of free energy
11 0.024 b) has a delta G < 0
2 0.004 c) is exergonic
450 0.970 d) all of the rest##
1 0.002 e) none of the rest

3. An increase in disorder
6 0.013 a) is found in every exergonic process
0 0.000 b) is characteristic of a system increasing in enthalpy
2 0.004 c) is required for a process to be spontaneous
2 0.004 d) results in a decrease in entropy
454 0.978 e) results in the factor T delta S being positive##

4. The free energy change for the reaction A => B at 25 degree C.

Given enthalpy ([Link]-1) and entropy ([Link]-1) for A and B are: A
enthalpy = 60; entropy = 22; B enthalpy = 75; entropy = 97. Zero
degree C = 273 Kelvin. Delta G = Delta H – T Delta S.
448 0.966 a) -7.4 [Link]-1##
4 0.009 b) 7.4 [Link]-1
3 0.006 c) -3.7 [Link]-1
0 0.000 d) 3.7 [Link]-1
9 0.019 e) none of the rest

5. If the following two reactions were coupled, what would be the

Delta G for the overall exergonic reaction?
ATP + H2O -> ADP + Pi Delta G = -31
kJ/mol
Glucose + Pi -> glucose-1-phosphate + H2O Delta G = 21
kJ/mol
4 0.009 a) -52 kJ/mol
450 0.970 b) -10 kJ/mol##
2 0.004 c) 10 kJ/mol
7 0.015 d) 52 kJ/mol
1 0.002 e) none of the rest

6. Considering the energetics of transferring nonpolar molecules

from water to a nonpolar solvent, the factor T delta S is generally
_____, causing delta G to be _____.
402 0.866 a) positive; negative##
16 0.034 b) negative; negative
35 0.075 c) negative; positive
5 0.011 d) positive; positive
 6 0.013 e) negligible; either positive or negative

7. If gas molecules in an enclosed space are allowed to enter a

second chamber, the resulting redistribution of gas molecules
represents an increase in
2 0.004 a) enthalpy
462 0.996 b) entropy##
0 0.000 c) force
0 0.000 d) enthalpy and force
0 0.000 e) all of the rest

8. Which of the following biopolymers is correctly paired with the

bond that forms between the monomers?
0 0.000 a) protein: ester bond
457 0.985 b) polysaccharide: glycosidic bond##
1 0.002 c) DNA: phosphate bond
0 0.000 d) RNA: phosphate bond
6 0.013 e) all of the rest

9. Which of the following statements is incorrect

9 0.019 a) Photosynthetic organisms use energy from the sun to
synthesize carbohydrate
52 0.112 b) The majority of the solar energy captured by
photosynthetic organisms are stored as starch##
13 0.028 c) Part of the Solar energy captured by photosynthetic
organisms are used to synthesize cellulose
85 0.183 d) Energy stored in both starch and cellulose are
eventually released by enzyme catalyzed processes
305 0.657 e) All of the rest are correct statements

10. The similarity of one organism to another (for example a

bacteria versus a human) is most easily done by comparing which
biopolymer?
460 0.991 a) nucleic acids##
2 0.004 b) polysaccharides
1 0.002 c) proteins
0 0.000 d) lipids
1 0.002 e) all of the rest

11. In a hydrogen bond between a water molecule and another

biomolecule:
1 0.002 a) a hydrogen ion on the water molecule forms an ionic
bond with a hydride ion on the other molecule
0 0.000 b) the partial charge on a hydrogen of the water
interacts with the partial charge on a hydrogen of the other molecule
462 0.996 c) the hydrogen bond will typically form between a
hydrogen atom and either a nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atom##
1 0.002 d) a hydrogen on the water molecule forms a covalent
bond to a hydrogen atom on the other molecule
0 0.000 e) the hydrogen atom is located between an oxygen atom
of the water and a carbon atom of the other molecule

12. A gaseous mixture of hydrogen, water, ammonia and methane can

produce which of the biomolecules when exposed to an electrical
discharge (such as lightening)?
7 0.015 a) carbohydrates
43 0.093 b) nucleotides
0 0.000 c) lipids
401 0.864 d) amino acids##
13 0.028 e) none of the rest

13. Photosynthetic organisms use energy from the sun to reduce _____
to _____.
1 0.002 a) formaldehyde; ethanol
2 0.004 b) CO2; ethanol
372 0.802 c) CO2; carbohydrates##
82 0.177 d) CO2; oxygen
7 0.015 e) none of the rest

14. Which of the following is a physical property of water that

results from hydrogen bonding?
4 0.009 a) high boiling point relative to molecular weight
4 0.009 b) a solid state that is less dense than the liquid
state
10 0.022 c) high surface tension
3 0.006 d) ability to solubilize polar molecules
443 0.955 e) all of the rest##

15. Due to the formation of hydrogen bonds, _____ is highly soluble

in water.
46 0.099 a) carbon dioxide
78 0.168 b) sodium chloride
334 0.720 c) methanol##
0 0.000 d) octane
6 0.013 e) cholesterol

16. Which of the following functional groups has two hydrogen bond
donors and one hydrogen bond acceptor?
44 0.095 a) alcohol
19 0.041 b) ester
13 0.028 c) thiol
287 0.619 d) amine
101 0.218 e) amide##

17. Phosphate, with a pK2 of 6.82, will be mostly in the H2PO4(1-)

form at pH 5.82. At pH 7.2 it is mostly in the
_________________________ forms.
10 0.022 a) H3PO4
10 0.022 b) H2PO4(1-)
441 0.950 c) HPO4(2-)##
 3 0.006 d) PO4(3-)
0 0.000 e) none of the rest

18. A solution of phosphate buffer at a pH of 6.82 with a pK2 = 6.82

would have more capacity to buffer the addition of
30 0.065 a) acid versus base
40 0.086 b) base versus acid
6 0.013 c) PO4(3-)
201 0.433 d) HPO4(2-) and H2PO4(1-)##
187 0.403 e) none of the rest

19. A phosphate buffer solution at a pH = pK3 = 12.38 would have

equal amounts of phosphate in the ____________ form and the HPO4(2-)
form.
2 0.004 a) HPO4(2-)
35 0.075 b) H2PO4(1-)
427 0.920 c) PO4(3-)##
0 0.000 d) disordered
0 0.000 e) tetrahedral

20. To make a phosphate buffer at pH 12.38 starting with one liter

of 10 mM phosphoric acid (H3PO4; pKs are of 2.15, 6.82, and 12.38),
you could add
11 0.024 a) 15 millimoles of KOH
1 0.002 b) 20 millimoles of HCL
435 0.938 c) 25 millimoles of KOH##
13 0.028 d) 25 millimoles of HCL
3 0.006 e) You cannot make a buffer by adding HCL or KOH

21. To make a phosphate buffer at pH 9.6 starting with one liter of

10 mM phosphoric acid (H3PO4; pKs are of 2.15, 6.82, and 12.38), you
could add
353 0.761 a) 20 millimoles of KOH##
12 0.026 b) 20 millimoles of HCL
5 0.011 c) 25 millimoles of HCL
59 0.127 d) 15 millimoles of KOH
35 0.075 e) You can’t make a buffer by adding HCL or KOH

22. To make an acetate buffer at pH 4.76 (pK = 4.76) starting with

500 mL of 0.4 M sodium acetate (pK = 4.76), you could add:
376 0.810 a) 0.1 moles of HCL##
42 0.091 b) 0.025 moles of HCL
3 0.006 c) You can’t make a buffer by adding HCL or NaOH
9 0.019 d) 0.1 moles of NaOH
34 0.073 e) 0.2 moles of HCL

23. What is the final pH of a solution with 50 mL of a stock

solution of 2.0 M K2HPO4 and 25 mL of a stock solution of 2.0 M
KH2PO4; diluted to a final volume of 200 mL. (pK=6.82; log(1) = 0;
log(2)=0.3; log(3)=0.48; log(5)=0.7).
 6 0.013 a) 6.82
10 0.022 b) 6.52
441 0.950 c) 7.12##
2 0.004 d) 5.82
5 0.011 e) 7.3

24. Given log (0.00001)=-5; log(0.0001)=-4; and log(0.001)=-3. If

you added a drop (about 0.05 mL) of 1.0 M HCL to one liter of pure
water (assume pH 7.0), the pH would become:
3 0.006 a) 7.0 (there would be no significant change)
456 0.983 b) 4.3##
3 0.006 c) 5.0
1 0.002 d) 2.7
1 0.002 e) 9.7

25. What is the ratio of citric acid (pK1=3.09) to monosodium

citrate in a 1.0 M citric acid solution with a pH = 4.09?
2 0.004 a) 10:11
8 0.017 b) 1:11
99 0.213 c) 10:1
3 0.006 d) 1:1
352 0.759 e) 1:10##
 1. If the following two reactions were coupled, what would be the
Delta G for the overall exergonic reaction?
ATP + H2O -> ADP + Pi Delta G = -31
kJ/mol
Glucose + Pi -> glucose-1-phosphate + H2O Delta G = 21
kJ/mol
20 0.050 a) -52 kJ/mol
365 0.917 b) -10 kJ/mol##
0 0.000 c) 10 kJ/mol
13 0.033 d) 52 kJ/mol
0 0.000 e) none of the rest

2. The similarity of one organism to another (for example a

bacteria versus a human) is most easily done by comparing which
biopolymer?
373 0.937 a) nucleic acids##
4 0.010 b) polysaccharides
13 0.033 c) proteins
1 0.003 d) lipids
6 0.015 e) all of the rest

3. Which elements are found in simple carbohydrates?

392 0.985 a) carbon, hydrogen and oxygen##
2 0.005 b) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
1 0.003 c) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and phosphorous
1 0.003 d) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur
2 0.005 e) none of the rest

4. Which of the following is the most abundant element in the human

body?
9 0.023 a) nitrogen
290 0.729 b) carbon##
28 0.070 c) oxygen
0 0.000 d) phosphorous
71 0.178 e) none of the above

5. If gas molecules in an enclosed space are allowed to enter a

second chamber, the resulting redistribution of gas molecules
represents an increase in
0 0.000 a) enthalpy
398 1.000 b) entropy##
0 0.000 c) force
0 0.000 d) enthalpy and force
0 0.000 e) all of the rest

6. Which of the major types of biomolecules is never found in a

polymeric form?
0 0.000 a) amino acids
0 0.000 b) carbohydrates
1 0.003 c) nucleotides
 395 0.992 d) lipids##
2 0.005 e) none of the rest

7. Which of the following biopolymers is correctly paired with the

bond that forms between the monomers?
0 0.000 a) protein: ester bond
390 0.980 b) polysaccharide: glycosidic bond##
1 0.003 c) DNA: phosphate bond
0 0.000 d) RNA: phosphate bond
7 0.018 e) all of the rest

8. Which of the biopolymers is correctly paired with its major

function?
1 0.003 a) protein: information encoding
0 0.000 b) nucleic acids: energy storage
0 0.000 c) lipids: information encoding
395 0.992 d) polysaccharide: energy storage##
2 0.005 e) none of the rest

9. An increase in disorder
3 0.008 a) is found in every exergonic process
3 0.008 b) is characteristic of a system increasing in enthalpy
9 0.023 c) is required for a process to be spontaneous
3 0.008 d) results in a decrease in entropy
380 0.955 e) results in the factor T delta S being positive##

10. Phosphate, with a pK1 of 2.15 and a pK2 of 6.82, will be mostly
in the HPO4(2-) form at pH 7.2. At pH 1 it is mostly in the
_________________________ forms.
378 0.950 a) H3PO4##
12 0.030 b) H2PO4(1-)
6 0.015 c) HPO4(2-)
2 0.005 d) PO4(3-)
0 0.000 e) none of the rest

11. A solution of buffer at a pH of 8.5 with a pK = 9.5 would have

more capacity to buffer the addition of
102 0.256 a) acid versus base
295 0.741 b) base versus acid##
0 0.000 c) PO4(3-)
0 0.000 d) HPO4(2-) and PO4(3-)
1 0.003 e) none of the rest

12. A phosphate buffer solution at a pH = pK1 = 2.15 would have

equal amounts of phosphate in the ____________ form and the H2PO4(1-)
form.
8 0.020 a) HPO4(2-)
0 0.000 b) H2PO4(1-)
390 0.980 c) H3PO4##
0 0.000 d) disordered
 0 0.000 e) tetrahedral

13. Hydrogen bonds within liquid water:

0 0.000 a) are attractions between the protons of the oxygen
nuclei
390 0.980 b) are dipole-dipole attraction##
1 0.003 c) are ion-induced dipole attractions
1 0.003 d) are attractions between two hydrogen atoms
6 0.015 e) are attractions between the H(+) and OH(-) ions of
the liquid

14. In a hydrogen bond between a water molecule and another

biomolecule:
0 0.000 a) a hydrogen ion on the water molecule forms an ionic
bond with a hydride ion on the other molecule
2 0.005 b) the partial charge on a hydrogen of the water
interacts with the partial charge on a hydrogen of the other molecule
396 0.995 c) the hydrogen bond will typically form between a
hydrogen atom and either a nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atom##
0 0.000 d) a hydrogen on the water molecule forms a covalent
bond to a hydrogen atom on the other molecule
0 0.000 e) the hydrogen atom is located between an oxygen atom
of the water and a carbon atom of the other molecule

15. Hydrophobic interactions between nonpolar molecules or groups:

10.003 a) result from the tendency to maximize water’s contact
with nonpolar molecules
370 0.930 b) require the presence of surrounding water
molecules##
1 0.003 c) are the result of strong attractions between
nonpolar regions
26 0.065 d) are the result of strong repulsion between water and
nonpolar regions
0 0.000 e) depend on strong permanent dipoles in the nonpolar
molecules

16. To make a phosphate buffer at pH 12.38 starting with one liter

of 10 mM phosphoric acid (H3PO4; pKs are of 2.15, 6.82, and 12.38),
you could add
58 0.146 a) 15 millimoles of KOH
5 0.013 b) 20 millimoles of HCL
323 0.812 c) 25 millimoles of KOH##
6 0.015 d) 25 millimoles of HCL
5 0.013 e) You cannot make a buffer by adding HCL or KOH

17. To make an acetate buffer at pH 4.76 (pK = 4.76) starting with

500 mL of 0.1 M sodium acetate (pK = 4.76), you could add:
9 0.023 a) 0.1 moles of HCL
377 0.947 b) 0.025 moles of HCL##
6 0.015 c) You can’t make a buffer by adding HCL or NaOH
 5 0.013 d) 0.1 moles of NaOH
1 0.003 e) 0.2 moles of HCL

18. Given log (0.00001)=-5; log(0.0001)=-4; and log(0.001)=-3. If

you added a drop (about 0.05 mL) of 1.0 M HCL to one liter of pure
water (assume pH 7.0), the pH would become:
9 0.023 a) 7.0 (there would be no significant change)
385 0.967 b) 4.3##
2 0.005 c) 5.0
2 0.005 d) 2.7
0 0.000 e) 9.7

19. What is the ratio of citric acid (pK1=3.09) to monosodium

citrate in a 1.0 M citric acid solution with a pH = 2.09?
8 0.020 a) 10:11
0 0.000 b) 1:11
368 0.925 c) 10:1##
1 0.003 d) 1:1
21 0.053 e) 1:10

20. The strongest non-covalent interactions are:

0 0.000 a) van der Waal forces
0 0.000 b) London dispersion forces
5 0.013 c) hydrogen bonds
3 0.008 d) dipole-dipole interaction
390 0.980 e) ionic interactions##

21. Assuming you had a way to measure the amount of protein in a

sample of food, which of the following elements would you measure in
order to tell whether the food contained protein
1 0.003 a) oxygen
0 0.000 b) hydrogen
0 0.000 c) potassium
0 0.000 d) carbon
397 0.997 e) nitrogen##

22. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, pH = pK + log {[A-] /[HA]} ,

indicates that when the _____ of a solution containing acid is equal
to the _________ of that acid, then the acid is half deprotonated.
397 0.997 a) pH and pK##
0 0.000 b) base and OH-
0 0.000 c) log pH and log pOH
1 0.003 d) H+ and pK
0 0.000 e) log [A-] and pH

23. What is the final pH of a solution with 50 mL of a stock

solution of 2.0 M K2HPO4 and 25 mL of a stock solution of 2.0 M
KH2PO4; diluted to a final volume of 200 mL. (pK=6.82; log(1) = 0;
log(2)=0.3; log(3)=0.48; log(5)=0.7).
7 0.018 a) 6.82
 12 0.030 b) 6.52
371 0.932 c) 7.12##
2 0.005 d) 5.82
4 0.010 e) 7.3

24. The free energy change for the reaction A => B at 25 degree C.
Given enthalpy ([Link]-1) and entropy ([Link]-1) for A and B are: A
enthalpy = 60; entropy = 22; B enthalpy = 75; entropy = 97. Zero
degree C = 273 Kelvin. Delta G = Delta H – T Delta S.
385 0.967 a) -7.4 [Link]-1##
5 0.013 b) 7.4 [Link]-1
4 0.010 c) -3.7 [Link]-1
1 0.003 d) 3.7 [Link]-1
1 0.003 e) none of the rest

25. A soccer coach keeps a couple of instant cold packs in her bag
in case one of her players suffers a muscle injury. Instant cold packs
are composed of a plastic bag containing a smaller water bag and solid
ammonium nitrate. In order to activate the fold pack, the bag is
kneaded until the smaller water bag breaks, which allows the released
water to dissolve the ammonium nitrate. Which of the following
statements about the dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water is
correct?
6 0.015 a) Delta G > 0
378 0.950 b) Delta S > 0##
1 0.003 c) Delta H < 0
1 0.003 d) Delta T > 0
12 0.030 e) Delta H < Delta S
 1. The biological classification system categorizes organisms into
the domains:
0 0.000 a) bacteria, eukarya, and vertebrate
2 0.007 b) archaea and eukarya
297 0.980 c) bacteria, eukarya, and archaea##
1 0.003 d) eukarya and bacteria
3 0.010 e) none of the rest

2. If gas molecules in an enclosed space are allowed to enter a

second chamber, the resulting redistribution of gas molecules
represents an increase in
2 0.007 a) enthalpy
301 0.993 b) entropy##
0 0.000 c) force
0 0.000 d) enthalpy and force
0 0.000 e) all of the rest

3. Which of the major types of biomolecules is never found in a

polymeric form?
5 0.017 a) amino acids
1 0.003 b) carbohydrates
6 0.020 c) nucleotides
269 0.888 d) lipids##
22 0.073 e) none of the rest

4. Which of the following biopolymers is correctly paired with the

bond that forms between the monomers?
0 0.000 a) protein: ester bond
248 0.818 b) polysaccharide: glycosidic bond##
0 0.000 c) DNA: phosphate bond
0 0.000 d) RNA: phosphate bond
55 0.182 e) all of the rest

5. Which of the biopolymers is correctly paired with its major

function?
0 0.000 a) protein: information encoding
0 0.000 b) nucleic acids: energy storage
0 0.000 c) lipids: information encoding
301 0.993 d) polysaccharide: energy storage##
2 0.007 e) none of the rest

6. A spontaneous process
2 0.007 a) occurs without the addition of free energy
10 0.033 b) has a delta G < 0
1 0.003 c) is exergonic
289 0.954 d) all of the rest##
1 0.003 e) none of the rest

7. An increase in disorder
8 0.026 a) is found in every exergonic process
 5 0.017 b) is characteristic of a system increasing in enthalpy
7 0.023 c) is required for a process to be spontaneous
3 0.010 d) results in a decrease in entropy
279 0.921 e) results in the factor T delta S being positive##

8. Phosphate, with a pK2 of 6.82, will be mostly in the HPO4(2-)

form at pH 7.2. At pH 5.82 it is mostly in the
_________________________ forms.
1 0.003 a) H3PO4
296 0.977 b) H2PO4(1-)##
4 0.013 c) HPO4(2-)
2 0.007 d) PO4(3-)
0 0.000 e) none of the rest

9. A solution of buffer at a pH of 8.5 with a pK = 7.5 would have

more capacity to buffer the addition of
294 0.970 a) acid versus base##
9 0.030 b) base versus acid
0 0.000 c) PO4(3-)
0 0.000 d) HPO4(2-) and PO4(3-)
0 0.000 e) none of the rest

10. A phosphate buffer solution at a pH = pK1 = 2.15 would have

equal amounts of phosphate in the ____________ form and the H2PO4(1-)
form.
3 0.010 a) HPO4(2-)
0 0.000 b) H2PO4(1-)
300 0.990 c) H3PO4##
0 0.000 d) disordered
0 0.000 e) tetrahedral

11. Hydrogen bonds within liquid water:

1 0.003 a) are attractions between the protons of the oxygen
nuclei
297 0.980 b) are dipole-dipole attraction##
3 0.010 c) are ion-induced dipole attractions
0 0.000 d) are attractions between two hydrogen atoms
2 0.007 e) are attractions between the H(+) and OH(-) ions of
the liquid

12. In a hydrogen bond between a water molecule and another

biomolecule:
1 0.003 a) a hydrogen ion on the water molecule forms an ionic
bond with a hydride ion on the other molecule
0 0.000 b) the partial charge on a hydrogen of the water
interacts with the partial charge on a hydrogen of the other molecule
302 0.997 c) the hydrogen bond will typically form between a
hydrogen atom and either a nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atom##
0 0.000 d) a hydrogen on the water molecule forms a covalent
bond to a hydrogen atom on the other molecule
 0 0.000 e) the hydrogen atom is located between an oxygen atom
of the water and a carbon atom of the other molecule

13. Hydrophobic interactions between nonpolar molecules or groups:

0 0.000 a) result from the tendency to maximize water’s contact
with nonpolar molecules
292 0.964 b) require the presence of surrounding water
molecules##
2 0.007 c) are the result of strong attractions between
nonpolar regions
9 0.030 d) are the result of strong repulsion between water and
nonpolar regions
0 0.000 e) depend on strong permanent dipoles in the nonpolar
molecules

14. To make a phosphate buffer at pH 6.82 starting with one liter of

10 mM phosphoric acid (H3PO4; pKs are of 2.15, 6.82, and 12.38), you
could add
34 0.112 a) 10 millimoles of KOH
2 0.007 b) 20 millimoles of HCL
0 0.000 c) 25 millimoles of HCL
266 0.878 d) 15 millimoles of KOH##
1 0.003 e) You can’t make a buffer by adding HCL or KOH

15. To make an acetate buffer at pH 4.76 (pK = 4.76) starting with

500 mL of 0.1 M sodium acetate (pK = 4.76), you could add:
6 0.020 a) 0.1 moles of HCL
290 0.957 b) 0.025 moles of HCL##
3 0.010 c) You can’t make a buffer by adding HCL or NaOH
2 0.007 d) 0.1 moles of NaOH
2 0.007 e) 0.2 moles of HCL

16. Amphiphilic molecules:

0 0.000 a) have both oxidizing and reducing groups
1 0.003 b) have chromophores in two different wavelength
regions
0 0.000 c) have both acidic and basic groups
302 0.997 d) have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups##
0 0.000 e) are micelles

17. Given log (0.00001)=-5; log(0.0001)=-4; and log(0.001)=-3. If

you added a drop (about 0.05 mL) of 1.0 M HCL to one liter of pure
water (assume pH 7.0), the pH would become:
4 0.013 a) 7.0 (there would be no significant change)
298 0.983 b) 4.3##
1 0.003 c) 5.0
0 0.000 d) 2.7
0 0.000 e) 9.7

18. What is the ratio of citric acid (pK1=3.09) to monosodium

citrate in a 1.0 M citric acid solution with a pH = 2.09?
10 0.033 a) 10:11
1 0.003 b) 1:11
274 0.904 c) 10:1##
0 0.000 d) 1:1
17 0.056 e) 1:10

19. Which of the following statements about water is incorrect?

0 0.000 a) Water is an excellent solvent for polar molecules.
4 0.013 b) Pure water has a concentration of approximately 55.5
M.
0 0.000 c) Non-polar molecules do not dissolve in water, but
form a separate phase.
299 0.987 d) Cations (e.g. Na+) are solvated by shells of water
molecules oriented with their hydrogen atoms pointed toward the
ions.##
0 0.000 e) Amphiphilic detergents often form micelles with the
polar groups on the outside exposed to the water (solvent) and the
non-polar groups sequestered in the interior.

20. The strongest non-covalent interactions are:

1 0.003 a) van der Waal forces
0 0.000 b) London dispersion forces
7 0.023 c) hydrogen bonds
0 0.000 d) dipole-dipole interaction
295 0.974 e) ionic interactions##

21. Assuming you had a way to measure the amount of protein in a

sample of food, which of the following elements would you measure in
order to tell whether the food contained protein
0 0.000 a) oxygen
0 0.000 b) hydrogen
1 0.003 c) potassium
0 0.000 d) carbon
302 0.997 e) nitrogen##

22. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, pH = pK + log {[A-] /[HA]} ,

indicates that when the _____ of a solution containing acid is equal
to the _________ of that acid, then the acid is half deprotonated.
303 1.000 a) pH and pK##
0 0.000 b) base and OH-
0 0.000 c) log pH and log pOH
0 0.000 d) H+ and pK
0 0.000 e) log [A-] and pH

23. What is the final pH of a solution with 50 mL of a stock

solution of 2.0 M K2HPO4 and 25 mL of a stock solution of 2.0 M
KH2PO4; diluted to a final volume of 200 mL. (pK=6.82; log(1) = 0;
log(2)=0.3; log(3)=0.48; log(5)=0.7).
4 0.013 a) 6.82
 9 0.030 b) 6.52
286 0.944 c) 7.12##
1 0.003 d) 5.82
2 0.007 e) 7.3

24. The free energy change for the reaction A => B at 25 degree C.
Given enthalpy ([Link]-1) and entropy ([Link]-1) for A and B are: A
enthalpy = 60; entropy = 22; B enthalpy = 75; entropy = 97. Zero
degree C = 273 Kelvin. Delta G = Delta H – T Delta S.
287 0.947 a) -7.4 [Link]-1##
3 0.010 b) 7.4 [Link]-1
4 0.013 c) -3.7 [Link]-1
0 0.000 d) 3.7 [Link]-1
9 0.030 e) none of the rest

25. A soccer coach keeps a couple of instant cold packs in her bag
in case one of her players suffers a muscle injury. Instant cold packs
are composed of a plastic bag containing a smaller water bag and solid
ammonium nitrate. In order to activate the fold pack, the bag is
kneaded until the smaller water bag breaks, which allows the released
water to dissolve the ammonium nitrate. Which of the following
statements about the dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water is
correct?
8 0.026 a) Delta G > 0
280 0.924 b) Delta S > 0##
5 0.017 c) Delta H < 0
0 0.000 d) Delta T > 0
10 0.033 e) Delta H < Delta S